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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

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Articles 301 - 330 of 538

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Sex Ratios In Bobcat Populations, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1988

Sex Ratios In Bobcat Populations, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Reported sex ratios in bobcat populations have suggested great variation ranging from strong male bias to strong female bias. Explanations offered for these observations have included factors of mobility, activity, behavior, inaccurate data collection, hunting pressure, and population density. Ratios are probably most representative during the winter, when females are no longer under constraints of parental care. Sex determination should be made by experienced observers and preferably through internal examination. The most productive direction for interpretation of validated ratios appears to be in terms of population density, hunting pressure, and the timing of harvest.

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Bats Of Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, David A. Saugey, Dianne G. Saugey, Gary A. Heidt, Darrell R. Heath Jan 1988

Bats Of Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, David A. Saugey, Dianne G. Saugey, Gary A. Heidt, Darrell R. Heath

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A survey was conducted from June 1982 through January 1987 to determine the occurrence of bat species in Hot Springs National Park, Garland County, Arkansas; an area of approximately 2025 hectares. A total of 309 bats in the families Molossidae and Vespertilionidae were captured. Species represented included: Eptesicus fuscus, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Nycticeius humeralis, Pipistrellus subflavus, and Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala.

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Eggtooth Development And Morphology In The Six-Lined Racerunner Cnemidophorus Sexlineatus (Sauria: Teiidiae) Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1988

Eggtooth Development And Morphology In The Six-Lined Racerunner Cnemidophorus Sexlineatus (Sauria: Teiidiae) Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Eggtooth development and morphology in the six-lined racerunner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus, were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The anlage of the embryonic eggtooth emerges from the anterior surface of the palate relatively late during embryonic development. The eggtooth proper erupts through an epithelial sheath and grows anteriorly to project beyond the rostral scale. The mature eggtooth is hollow, has a wall made of enamel and dentine, possesses a sharply-curved body and has a flattened, pointed tip. The eggtooth is shed within several days after the young hatch.

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Forest Habitat Use By White-Tailed Deer In The Arkansas Coastal Plain, T. B. Wigley Jr., M. E. Garner Jan 1988

Forest Habitat Use By White-Tailed Deer In The Arkansas Coastal Plain, T. B. Wigley Jr., M. E. Garner

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Forest habitat use by five radio-equipped white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was monitored in the Arkansas Coastal Plain during 1982-84. The deer were located 821 times. Use of forest types was compared to expected use as calculated from availability. The study area was also divided into 491 two-hectare cells for which timber characteristics and number of deer locations were determined. Pine sawtimber was the most heavily used forest type in all seasons and was used more often than expected during spring. Also used more than expected were brushy areas (clearcut but not site prepared) during spring, summer and fall and openings …

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Reproductive Characteristics Of South Florida Sternotherus Odoratus And Kinosternon Baurii (Testudines: Kinosternidae), Walter E. Meshaka Jr. Jan 1988

Reproductive Characteristics Of South Florida Sternotherus Odoratus And Kinosternon Baurii (Testudines: Kinosternidae), Walter E. Meshaka Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Mammalian Species Recovered From A Study Of Barn Owl, Tyto Alba, Pellets From Southwestern Arkansas, Tim W. Steward, J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel, Daniel R. England Jan 1988

Mammalian Species Recovered From A Study Of Barn Owl, Tyto Alba, Pellets From Southwestern Arkansas, Tim W. Steward, J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel, Daniel R. England

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of Striped Bass (Morone Saxatillis) Age From Body Scales, Opercles, And Dorsal Spines, Raj V. Kilambi, Thoniot T. Prabhakaran Jan 1987

Evaluation Of Striped Bass (Morone Saxatillis) Age From Body Scales, Opercles, And Dorsal Spines, Raj V. Kilambi, Thoniot T. Prabhakaran

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Cartographic Trend Analysis Of Furbearer Harvest Distributions In Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Mark Trail, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1987

Cartographic Trend Analysis Of Furbearer Harvest Distributions In Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Mark Trail, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Average by-county fur harvest for the last nine harvest seasons (1977-1985) was used as data points to be interpolated using nearest neighbor algorithms in computer-assisted trend analyses. COMPLOT maps were produced which represented a surface of harvest densities drawn over a map of Arkansas. Twelve furbearer species are examined, and "topographic" features of harvest density for each are interpreted in terms of ecology and/or buyer distribution. The trend surface technique removed some of the error inherent to harvest records, and produced an aesthetic graphical display of the information that was more easily interpreted and explained than other methods of analysis …

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Effects Of Blue Tilapia/Channel Catfish Polyculture On Production, Food Conversion, Water Quality And Channel Catfish Off-Flavor, Les Torrans, Fran Lowell Jan 1987

Effects Of Blue Tilapia/Channel Catfish Polyculture On Production, Food Conversion, Water Quality And Channel Catfish Off-Flavor, Les Torrans, Fran Lowell

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) monoculture ponds stocked with 10,000/ha of mixed- size catfish were compared to ponds stocked additionally with blue tilapia (Tilapia aurea). Ponds stocked with 5000/ha young-of-the-year blue tilapia produced 236 kg/ha less catfish, but tilapia biomass increased by 1020 kg/ha, averaging 233 g/fish. Ponds stocked with sexually mature tilapia in Aprilto provide forage to the catfish had increased catfish production but a poorer food conversion radio. Ponds stocked with sexually mature tilapia in June or July had catfish production and FCR's similar to the controls. Dissolved oxygen was significantly lower than the controls in all polyculture treatments. …

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Efficiency Of Different Storage Methods For Preserving Lake Trout (Salvelinus Namacush) Eye Tissue, Basil L. Joiner, Joseph R. Sylvester, Harold L. Kincard Jan 1987

Efficiency Of Different Storage Methods For Preserving Lake Trout (Salvelinus Namacush) Eye Tissue, Basil L. Joiner, Joseph R. Sylvester, Harold L. Kincard

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Yellow Rail (Coturnicops Novaborancensis) With Dark Plumage From Arkansas, Douglas A. James Jan 1987

Yellow Rail (Coturnicops Novaborancensis) With Dark Plumage From Arkansas, Douglas A. James

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Fur Trade Records From Arkansas Factory, Arkansas Post, Louisiana Territory, 1805-1810, Paul J. Polechla Jr. Jan 1987

Fur Trade Records From Arkansas Factory, Arkansas Post, Louisiana Territory, 1805-1810, Paul J. Polechla Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The United States government established a trading house at Arkansas Post in 1805 on the north bank of the Arkansas River in the newly purchased Louisiana Territory. The goal of this trading house was to foster good relations with the Quapaw tribe and other indigenous peoples. John B. Treat and his successors operated the post and meticulously recorded the number, value, and species of pelts traded. Tabulation of these records, which have been preserved in the National Archives, revealed that 9 or 10 species contributed a total of about 44,000 hides, worth approximately $18,000. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) pelts comprised …

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Recent Collections Of Fishes From The Spring River Drainage In Northeast Arkansas, Steve C. Baker, Michael L. Armstrong Jan 1987

Recent Collections Of Fishes From The Spring River Drainage In Northeast Arkansas, Steve C. Baker, Michael L. Armstrong

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Striped Bass Scale Analysis By Scanning Electron Microscopy For Delineation Of Annuli, Barry L. Barnoski, Raj V. Kilambi Jan 1987

Striped Bass Scale Analysis By Scanning Electron Microscopy For Delineation Of Annuli, Barry L. Barnoski, Raj V. Kilambi

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Reported Bat Rabies In Arkansas, Gary A. Heidt, David A. Saugey, Susan R. Bradford-Luck Jan 1987

Reported Bat Rabies In Arkansas, Gary A. Heidt, David A. Saugey, Susan R. Bradford-Luck

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Fauna And Distribution Of Free Living Chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) In Arkansas, M. C. Wicht Jr., A. C. Rowland Jan 1987

Fauna And Distribution Of Free Living Chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) In Arkansas, M. C. Wicht Jr., A. C. Rowland

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Population Decline Of The Endangered Indiana Bat, Myotis Sodalis, In Arkansas, Michael J. Harvey, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1986

Population Decline Of The Endangered Indiana Bat, Myotis Sodalis, In Arkansas, Michael J. Harvey, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Concanavalin A-Nonbinding Enzymes Of Crotalus Scutulatus Scutulatus Venom, C. K. Childs, Michael W. Hinson, Dewey H. Sifford, Bob D. Johnson Jan 1986

Concanavalin A-Nonbinding Enzymes Of Crotalus Scutulatus Scutulatus Venom, C. K. Childs, Michael W. Hinson, Dewey H. Sifford, Bob D. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus crude venom was separated into two fractions by Concanavalin A Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The Concanavalin A-nonbinding fraction (F-l) exhibited phosphomonoesterase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase EC 3.1 .3.2), phosphodiesterase, 5 '-nucleotidase (5 '-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase EC 3.1.3.5), phospholipase A (phosphatidate 2-acylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.4), hyaluronidase (hyaluronate glycanohydrolase EC 3.2.1.d), N-benzoyl-Larginine ethyl esterase, p-toluenesulfonyl-L-arginine methyl esterase, L-amino acid oxidase (L-amino acid: O2 oxidoreductase [deaminating] EC 1.4.3.2), and caseinolytic activities. Thrombin-like and NAD nucleosidase (5 '-ribonudeotide phosphohydrolase EC 3.1.3.5) activities were not observed. DEAE Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography by two stage elution of F-l yielded several fractions having proteinase activities. Proteinase …

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Age And Growth Of Redear Sunfish Lepomis Microlophus (Gunthur), From Bob Kidd Lake, Rex R. Roberg, Thoniot T. Prabhakaran, Raj V. Kilambi Jan 1986

Age And Growth Of Redear Sunfish Lepomis Microlophus (Gunthur), From Bob Kidd Lake, Rex R. Roberg, Thoniot T. Prabhakaran, Raj V. Kilambi

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Total lengths (62-285mm) and body scales from 75 redear sunfish collected by electroshocking from Bob Kidd Lake during October and November 1985 were used for this study. The length-frequency distribution yielded five age groups, however, the body scale analysis revealed eight age groups. The total length scale radius relationship was estimated as, TL = 17.98 + 0.92 Sr . Lengths attained at earlier ages were estimated by the Fraser-Lee method and the Bertlanffy growth model was fitted to the lengths for ages five through ten, and the resulting equation, L₁ = 295 [1 - exp — 0.29 (t - 1.83)], …

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River Otter In Arkansas. Iv. Winter Food Habits In Eastern Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Anthony W. King, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1986

River Otter In Arkansas. Iv. Winter Food Habits In Eastern Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Anthony W. King, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Stomachs and intestines of 89 river otters (Lutra canadensis) collected in eastern Arkansas during the trapping seasons (December- January) of 1978-1983 were examined for food remains. Fish (primarily centrarchids, catostomids, and clupeids) dominated the diet (71.2%). The next most abundant prey was crayfish (18.3% of the diet). Other foods included gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), wood duck (Aixsponsa), snakes (Thamnophis proximus), frogs (Ranidae and Hylidae), and beetles (Coleoptera).

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Harvest Trends Of The Bobcat (Felix Rufus) In Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1986

Harvest Trends Of The Bobcat (Felix Rufus) In Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Arkansas bobcat fur harvest records were examined in relation to forest cover, furbuyer distribution, and price. Availability of forest cover correlated with areas of greatest harvest, and a dynamic forest products industry in southern Arkansas is believed to support a greater density, and therefore greater harvest, of bobcats. Comparison of furbuyer distribution with harvest level among physiographic regions suggested that the fur industry in southern Arkansas could expand. Prices increased dramatically in the 1970's, and 94.5% of the variation in harvest level could be explained by price.

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Comparison Of The Symbiotic Fauna Of The Family Plethodontidae In The Ouachita Mountains Of Western Arkansas, Douglas A. Winter, Wojciech M. Zawada, Arthur A. Johnson Jan 1986

Comparison Of The Symbiotic Fauna Of The Family Plethodontidae In The Ouachita Mountains Of Western Arkansas, Douglas A. Winter, Wojciech M. Zawada, Arthur A. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

During the spring of 1985, 101 salamanders representing six host species (29 Plethodon ouachitae, 25 P. caddoensis, 6 P. fourchensis, 23 P. serratus, 13 Desmognathus brimleyorum, and 5 P. glutinosus glutinosus) were collected from six localities in three counties in Arkansas (Polk, Scott, and Montgomery) and examined for symbionts. With the exception of Hannemania dunni, all symbionts recovered from the first five species listed constitute new host records, and the endoparasitic fauna in all species establish new locality records. Examinations revealed one or more species of parasites in 82% of the hosts. Eight species of symbionts (3 nematode, 1 trematode, …

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Evaluation Of A Fin Ray Scarring Technique For Individually Marking Fish, Les Torrans, Fran Lowell, Howard Clemens Jan 1986

Evaluation Of A Fin Ray Scarring Technique For Individually Marking Fish, Les Torrans, Fran Lowell, Howard Clemens

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Abandoned Mine Fauna Of The Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas: Vertebrate Taxa, Darrell R. Heath, David A. Saugey, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1986

Abandoned Mine Fauna Of The Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas: Vertebrate Taxa, Darrell R. Heath, David A. Saugey, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Numerous visits, over the past four years, of 27 abandoned mines in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas revealed that the mines are serving as hibernacula, breeding sites, and permanent or temporary habitats for numerous vertebrates. The following species were observed either directly or by sign: Class Amphibia, Order Urodela — Eurycea multiplicata, Desmognathus brimleyorum, Plethodon caddoensis, P. glutinosus. Order Anura — Gastrophyrne carolinensis, Rana palustris, R. catesbeiana. Class Reptilia, Order Squamata, Suborder Serpentes — Thamnophis proximus, Diadophis punctatus, Elaphe obsoleta, Nerodia erythrogaster, Agkistrodon contortrix. Class Aves, Order Passeriformes--Sayornis phoebe. Order Strigiformes — Otus asio. Class Mammalia, Order Marsupialia —Didelphis virginiana. …

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Effects Of Low Ph On Lactate Dehydrogenase Kinetics Of Diving And Nondiving Reptiles, Dennis A. Baeyens, Salim R. Hurley Jan 1986

Effects Of Low Ph On Lactate Dehydrogenase Kinetics Of Diving And Nondiving Reptiles, Dennis A. Baeyens, Salim R. Hurley

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The properties of lactate dehydrogenase were examined in two snake species, Nerodia rhombifera and Elaphe obsoleta, and a turtle species, Pseudemys scripta. Our purpose was to compare the LDH activity of reptiles with limited anaerobic capabilities with that of the well established diver Pseudemys. The Michaelis-Menten kinetics of LDH and its susceptibility to inhibition by elevated pyruvate concentrations were investigated in the brain and heart of the three species. All tissue incubations and enzyme activity determinations were done at a pH of 7.0 in order to stimulate a diving blood pH in the three species. In both tissues the LDH …

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Plasma Corticosterone Levels In Cholesterol-Fed Cockerels Before And After A Twenty Minute Run, Stanley N. David, Clarene L. David Jan 1986

Plasma Corticosterone Levels In Cholesterol-Fed Cockerels Before And After A Twenty Minute Run, Stanley N. David, Clarene L. David

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Cockerels were exercised to observe the influence of physical activity on plasma corticosterone concentrations. The birds were maintained on a commercial mash or on an atherogenic diet. Plasmas were collected on the first day, fifteen days after the first collection and immediately after a 20 minute run on that fifteenth day. The plasma corticosterone levels as determined by radioimmunoassay showed extreme variations within collections. Hence, the data analysis indicated no significant changes of the Compound β in the blood of the cockerels due to diet, or exercise or the combination of both. The causes for the wide variation of plasma …

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Tagging And Marking Crawfish (Procambarus Clarkii) In A Population Estimation Study, Frank Meriweather Jan 1986

Tagging And Marking Crawfish (Procambarus Clarkii) In A Population Estimation Study, Frank Meriweather

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) were tagged with enumerated plastic streamers and released in 0.1-ha ponds to observe recapture frequency in stand-up traps. Also, crawfish were marked by a uropod punch, released and recaptured in 0.1-ha ponds for population estimation. Survival of streamer-tagged crawfish in indoor tanks averaged 46.7% after 25 days, indicating that tagging caused stress leading to mortality, especially during molt. Recapture frequencies of tagged crawfish indicated sampling bias which obviated use of the tagging method in population assessments. Short term (3-day) survival of marked crawfish (92%) and retention of the mark after molt indicated potential application in population assessment …

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Bat Fauna Of Southeast Arkansas, Tim W. Steward, V. Rick Mcdaniel, David A. Saugey, Daniel R. England Jan 1986

Bat Fauna Of Southeast Arkansas, Tim W. Steward, V. Rick Mcdaniel, David A. Saugey, Daniel R. England

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A systematic survey of the mammalian fauna of Southwest Arkansas has resulted in the accumulation of more than 200 records of bats from the 21 counties comprising the study area. The records reveal distributional patterns for 12 species of bats and represent a total of 68 new county records for this area of Arkansas.

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Spiders Collected In Southeast Arkansas Using Pitfall Traps Placed In Pine-Hardwood Forests That Received Various Forestry Treatments--A Preliminary List, Peggy Rae Dorris, L. C. Thompson Jan 1986

Spiders Collected In Southeast Arkansas Using Pitfall Traps Placed In Pine-Hardwood Forests That Received Various Forestry Treatments--A Preliminary List, Peggy Rae Dorris, L. C. Thompson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Usefulness Of Microfiche Reader/Printer For Studying Fish Species, Raj V. Kilambi, Marvin L. Galloway Jan 1986

Usefulness Of Microfiche Reader/Printer For Studying Fish Species, Raj V. Kilambi, Marvin L. Galloway

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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