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South Dakota State University

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Articles 1231 - 1260 of 1392

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Carcass Characteristics Of Bulls, Heifers And Steers As Influenced By Ration And Market Weight, Peter B. Smith, W.J. Costello, Peter J. Thiex, L.B. Embry Nov 1973

Carcass Characteristics Of Bulls, Heifers And Steers As Influenced By Ration And Market Weight, Peter B. Smith, W.J. Costello, Peter J. Thiex, L.B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

High feed grain prices, a growing worldwide demand for animal protein, and increasing demand for lean, high quality beef make it imperative that beef volume and production efficiency increase. Because of high feed costs it is important to know how concentrate level in the ration and market weight influence production efficiency and carcass composition of different sex groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of market weight and ration concentrate level on the quant itative and qualitative carcass traits of yearling bulls, bull calves, heifers and steers .


Investigation Of Western Yellow Pine (Pinus Ponderosa) Abortion, C. Cogswell, L.D. Kamstra Nov 1973

Investigation Of Western Yellow Pine (Pinus Ponderosa) Abortion, C. Cogswell, L.D. Kamstra

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

For a number of years, ranchers in western South Dakota have been of the opinion that pregnant cows will abort after the consumption of sufficient quantities of yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) needles. Problem areas exist where the yellow pine is the predominant pine species. Incidence of pine needle abortion is particularly high in late winter and early spring after cows in the last trimester of pregnancy graze on the needles. Some ranchers, however, have experienced the problem throughout the year when cows in earlier stages of pregnancy have aborted. Retained placentas are frequently associated with the abortions. If true abortions …


Growth Stimulating Products For Feedlot Heifers Fed High-Concentrate Diets Of High-Moisture Corn, J.D. Burkhardt, L.B. Embry Nov 1973

Growth Stimulating Products For Feedlot Heifers Fed High-Concentrate Diets Of High-Moisture Corn, J.D. Burkhardt, L.B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

This experiment was one in a series to determine the response by fee dlot heifers to various growth promoting products . Products tested were diethylstilbestrol (DES), zeranol and melengestrol acetate (MGA) under conditions of high-concentrate diets with high-moisture grain and hay or haylage.


Growing And Fishing Bulls, Heifers And Steers, P.J. Thiex, L.B. Embry Nov 1973

Growing And Fishing Bulls, Heifers And Steers, P.J. Thiex, L.B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

Growth rate of an animal depends upon energy consumed in excess of that for maintenance, and the requirements increase as the animal grows and fattens. Male and female cattle differ in rates of growth and fattening, but changes may be brought about by castration. There still is some concern as to the effects of market weight and energy content of rations on weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of feedlot bulls, heifers and steers. This experiment was conducted to study these factors. Bulls ( calves and yearlings), heifers and steers were fed to one of two final weight groups. …


Storage Methods And Protein Supplements For High-Moisture Ear Corn, W.S. Swan, L.B. Embry Nov 1973

Storage Methods And Protein Supplements For High-Moisture Ear Corn, W.S. Swan, L.B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

A high rate of gain can be obtained with growing and finishing cattle fed ear corn adequately supplemented with protein, minerals and vitamins. The cob portion of the ear furnishes more roughage than has been reported to result in optimum gains with minimum problems frequently associated with high-concentrate diets. Other roughages are not indicated with ear corn where high rates of gain are desired. Ear corn contains less protein than recommended in most diets for growing and finishing cattle. The low protein cob portion may not be an economical source of roughage in comparison to those considerably higher in protein …


Weaning Age And Management Systems For Fall Born Beef Calves, William Mccone Nov 1973

Weaning Age And Management Systems For Fall Born Beef Calves, William Mccone

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

Seventeen registered Angus, Hereford and Shorthorn cows calved in September, 1972. The cows calved on pasture and remained on pasture until early November. From November 10 to December 29, the cows were bred for 1973 fall calves. On December 29, 1972, one-half of the calves were weaned and started on a self-fed ration. The remaining one-half of the calves were allowed to continue nursing the cows, but the calves also had access to a creep feeder containing the same ration used for the weaned calves. At the start of the experiment the calves were randomly divided by sex, breed and …


Adaptation Of Feedlot Cattle To Urea And Antibacterial Compounds, J.D. Burkhardt, L.B. Embry, L.B. Dye Nov 1973

Adaptation Of Feedlot Cattle To Urea And Antibacterial Compounds, J.D. Burkhardt, L.B. Embry, L.B. Dye

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

A period of adaptation to urea during which feedlot performance is suppressed is frequently experienced when this product is added to rations of cattle not previously, or recently, fed it. This effect appears more evident with levels of urea used when it forms a major part of total protein in the ration. Urea and antibiotics in combination are common additions to protein supplements or mixed rations. At usual levels for continuous feeding of antibiotics and safe levels of urea for the dietary conditions, the combination appears satisfactory and to offer the beneficial effects from these compounds after a suitable period …


Backgrounding Of Feedlot Cattle - Levels Of Grain On Pasture, L.B. Embry Nov 1973

Backgrounding Of Feedlot Cattle - Levels Of Grain On Pasture, L.B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

Utilization of appreciable quantities of roughage for growing and finishing feedlot cattle means some restriction on rate of production in comparison to that obtained from diets containing more liberal quantities of concentrates. Periods of restricted growth of cattle have been shown to be followed by an accelerated rate of growth with an improvement in feed efficiency in comparison to more liberally fed animals during later finishing periods with high-concentrate diets. Thus, there can be some compensation in both rate and efficiency of gain following periods of restriction. However, the amount of compensation may vary depending upon the comparative degree and …


Seventeenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day, Animal Science Department Nov 1973

Seventeenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day, Animal Science Department

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

These are the complete proceedings of the seventeenth annual Cattle Feeders Day held on November 2, 1973 at South Dakota State University.


1973 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University Mar 1973

1973 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.


Dried Whey As An Additive For Alfalfa Haylage And As A Grain Supplement For Dairy Cows, Sitakantha Dash Jan 1973

Dried Whey As An Additive For Alfalfa Haylage And As A Grain Supplement For Dairy Cows, Sitakantha Dash

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research was conducted to explore the possibility of utilizing surplus whey in dairy cattle rations. Four experiments determined the influence of whey on preservation, digestibility and feeding value of alfalfa haylage. The last experiment was initiated to evaluate dried whey as a grain supplement. When dried whole whey was added at O, 1, and 10% levels to reconstituted alfalfa haylage (chopped baled hay plus 50% water) and preserved in sealed metal containers, it reduced pH, decreased acetic acid, and increased lactic acid. The general pattern of fermentation was better in whey-treated haylages than in corresponding untreated haylages. An in …


Partial Characterization Of Animal Growth Inhibitors From Soybeans, Joseph Richard Uckert Jan 1973

Partial Characterization Of Animal Growth Inhibitors From Soybeans, Joseph Richard Uckert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The pH 4. 4 supernatant from raw (unheated) soybean meal was separated into 5 fractions on a Sephadex G-25 column in efforts to isolate the animal growth inhibitors present soybeans. Each fraction was added to the diet of growing mice and growth inhibition (GI) activity was determined by comparing their_ growth rates to g1"'owth rates achieved on an autoclaved soybean meal diet. Fractions I and II each contained about 50% of the GI activity, with a trace in fraction III and none in fractions IV and V. Only fraction I contained trypsin inhibitor and caused pancreatic enlargement. Fraction I was …


The Vitamin E Status Of Lactating Dairy Cows After Receiving Stored Feeds For 15 Months, Marc Dellhime Eckhart Jan 1973

The Vitamin E Status Of Lactating Dairy Cows After Receiving Stored Feeds For 15 Months, Marc Dellhime Eckhart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The trend in dairying in recent years has been towards more confinement housing and higher producing animals. Such confinement housing often leads to year-around feeding of stored feeds, such as silage, haylage, and hay with no pasture grazing or feeding of freshly cut forages. Since stored feeds contain substantially less vitamin E than those same forage when freshly cut or grazed, it may be important to re-evaluate the vitamin E status of cows fed stored feeds continuously. The requirement of cattle for vitamin E are largely unknown. The one study involving adult cattle, conducted 25 years ago, found that 1.82 …


The Eriophyoidea Of South Dakota, Magdalena Lopez Briones Jan 1973

The Eriophyoidea Of South Dakota, Magdalena Lopez Briones

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This paper presents the results of the taxonomic investigation of the Eriophyoidea in South Dakota. Information is given on the morphology, discussion of variation within a population, distribution, damage in host plants, economic importance and techniques of collecting and preparing specimens. There are 42 previously described species included in this study. Of the 48 species studied, six are new. Species described are: Aculops maximilianae, Diptacus pengsonae, Eriophyes arceosae, Eriophyes taylori, Tegonotus lindenus, and Tetra mcdanieli.


Processing Methods For Corn Grain Fed With Various Types, Sources And Levels Of Roughage To Cattle, Jerry Burkhardt Jan 1973

Processing Methods For Corn Grain Fed With Various Types, Sources And Levels Of Roughage To Cattle, Jerry Burkhardt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The research reported in this thesis involved experiments to determine the value of grain processed by various methods when fed various kinds and ratios of concentrate to roughage to feedlot beef animals of various ages and degree of fatness.


Cost Of Producing Beef With Different Types And Weights Of Cattle, Danny G. Fox Oct 1972

Cost Of Producing Beef With Different Types And Weights Of Cattle, Danny G. Fox

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

Currently, there is much interest in changing the U.S.D.A. grading standards. Some suggest that we completely eliminate the use of them. There are many reasons for this, but the major one is that many feel that the present system does not always correctly identify the most desirable carcasses. Many cattle now come to market at 15 to 18 months of age and are not marbled because of their youthfulness.


Effect Of Sex And Hormonal Compounds On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Merit Of Cattle, L. B. Embry Oct 1972

Effect Of Sex And Hormonal Compounds On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Merit Of Cattle, L. B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

Bulls gain faster and more efficiently than heifers. Removal of the gonads (bulls or heifers) reduces rate of gain, increases feed requirements and results in changes in carcass characteristics. Some hormone and hormone-like compounds are commonly used for feedlot cattle. Effects on feedlot performance have been shown to vary between male and female and between intact and castrated animals. In addition, comparative performance between males and females and response to growth promoting compounds have been shown to be influences by the diet, age and stage of fish.


Sixteenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day, Animal Science Department Oct 1972

Sixteenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day, Animal Science Department

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

These are the complete proceedings of the sixteenth annual Cattle Feeders Day held on October 27, 1972 at South Dakota State University.


Effect Of Nutrition On The Carcass Composition And Quality Of Cattle, R. L. Preston Oct 1972

Effect Of Nutrition On The Carcass Composition And Quality Of Cattle, R. L. Preston

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

Beef is a highly desirable food, both nutritionally and for the pleasure it gives during its consumption. Protein of high quality is the major nutritional asset of beef, as well as supplying certain minerals and vitamins. As important as this role is, it is not the main reason that beef is the most desired of all meats. Beef is consumed because it provides great satisfaction. What then contributes of this satisfaction?


Feedlot Performance Of Bulls And The Response To Diethylstilbestrol Or Zeranol, P. J. Thiex, L. B. Embry Oct 1972

Feedlot Performance Of Bulls And The Response To Diethylstilbestrol Or Zeranol, P. J. Thiex, L. B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

The objective of this experiment was to determine the response by feedlot bulls to DES and zeranol when administered at a younger age (about 10 months) and a lighter weight (about 500 lb.).


U.S.D.A. Quality And Yield Grades For Beef, Dan H. Gee Oct 1972

U.S.D.A. Quality And Yield Grades For Beef, Dan H. Gee

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

The market value of a beef carcass at the present time is primarily determined by two factors: (1) the quality of the meat (palatability) and (2) the quantity or amount of lean meat available.


Effect Of Breed On Carcass Merit, D. D. Dearborn Oct 1972

Effect Of Breed On Carcass Merit, D. D. Dearborn

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

Ten years ago most cattle found in feedlots in the Corn Belt and the Northern Great Plains were straightbreds representing one of the British breeds. However, with the increased use of Charolais and the importation of bulls from at least 12 other European breeds into Canada, a large variety of breeds and breed crosses is found in the feedlots at the present time. This increased variety along with emphasis on increased efficiency has caused many feeders to ask questions concerning the performance of these breeds and breed crosses. The purpose of this paper is to review research results in an …


Sulfur And Methionine Supplementation With Urea For Feedlot Cattle, B. E. Davidson, L. B. Embry Oct 1972

Sulfur And Methionine Supplementation With Urea For Feedlot Cattle, B. E. Davidson, L. B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

Efficiency of urea utilization may be affected by several factors. Among these are level and source of energy, level and source of protein and amount of urea in the total diet and in the supplement. Other essential nutrients in the diet should be properly balanced. There has been a tendency in recent years to use higher levels of urea than was earlier recommended. Under some conditions, urea has been satisfactory as the only supplemental protein to diets for cattle. However, consideration should be given to likely problems of palatability and potential toxicity as well as to efficiency of urea utilization.


Corn Silage Diets For Finishing Cattle When Supplemented With Soybean Meal Or Urea And Des Fed At 10 Mg., 20 Mg. Daily Or Implanted, L. B. Embry, L. B. Dye, F. M. Byers Oct 1972

Corn Silage Diets For Finishing Cattle When Supplemented With Soybean Meal Or Urea And Des Fed At 10 Mg., 20 Mg. Daily Or Implanted, L. B. Embry, L. B. Dye, F. M. Byers

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

Corn silage properly supplemented with protein, minerals and vitamin A forms a simple and efficient diet for growing and finishing cattle. Rate of gain will be less than for high-concentrate diets, especially during late stages of finishing. However, gain per acre of corn will be greater when fed as silage than as grain.


Toxicity Study Using Pine Sawdust As A Roughage Replacement In Gestating Beef Heifer Rations, A. L. Slyter, L. D. Kamstra Oct 1972

Toxicity Study Using Pine Sawdust As A Roughage Replacement In Gestating Beef Heifer Rations, A. L. Slyter, L. D. Kamstra

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

The purpose of this was to determine what difficulties might be encountered as a result of feeding raw pine sawdust to beef heifers during the last trimester of gestation.


Weaning Age And Management Systems For Fall Born Beef Calves, William Mccone Oct 1972

Weaning Age And Management Systems For Fall Born Beef Calves, William Mccone

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

Twenty-five registered Angus, Hereford and Shorthorn cows calved in September, 1971. The cows calved on pasture and remained on pasture until early November. From November 12 to December 29, the cows were bred for 1972 fall calves. On December 29, 1971, one-half of the calves were weaned and started on a self-fed ration. The remaining one-half of the calves were allowed to continue nursing the cows, but the calves also had access to a calf creep feeder containing the same ration used for the weaned calves. At the start of the experiment the calves were randomly divided by sex, breed …


Diethylstilbestrol, Melengestrol Acetate And Zeranol During Growing And Finishing Of Feedlot Heifers, P. J. Thiex, L. B. Embry Oct 1972

Diethylstilbestrol, Melengestrol Acetate And Zeranol During Growing And Finishing Of Feedlot Heifers, P. J. Thiex, L. B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

Hormone and hormone-like compounds are commonly used for feedlot heifers. Effects on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics appear to vary depending on compounds used, levels administered including frequency of implanting, stage of growth and fattening, and dietary conditions. This experiment was one in a series to study the effects of melengestrol acetate (MGA) and implants of diethylstilbestrol (DES) or zeranol administered to heifers during growing and finishing or during finishing only.


Choosing Breeds And Crossbreeding Systems By Computer, C. A. Dinkel, D. D. Dearborn Oct 1972

Choosing Breeds And Crossbreeding Systems By Computer, C. A. Dinkel, D. D. Dearborn

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

The first report dealing with this project appeared in the Cow-Calf Field Day bulletin, August, 1972. That report presented an example to demonstrate the utility of the program for the cow-calf man. The example was based on estimates of performance traits for specific breeds under a particular environment and management situation and on market conditions existing at that time. The management system basic to the program took the weaning calf to 700 pounds in a backgrounding phase and then through a 140-day feedlot phase which was split into a 50-day growing period and a 90-day finishing period. The purpose of …


1972 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University Mar 1972

1972 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.


Carboxymethylcellulose As A Carrier For Follicle Stimulating Hormone In The Female Rat And Bovine, C. Leroy Johnson Jan 1972

Carboxymethylcellulose As A Carrier For Follicle Stimulating Hormone In The Female Rat And Bovine, C. Leroy Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A series of biological assays were conducted to compare physiological saline (PSS) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as carriers for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and to determine the optimum ratio of FSH to CMC. Constant individual dosages of 0.5 mg FSH were injected into a total of 384 immature female rats in four experiments. Treatments included single injections of FSH in PSS, FSH in 1 percent CMC at ratios (mg FSH: ml CMC) OF 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 5:1 and FSH in 2 percent CMC at a ratio of 1:1. Parameters of primary and secondary response were ovarian and uterine weight, …