Agriculture Commons^™

Seed Security For Food Security, Mutizwa Mkute, Doreen Mnyulwa, Sarah Kimakwa

Faculty Publications

'Farmers' dependence on agro-companies for agricultural inputs has been growing in east and southern Africa and beyond. At the same time, local and indigenous knowledge about seed selection, saving and multiplying has been lost.

This manual for development workers outlines traditional and current methods of saving seed. It begins with some basic ground rules for working with communities. The second section gives a comprehensive guide to different ways of propagating plants and saving seed from a full range of common crops and trees. Finally, the third part offers a brief outline of the background history and the current issues and …

Factors Affecting The Selection Of Business Arrangements By Hog Producers In The United States, Christopher Gazzara Davis

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The structure of the U.S. hog industry is changing rapidly. U.S. hog farms have become smaller in number, larger in size and more specialized. This study examines the factors that influence the hog producer's choice among business arrangements offered in the U.S. hog industry. A national survey was mailed to 4,986 hog producers to determine these factors. The survey consisted of questions covering topics such as: production characteristics, autonomy, transaction costs, risk, social relationships, and demographics. A response rate of 21% was received from the mailed surveys. Four alternative business arrangements were used: independent production, cooperative farming, flat-fee contract, and …

Adoption Of Best Management Practices In The Louisiana Dairy Industry, Noro C. Rahelizatovo

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The traditional view of the agricultural community as a good steward of the environment has been challenged by increasing concerns about the complex relationship between agricultural production activities and environmental quality. Agriculture provides a large range of products to satisfy human needs. It has also been singled out as major source of water pollution. Largely improved surface water quality has been assessed in the U.S. since the enactment of the Clean Water Act. However, efforts to reduce water pollution continue, targeting discharges from identifiable sources of water pollution and diffused discharges from nonpoint sources. Agricultural producers are encouraged to voluntarily …

Linking Ethiopian And Kenyan Pastoralists & Strengthening Cross-Border Collaboration, D. Layne Coppock, Solomon Desta

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Aspirations Of Rural Youth, Duane Bajema, W. Wade Miller, David L. Williams

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

The purpose of this study was to determine the aspirations of rural youth and to identify perceived support for and barriers to achieving their goals. The population included all seniors enrolled in public and private high schools in a five county area of northwest Iowa. The students were asked to indicate their educational and occupational aspirations. Likert-type scales were used to measure perceptions regarding support for and barriers to achieving their goals. Tenets of achievement motivation theory were observed in the rural students. Town and farm students alike had diverse educational and occupational aspirations. A high level of congruence was …

2002 Weed Science Research Report - Green Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2002. It includes work on small grains and the management of several weeds in North Dakota.

Declared Plant Control Handbook Recommendations For The Control Of Declared Plants In Western Australia, John R. Peirce, Rachael A. Pratt

Biosecurity published reports

Sixth Edition.

Reviewed October 2005.

Plants may be "declared" by the Agriculture Protection Board under the Agriculture and Related Resources Protection Act 1976.If a plant is declared, all landholders are obliged to control that plant on their properties. Declarations specifies a category, or categories, for each plant according to the control strategies or objectives which the Agriculture Protection Board believes are appropriate in a particular place.

Among the factors considered in categorising declared plants are:

* the impact of the plant on individuals, agricultural production and the community in general,

* whether it is already established in the area, and …

Combinatorial Control Of Yeast Fet4 Gene Expression By Iron, Zinc, And Oxygen, Brian M. Waters, David J. Eide

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Acquisition of metals such as iron, copper, and zinc by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is tightly regulated. High affinity uptake systems are induced under metal-limiting conditions to maintain an adequate supply of these essential nutrients. Low affinity uptake systems function when their substrates are in greater supply. The FET₄ gene encodes a low affinity iron and copper uptake transporter. FET₄ expression is regulated by several environmental factors. In this report, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation. First, we found that FET₄ expression is induced in iron-limited cells by the Aft1 iron-responsive transcriptional activator. Second, FET …

Genetic Analysis Of Feed Quality And Seed Weight Of Sorghum Inbred Lines And Hybrids Using Analytical Methods And Nirs, C. Hicks, M. R. Tuinstra, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, F. E. Dowell, K. D. Kofoid

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Eight lines of grain sorghum and their F1 hybrids were evaluated for contents of crude protein (CP), fat (FAT), and starch (STA); protein digestibility (PD); and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD). The effect of seed weight (SW) on these traits and the potential use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict them also were investigated. The male lines included three normal-seeded lines (TX2737, TX435, and P954063) and two largeseeded lines (PL-1 and Eastin1). The female lines included commonU.S. seed parent lines (Wheatland, Redlan, and SA3042). The lines and their hybrids were grown under dryland conditions at Kansas State …

Forage Yield Of Different Alfalfa Cultivars Under Ankara Conditions, Suzan Altinok, Azi̇z Karakaya

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This research was carried out in the experimental field of Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops during the years 1997, 1998, and 1999. Alfalfa cultivars Elçi, Kayseri, Mesa Sirsa, Fortress, Bilensoy-80, 5638/Miral, Peru, and Bitlis were used as materials. Plant heights of alfalfa cultivars during three years were highest before first cuts, and the highest forage yields were obtained from these cuts. According to the results, total green yields and dry matter yields were 1869 and 651 kg/da in first year, 4071 and 1297 kg/da in the second year, and 3839 and 1226 kg/da in the third …

Amelioration Of Chilling Injuries In Watermelon Seedlings By Abscisic Acid, Ahmet Korkmaz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A greenhouse study, designed in a randomized complete block design with five replications, was carried out at Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA, in the spring of 1997. The objective of the study was to investigate whether abscisic acid (ABA) would mitigate chilling damages in the watermelon, a chilling-sensitive plant. 'Crimson Sweet' [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Matsum. & Nakai.] watermelon seedlings were grown in a greenhouse with a temperature regime of 25ºC (day) and 20ºC (night). Five-day-old seedlings were sprayed with 10^{-4} M cis, trans-abscisic acid 15 hours prior to being exposed to 1.5 ± 0.5ºC for 24 hours in a dark …

Effects Of Seed Origin And Site On Wood Density Of Sitka Spruce (Picea Sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) Grown In Britain, İlker Usta, Mike Hale

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Since density may have a direct influence on wood properties and because density is a factor under genetic control, this study details the effects of seed origins and sites on density. In addition to seed origins, its variability both within and between trees was also examined. In this case, the variation in density was investigated in eight seed origins of Sitka spruce (Alaska-AL, British Columbia-BC, Queen Charlotte Islands-QCI, North Washington-NW, South Washington-SW, North Oregon-NO, South Oregon-SO, and California-CA) grown at two sites in Britain (Dalby: Eastern England and Rhondda: South Wales). For this purpose, the five trees of each seed …

Factors Affecting The Production Of E1 Type Particleboard, Gökay Nemli̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study aimed to determine the best manufacturing variables for the high physical and mechanical properties, and formaldehyde emission of particleboards produced from E_1 type adhesive. In the production of particleboards, two different press temperatures, press times, pressures and three different adhesive use ratios were used. The best manufacturing variables were determined for the particleboard produced from E_1 type adhesive. The effects of these manufacturing variables on formaldehyde emission, bending strength, internal bonding strength and thickness swelling were investigated. According to the results, when the E_1 type adhesive was employed, the use of 11% and 9% adhesive use ratios for …

Hydraulic Conductivity Evaluation For A Drainage Simulation Model (Drainmod), Teki̇n Özteki̇n

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable saturated hydraulic conductivity (K) values as input into DRAINMOD among a range of K data sets developed for the drainage experiment site in North Central Ohio using seven different K estimation methods. The K methods evaluated were monolith, core, auger-hole, MUUF soil database, and using the Hooghoudt, Kirkham, and van Schilfgaarde equations with water table drawdown and drainage discharge data. Simulations using DRAINMOD (Version 4.6) were conducted for the years 1962-1964 and 1967-1971, and runoff and drain discharge predictions were compared with measured discharges. The analyses showed that none …

Estimation Of Instantaneous Peak Flows In Seyhan River Basin Using Regional Regression Procedures, Fati̇h Topaloğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Multivariate procedures for estimating instantaneous flood flows for various return periods in Seyhan river basin are presented in the study. Procedures aim at developing regression equations uscable for the basin using annual peak instantaneous flows, climatic and morphometric charactcristics. It was determined that best subset analysis gave the highest determination coefficients (91.0%

An Estimation Of The Recreational Use Value Of Kursunlu Waterfall Nature Park By The Individual Travel Cost Method, Veli̇ Ortaçeşme, Burhan Özkan, Osman Karagüzel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The recreational use value of Kursunlu Waterfall Nature Park in the Antalya province of Turkey was studied by using the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM). For this purpose, 500 on-site questionnaires were administered between September 1998 and June 1999. By applying certain criteria to these questionnaires, 280 cases were selected for economic analysis. The number of visits made by individuals was used as the dependent variable, while travel costs of individuals to the Park, socio-economic variables (age, education and household income) and alternative sites were selected as the independent variables in the demand model of the Park. A semi-log functional …

Sampling Sunn Pest (Eurygaster Integriceps Puton) In Overwintering Sites In Northern Syria, Bruce L. Parker, Scott D. Costa, Margaret Skinner, Mustapha El Bouhssini

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Sampling statistics for development of a sampling plan for adult Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, in their overwintering habitat were generated based on numbers of live and total adults in 1 to 4 litter samples per tree. Taylor's power law was used to estimate optimum sample size, critical stop lines for sequential sampling and a sequential difference test. Sunn Pest were found primarily nearer to tree boles and had an aggregated distribution among trees. There was more statistical and practical advantage to taking 1 sample per tree and increasing the number of trees sampled, rather than in increasing the number …

Development, Survival And Reproduction Of Three Coccinellids Feeding On Hyalopterus Pruni (Geoffer) (Homoptera: Aphididae), Remzi̇ Atlihan, Mehmet Bora Kaydan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The development, survival and fecundity of three aphidophagus coccinellid species, Scymnus apetzi (Mulsant), Scymnus subvillosus (Goeze) and Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze), were studied under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1, 65 ± 5% RH and 16 L/8D). Development time from egg to adult was 20.4, 17.1 and 16.7 days for S. apetzi, S. subvillosus and E. nigromaculatus, respectively. Mortality rate from egg to adulthood was highest for S. apetzi (37.9%) followed by S. subvillosus (36.3%) and E. nigromaculatus (25.7%). Duration of the oviposition period was 58.6, 64.9 and 75.3 days, and the total number of eggs per female was 492.8, 224.9 and …

Microscopic Evaluation Of Interactions Between Varieties Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Challenged By Peronospora Parasitica, Fi̇gen Mert Türk

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Peronospora parasitica (Pers ex Fr.) Pers. is an obligate biotrophic pathogen that causes downy mildew in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. In this study, cotyledons of four A. thaliana varieties were inoculated with the Cala2 isolate of P. parasitica and the degree of susceptibility was observed under the microscope 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after inoculation (DAI). Microscopic examination of infected tissues revealed that early restriction of the pathogen was accompanied by a hypersensitive response (HR) characterised by autofluorescence under UV or blue light excitation. All haustoria, if visible at all, formed in the cells that underwent the HR in …

Root Yield And Quality Of Sugarbeet In Relation To Sowing Date, Plant Population And Harvesting Date Interactions, Ramazan Çakmakçi, Erol Oral

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Sowing date, plant density and harvest date are important factors affecting root yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The effects of sowing date (beginning of April, mid-April, the end of April, mid-May, and the end of May), plant density, and harvest date (the end of September and mid-October) on sugar beet yield and quality were studied in trials in the Eastern Anatolia region on a loam soil in 1994-97. Variation in plant density was obtained by combining two seed distances and two target emergence percentages. Plant populations for the different treatments reached 55 500, 73 000, 88 …

Kinetic Studies With Crude Tomato Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Emi̇n Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Tomato alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is very important in the formation of fresh tomato aroma volatiles. The kinetic characterization and isolation of this enzyme may promote some in vitro applications. Kinetic studies of crude tomato ADH associated with NAD^+ cofactor revealed Km values of 2.03 mM for ethanol and 0.064 mM for NAD^+, a Vmax value of 24.51 µM/min, and an activation energy of 0.0208 kcal/mole. Variable pH measurements indicated that the enzyme is optimally active in a narrow range above pH 8.5. Dalziel coefficients were consistent with a sequential but not ordered mechanism. Also the enzyme was found to be …

Principal Mechanical Properties Of Eastern Beech Wood (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) Naturally Grown In Andırın Northeastern Mediterranean Region Of Turkey, İbrahi̇m Bektaş, Cengi̇z Güler, M. Altay Baştürk

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this study was to determine some mechanical properties (compression, static bending, impact bending and shear strengths) of Eastern beech wood (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and to compare with them other beech species. In the tests, randomly selected logs taken from the trunk 2-4 m height were obtained from trees naturally growing in Andırın (Northeastern Mediterranean region) and these logs were prepared and tested according to Turkish standards. The results showed that the mean compression strength was 606 kgcm^{-2}, static bending strength 1204 kgcm^{-2}, impact bending strength 0.85 kgmcm^{-2} and shear strength 99 kgcm^{-2}. The relations of strengths with …

Satellite Monitoring Of Land Cover / Land Use Change Over 15 Years And Its Impact On The Environment In Gebze / Kocaeli - Turkey, Hülya Yildirim, Mehmet Emi̇n Özel, Nalan Jale Di̇van, Alparslan Akça

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The rapid industrialisation of an area requires quick preparation of actual land-cover/land-use (LC/LU) maps in order to detect and avoid overuse and damaging of the landscape beyond sustainable development limits. Satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System technologies fit very well for long-term monitoring and assessment of such effects. As a pilot area for the use of such technologies, Gebze district near metropolitan Istanbul is considered. The study is centred on the documentation of LC/LU changes resulting from fast and mostly unregulated industrialisation and urbanisation over the period 1986 - 1998 by satellite images of the area. A comparison is …

Irrigation Scheduling Of Drip-Irrigated Tomatoes Using Class A Pan Evaporation, Öner Çeti̇n, Osman Yildirim, Demet Uygan, Hasan Boyaci

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to investigate the irrigation schedule of drip-irrigated tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Dual Large, F 1) using Class A pan evaporation. Tomatoes plants were grown in a clay soil in the experimental fields of the Research Institute of Rural Services in Eskişehir between 1998 and 2000. Irrigation water was applied as a certain ratio of Class A pan evaporation (k_{pc} = 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25) with different irrigation intervals (2, 4, and 6 days). Significant differences in fruit yields were obtained between the treatments, except for in 1998. Maximum marketable fruit yield was found at …

Simulating Water Flow To A Subsurface Drain In A Layered Soil, Teki̇n Özteki̇n

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The objective of the work presented in this paper was to simulate drain flow into subsurface drainage pipes for a layered soil profile using a finite element based HYDRUS-2D model. Data from the drainage experiment in North Central Ohio were used as input to the model. Studies were conducted to determine the ability of the model to predict drain discharge-water table elevation relationships. The model was also used to evaluate the effect of backfill on drain discharge-water table elevation relationships. HYDRUS-2D underpredicted drain discharge compared to the empirical and Kirkham-Hooghoudt equations for water table elevations above 70 cm. However, HYDRUS-2D …

Determining Suitable Probability Distribution Models For Flow And Precipitation Series Of The Seyhan River Basin, Fati̇h Topaloğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The frequency analysis of the largest, or the smallest, of a sequence of hydrologic events has long been an essential part of the design of hydraulic structures. Therefore, the question of better fit among countless probability models used in frequency analysis is always a fresh one. The purpose of this study was to make a statistical comparison of currently popular probability models. Therefore, Gumbel, log-Logistic, Pearson-3, log-Pearson-3 and log-Normal-3 distributions were applied to the series of annual instantaneous flood peaks and annual peak daily precipitation for 13 flow gauging and 55 precipitation gauging stations in the Seyhan basin, respectively. The …

Determination Of Genetic Variation In Populations Of Bemisia Tabaci In Antalya, Hüseyi̇n Göçmen, Zübeyi̇r Devran

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Although a number of investigations on the molecular genetics of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) have appeared in the literature, no such studies are known from Turkey. In order to fill this gap the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to assay eight populations of B. tabaci collected from cotton, protected vegetables (tomato, cucumber and eggplant) and peppermint in various locations in the province of Antalya, Turkey. Eleven AFLP primer pairs detected a total of 547 AFLP fragments in these populations and 389 of these showed polymorphism. Cluster analyses of AFLP data clearly separated these populations into two groups with …

Some Agronomical Characteristics Of Doubled Haploid Lines Produced By Irradiated Pollen Technique And Parental Diploid Genotypes In Melons, Nebahat Sari, Hali̇t Yeti̇şi̇r

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University in spring 1999 and 2000. In the study, 46 doubled haploid lines produced by irradiated pollen technique and 10 original diploid genotypes were used as plant materials. To investigate inbreeding depression in melons, doubled haploid lines and original diploid parental lines were compared with regard to plant vigor, yield and quality. Various plant growth and fruit characteristics were determined over two years. These were plant main stem height, node number, main stem diameter, earliness and total yield, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, rind thickness, …

Selection Of Promising Jojoba (Simmondsia Chinensis Link Schneider) Types In Terms Of Yield And Oil Content, Sali̇h Ülger, Özgür Akdeşi̇r, İbrahi̇m Baktir

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This experiment was carried out to determine the yield and oil contents of jojoba populations that were derived from a base population raised from seed in Antalya between 1999 and 2001. In the first year 59 types were evaluated, and 19 promising types were determined. In the second and third years experiments were conducted on these 19 types. Chilling, insect and disease damage was not seen during the experiment periods. However, some plants were dead where water ponded after heavy rains. The mature seeds were hand collected after they fell onto the soil in September, and their yield and oil …

The Possibilities Of Using Pheromone Traps And Total Thermal Summation In Estimating Adult Emergence Of Pectinophora Gossypiella (Saund.), A Pest Of Cotton Growing Areas In Amik Plain, Cafer Mart, Oğuzhan Doğanlar, Şener Tarla

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In 1996-1999, studies on the utilization of pheromone traps for the estimation of adult emergence and the observation of the seasonal population dynamics of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.), which tends to spread in cotton growing areas, and on the determination of day-degree values for its biological stages were carried out in Amik Plain. It was found that adult emergence of the overwintering generation first occurred between late April and early May and lasted for 2-2.5 months. The effective total summation for first adult emergence was 136.43, 137.43 and 186.95 day-degree, and that for maximum adult emergence was 570.80, 460.23 and 479.35 …