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Articles 1201 - 1230 of 1392

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Injectable Famphur For Control Of Grubs In Cattle, P. H. Kohler, R. N. Gates, L. B. Embry, L. B. Embry Oct 1975

Injectable Famphur For Control Of Grubs In Cattle, P. H. Kohler, R. N. Gates, L. B. Embry, L. B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1975

Grubs are a major pest of cattle and cause considerable economic loss to the cattle industry. Running of cattle and standing in available water sources during heel fly strikes no doubt are reflected in lighter weaning weights of claves because of reduced grazing time and cows becoming separated from their calves. Other losses to producers and feeders include possible reduced feedlot performance by grub infested animals, weight loss and down grading of carcasses that are trimmed to remove areas damaged by grubs and a lower value for hides due to grub holes. Several effective products and methods of treatment are …

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Energy Level In Ration, Market Weight And Types Of Cattle, L. B. Embry, W. J. Costello, W. S. Swan Oct 1975

Energy Level In Ration, Market Weight And Types Of Cattle, L. B. Embry, W. J. Costello, W. S. Swan

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1975

The effect of body size on feed efficiency has been the subject of research for several years. Evidence was presented from some of the early research that body weight is unrelated to feed efficiency. Recent research has also shown that current recommended net energy requirements, such as those by the National Research Council, for growing and finishing beef cattle are valid for various sizes and types of beef animals. Large-bodied cattle gaining at a faster rate require more feed and should be fed ro heavier weights to reach best market grade.

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Nineteenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day, Animal Science Department Oct 1975

Nineteenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day, Animal Science Department

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1975

These are the complete proceedings of the nineteenth annual Cattle Feeders Day held on October 31, 1975 at South Dakota State University.

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Feedlot Health Through Preventative Management, M. W. Vorhies Oct 1975

Feedlot Health Through Preventative Management, M. W. Vorhies

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1975

Livestock production has become increasingly intensive and the momentum of the change has been so great that realistically it has been instrumental in presenting the Veterinarian with problems that have outstripped his knowledge.

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Marketing Margins For Beef And Related Considerations, Bruce A. Ginn Oct 1975

Marketing Margins For Beef And Related Considerations, Bruce A. Ginn

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1975

In an environment where inflation has become a way of life, rising prices are a natural accomplice. High prices are fine--for the seller. But those of us who wear the hat of the consumer (and that's all of us) greet escalating costs with a less than joyful attitude. The question is, Can consumers, longshoremen, producers, shippers, and the Russians find happiness together? In some respects the interests of the producer and the consumer may not be significantly different and could form the basis of an alliance in which marketing innovations could take place.

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Soybean Meal Or Urea During Feedlot Adaptation And Growing Of Calves, R. N. Gates, L. B. Embry Oct 1975

Soybean Meal Or Urea During Feedlot Adaptation And Growing Of Calves, R. N. Gates, L. B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1975

This experiment investigated the response by calves to different levels of protein during the first four weeks of feedlot adaptation using soybean meal, urea or a combination of the two sources. Following the adaptation period, the calves were continued on experiment for a growing phase to compare soybean meal and urea as supplements to corn silage.

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Acid-Treated Vs. Dried Corn With And Without Zeranol Implants For Finishing Cattle, L. B. Embry, R. C. Ward Oct 1975

Acid-Treated Vs. Dried Corn With And Without Zeranol Implants For Finishing Cattle, L. B. Embry, R. C. Ward

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1975

Corn grain is frequently harvested at a moisture content too high for safe keeping under conventional grain storage conditions. While this may be a desirable or necessary practice, the grain must be dried, stored under oxygen-limiting conditions, stored to produce ensiled grain or treated with an effective preservative to prevent spoilage during storage. Each of these methods is being used for preservation and storage of corn when harvested at a high-moisture content (20 to 30%) and used for feeding livestock. Total costs including storage structures, losses in processing and storage and comparative feeding value are factors involved in choice of …

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Diethylstilbestrol, Zeranol Or Synovex-S Implants For Finishing Steers, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan Oct 1975

Diethylstilbestrol, Zeranol Or Synovex-S Implants For Finishing Steers, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1975

Direct comparisons between DES, zeranol and Synovex implants and a non-implanted control under various conditions and are more limited. In the experiment reported here, implants of the three products were compared to a nonimplanted control when steers were fed finishing rations with and without roughage.

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How Energy Level In Ration, Market Weight And Type Of Cattle Influence Beef Carcass Traits, W. J. Costello, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan Oct 1975

How Energy Level In Ration, Market Weight And Type Of Cattle Influence Beef Carcass Traits, W. J. Costello, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1975

An experiment reported in this publication under the title "Energy Level in Ration, Market Weight and Types of Cattle" provided material to observe the influence of the three factors listed on beef carcass characteristics. Details describing the cattle, rations and market weights are presented in that report.

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Factors Affecting The Cattle Industry Outlook Situation, Gene E. Murra Oct 1975

Factors Affecting The Cattle Industry Outlook Situation, Gene E. Murra

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1975

Historically, many of the demand and supply relationships which impact on the cattle industry in the United States and South Dakota have been rather easy to analyze. This is not true today--many of the old, simple relationships have become complex. The purpose of this paper will be to present some of the demand and supply relationships as they pertain to outlook.

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1975 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Department Of South Dakota State University Mar 1975

1975 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Department Of South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

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Factors Affecting The Development Of Lipase Flavor In Butter, Lawrence I. Bell Jan 1975

Factors Affecting The Development Of Lipase Flavor In Butter, Lawrence I. Bell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Current trends in the dairy industry have resulted in an increase in the incidence of lipase flavored butter. Raw cream, fresh and aged 24 h, was divided into 3 fractions and heat treated at temperatures of 72 C, 85 C, and 93 C. Each fraction of cream was churned into butter, with the butter divided and stored at -28. 9 C and 4.4 C. Lipase flavor development was measured organoleptically, by acid degree value (ADV), and free fatty acids (FFA) using a colorimetric procedure. Age of the cream had a significant effect (P< .01) on FFA and. ADV .levels, whereas heat treatment .of the cream had a significant effect (P< .01) on flavor only. Storage time had a significant effect (P< .01) on FFA, ADV, and flavor and the temperature of storage had a significant effect (P< .01) on FFA ·and flavor. Correlation between FFA and ADV was 0.86. There was no correlation between flavor and either JTFA or ADV

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Amino Acid Additions To A Low Protein Corn-Soy Diet For Egg Production, Ali Baghaye Kashani Jan 1975

Amino Acid Additions To A Low Protein Corn-Soy Diet For Egg Production, Ali Baghaye Kashani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The present study was conducted to determine if the protein level of layer diets could be lowered from the: commonly used 16 percent to 12 percent by supplementation of some of the essential amino acids without reducing the performance of hens. The amino acids used were methionine, lysine, tryptophan and isoleucine. Egg production, egg shell thickness, interior egg quality, body weight, feed efficiency and free amino acid content of the albumen of eggs produced were criteria used to measure the (--) to treatment.

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Induction Of Parturition In The Ovine, Ernest L. Harman Jan 1975

Induction Of Parturition In The Ovine, Ernest L. Harman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The effects of flumethasone and prostaglandin F2 (PGF) on the time of parturition were studied in the ewe. Pregnant ewes with known conception dates were allotted into a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial designed experiment (1973 study) and into a completely random designed experiment (1974 study). In the 1973 study treatments consisted of three hormones (flumethasone, PGF and saline control), three levels (low, .5 mg flumethasone, 5 mg PGF, 1 cc saline; medium, 1.0 mg flumethasone, 10 mg PGF, 2 cc saline; high, 1.5 mg flumethasone, 15 mg PGF, 3 cc saline) and two routes of administration (IM …

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Diethylstilbestrol, Zeranol Or Synovex-S Implants For Growing Steers, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan Nov 1974

Diethylstilbestrol, Zeranol Or Synovex-S Implants For Growing Steers, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

Numerous experiments during the past several years have shown that implanting feedlot steers or heifers with diethylstilbestrol (DES), zeranol or Synovex results in an increase in rate of gain with improved feed efficiency. Comparisons between the three products under various conditions are more limited. Therefore, comparative effects of DES, zeranol and Synovex-S were tested in a growing experiment where steers were full-fed corn silage with 2 lb. per head daily of protein supplement for a period of about 3 months.

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Effects Of Monensin On Feedlot Performance Of Growing And Finishing Steers, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan Nov 1974

Effects Of Monensin On Feedlot Performance Of Growing And Finishing Steers, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

Feed additives have become an important part of rations for feedlot cattle during the past several years. They have been shown to being about improved performance in various ways such as stimulating growth, favorable alterations in fermentative and synthetic activity of the digestive tract and improvement in general health of the animals allowing more efficienct absorption and utilization of nutrients consumed.

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Eighteenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day, Animal Science Department Nov 1974

Eighteenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day, Animal Science Department

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

These are the complete proceedings of the eighteenth annual Cattle Feeders Day held on November 1, 1974 at South Dakota State University.

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Pine Sawdust As A Roughage Substitute In Beef Finishing Rations, L. D. Kamstra Nov 1974

Pine Sawdust As A Roughage Substitute In Beef Finishing Rations, L. D. Kamstra

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

Previous reports discussed toxicity trials with untreated sawdust, indicating no toxicity to ruminants when fed up to 25% of the ration. The low digestibility (7-10%) of softwood sawdust produced from the mills in western South Dakota limits its usage as a major ration component. The objective of this experiment is to demonstrate the usage of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) sawdust as a nonnutritive roughage component in beef finishing rations.

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Quality Measurement Of Hay Stored By Large Hay Packaging Systems, L. D. Kamstra, R. Schrempp, P. Turnquist, C. Johnson Nov 1974

Quality Measurement Of Hay Stored By Large Hay Packaging Systems, L. D. Kamstra, R. Schrempp, P. Turnquist, C. Johnson

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent large hay package storage retained the initial forage quality by measurement of seven quality parameters over an extended period. The Hesston 60 and Haybuster 1800 were used as examples of hay packaging systems for study.

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Soybean Meal And Urea Supplements With Corn Silage At Various Stages Of Feeding For Growing Cattle, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan Nov 1974

Soybean Meal And Urea Supplements With Corn Silage At Various Stages Of Feeding For Growing Cattle, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

Calves weaned and fed supplements containing urea generally have a period of reduced performance in comparison to those fed soybean meal supplements. The period of reduced gains may last for 3 to 4 weeks for calves unapted to urea, but it may vary in legnth and severity depending upon the level of urea, energy concentration of the diet, age of cattle and stresses to which subjected prior to arrival and at the feedlot. The period of reduced performance appears to become of lesser importance with increasing age of the cattle.

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Protein Supplementation For Finishing Cattle Fed All-Concentrate Or Low Roughage (Alfalfa) Diets, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan Nov 1974

Protein Supplementation For Finishing Cattle Fed All-Concentrate Or Low Roughage (Alfalfa) Diets, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

The experiment reported here was conducted to determine the need for supplemental protein in all-concentrate diets composed largely of corn grain and in diets with low levels of roughage (4 lb. of alfalfa haylage). Cattle fed supplements with soybean meal or urea were compared to those fed similar diets without supplemental protein to the corn or corn and alfalfa haylage.

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Effects Of Fungus-Fermented Soybeans On Broiler Growth And Life Cycle Performance Of Coturnix Quail, Cheong Choo Chah Jan 1974

Effects Of Fungus-Fermented Soybeans On Broiler Growth And Life Cycle Performance Of Coturnix Quail, Cheong Choo Chah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite the extensive data that have accumulated on the detrimental effect of molds on the growth of farm animals, very little is known as to the beneficial role of fungi in animal feed. Recent studies at South Dakota State University research laboratories revealed, however, that only 164 of 392 strains of Aspergilli were found to be toxic. When the cultures were grown on sterile soybeans or wheat, some of the tested cultures exerted positive effects on growth of chicks and mice. Hence, the investigations reported herein were initiated to obtain further information on those cultures beneficial to chick performance and …

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In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation Of Protecting Whey Protein Concentrate For Ruminants, David Rodriguez Maltos Jan 1974

In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation Of Protecting Whey Protein Concentrate For Ruminants, David Rodriguez Maltos

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In experiment I a series of in vitro buffer and rumen fermentation studies were conducted to evaluate protein solubility at pH 6.8 and pH 2.5 (with pepsin) and ammonia production from whey protein concentrates (WPC, 55% protein) treated with 0, .25, .5, 1.0, and 3% formaldehyde; 1, .5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 6% tannic acid; and 0, 1, 2, and 3 hr of heat treatment at 104 C. Protein solubility and ammonia production from casein treated with 0, .5, 1.0, and 3% formaldehyde and 0, .5, 1.0, and 3% tannic acid were also studied. All levels of formaldehyde treatment of …

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Initiation Of Parturition In Dairy Cows With Dexamethasone And Dexamethasone Plus Estradiol Benzoate, Gary Lee Beardsley Jan 1974

Initiation Of Parturition In Dairy Cows With Dexamethasone And Dexamethasone Plus Estradiol Benzoate, Gary Lee Beardsley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Parturition was initiated in 25 of 29 (Trial 1) and 26 of 26 (Trial 2) Holstein cows given dexamethasone (Trial 1), 4.4 mg/100 kg body weight, or dexamethasone plus .25 mg estradiol benzoate (Trial 2) at day 273 of gestation. Parturition occurred at 45.l z +/-11.1 h (Trial 1) and 40.8 ± 9.6 h (Trial 2) after injection. Twenty-nine control cows (Trial 1) and 26 control cows (Trial 2) had average gestation lengths of 280 and 281 days, respectively. In Trial 1, calving difficulty was greater (P <.05) while birth weight of calves was 3.0 kg less (P<.05) for the induced cows compared to controls. In Trial 2, no differences in calving difficulty were found, while calf birth weight was 2.5 kg less (P <.10) for the induced cows compared to controls. Average birth weights of calves were 42.4 and 45.4 kg, Trial 1; and L~o.8 and 43.3 kg for Trial 2, for induced and control groups. Severity of udder edema did not differ for either trial. Average daily milk production for the first 9 wk of lactation was 2l~.8 kg and 27.8 kg (Trial 1) and 24.2 kg and 27.7 kg (Trial 2), for induced and control groups. In both trials, differences in milk fat or fat corrected milk were nil. Total milk production (305 day-2X-mature equivalent) was not significantly different for either trial. Changes in body weight were similar for control and induced cows in both trials. The incidence of retained placental membranes was 76 and 10'/4 (Trial 1) and 50 and 4% (Trial 2) for induced and control cows. Average days to first heat, days to firs+, service, days to conception, and services per conception for induced cows were: 58 .4, 79-9, 117.8, 2.0 (Trial l); 80.7, 81.4, 102.2, 1.64 (Trial 2); and for control cows were: 58.6, 82.3, 105.5, 1.8 (Trial l); 89.0, 91.4, 128~6, 1.94 (Trial 2). In Trial 1, the incidence of milk fever in cows with no previous history was 24 and 10'/4 for induced a"'1.d control cows. There were no differences in the incidence of metabolic disorders in Trial 2. Results of California Mastitis Tests were similar for control and induced cows in both trials. In both Trial 1 and Trial 2, fat, protein, total solids, and gamma globulin content of the colostrum did not differ between control an treatment groups;· Casein values were lower (P <.05) for the treatment group in both trials. Average daily gains from 0 to 10 weeks were .63 and .60 kg, for Trial 1; and .51 and .46 kg, for Trial 2, for induced and control calves. No differences were found in calf death loss or health disorders between groups. Similar levels of serum gamma globulin were found for both groups at 0 (before sucking) and 3 days of age in both trials. No meaningful differences were found in total serum protein, albumin, and alpha and beta globulin levels in both trials. No differences were found at birth, in chest depth, shoulder width, head circumference, hip width, and wither height of calves.

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Parasites Of Salmonid Fishes From Southcentral Alaska, James Carl Riis Jan 1974

Parasites Of Salmonid Fishes From Southcentral Alaska, James Carl Riis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The importance of fish parasites is directly related to the value of the fish they affect. Alaskan salmonids are extremely important and are constantly increasing in value to the United States. Other countries, such as Japan and Russia, are also finding Alaskan salmonids important as a foodstuff. If human populations continue growing at present rates, in only a few years there could be twice as many people eating fish. As a recreational asset in Alaska, salmonids rank at or near the top, both for sportfishing and as a natural attraction. It is thus important from an economic point of view …

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Gonadal Hormone Levels Prior To And Following Puberty In Straightbred And Crossbred Beef Heifers, Walter Ronald Parker Jan 1974

Gonadal Hormone Levels Prior To And Following Puberty In Straightbred And Crossbred Beef Heifers, Walter Ronald Parker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Five heifers from each of four breed groups (Angus x Angus, Charolais x Charolais and the two reciprocal crosses) were used in a study of gonadal hormone levels during the interval from 16 weeks before puberty to puberty (trial I). Puberty was defined as the first standing estrus. Two heifer calves from dams from each of the above breed groups and sired by a single Polled Hereford bull were used in a study of gonadal hormone levels from birth to weaning (trial II). Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals from trial I heifers before puberty and three times weekly …

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The Effects Of Gestation Metabolizable Energy Levels On Sow Productivity And Hematology, George W. Libal Jan 1974

The Effects Of Gestation Metabolizable Energy Levels On Sow Productivity And Hematology, George W. Libal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It has been estimated that of the potential ova shed by the sow on1y about 55% result in live pigs born. Reproductive inefficiency can occur as a result of oversupplying or undersupplying energy. Since 1959, the National Research Council has reduced its listed energy requirements for the gravid sow considerably. The studies reported herein were conducted to evaluate metabolizable energy (ME) levels for gestating sows at and below the recommended levels and measure their effect on sow productivity as well as sow hematology at various stages of reproduction. Two experiments, each consisting of three trials, were conducted. Experiment 1, two …

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Growth Stimulant Substitutes For Stilbestrol, James J. O'Connell Nov 1973

Growth Stimulant Substitutes For Stilbestrol, James J. O'Connell

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

No abstract provided.

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Meeting The Protein Needs Of Growing And Finishing Cattle, William W. Schneider Nov 1973

Meeting The Protein Needs Of Growing And Finishing Cattle, William W. Schneider

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

The cost of nearly all feed commodities has sharply risen since one year ago. Those feed ingredients normally used as natural protein sources, however , have risen in cost much more dramatically than the roughages or the cereal grains used for animal feed. This substantial rise in cost of high protein feeds plus possible shortages of feed grade urea will force many cattle feeders to alter feeding and management practices used in the past. For example, recommendations in previous years frequently called for the use of soybean meal or soybean meal based supplements as the source of protein in growing …

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Effects Of Confinement Feeding Systems On Beef Cattle Production, R.D. Goodrich, J.C. Meiske, R.E. Smith, H.E. Henke Nov 1973

Effects Of Confinement Feeding Systems On Beef Cattle Production, R.D. Goodrich, J.C. Meiske, R.E. Smith, H.E. Henke

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973

Several factors have stimulated interest in housing systems for feedlot cattle. Some of these factors are (1) the desire to eliminate problems associated with the use of bedding, (2) the desire to decrease the labor required for feeding, bedding and manure handling, (3) the need to develop effective pollution control measures and (4) the desire to know the effects that housing systems may have on the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. The objectives of the trials reported herein were (1) to study the influence of housing systems on the performance of finishing steer calves and (2) to study …

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