Life Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Perilla Extract On The Oxidative Stability Of Schizochytrium Oil, Lin Rong-Fang, Gao Li-Wei, Xu Meng-Hao, Zhao Xiang-Zhong

Food and Machinery

Objective: The effect of perilla extract on the stability of Schizochytrium oil was investigated. Methods: With peroxide value, malondialdehyde value, anisidine value, and conjugated diene value as evaluation indicators, the effects of different concentrations of perilla extract, 0.04% tea polyphenols and 0.02% TBHQ on the oxidation stability of Schizochytrium oil was explored by forced oxidation method, respectively. A gas-mass spectrometry was used to detect the changes of fatty acid composition in Schizochytrium oil. Results: After 15 d of forced oxidation, the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the 0.10% perilla extract group was increased by 16.91%, compared to the blank …

Apple Surface Defect Detection Method Based On Fusion Of Infrared And Visible Images, Wang Yun-Peng, Si Hai-Ping, Song Jia-Zhen, Wan Li

Food and Machinery

Objective: To solve the current situation of manual screening in most cases of Chinese apple classification. Methods: The infrared and visible image fusion algorithm based on multi-scale transformation was used to fuse the collected visible image and infrared image of the apple to obtain a more intuitive fusion image with defect characteristics, and performed image preprocessing operations on the image to obtain a binary value. The image data set was transformed, and then the AlexNet model of the convolutional neural network was used to train, verify and detect the previous Apple surface defect data set. Results: The detection method has …

Fatty Acid Composition Analysis And Antioxidant Activity Of Watermelon Seed Oil, Pan Peng-Hui, Luo Wei-Qiang, Mo Dan, Pang Xiao

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study focused on the fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of watermelon seed oil. Methods: The watermelon seed oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction from the watermelon seed, then the watermelon seed oil was esterified. Thereafter, the components and the contents of watermelon seed oil were analyzed and detected used the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the antioxidant activity of watermelon seed oil was studied by measuring its ability to reduce iron ions and scavenge DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion. Results: The results of GC-MS showed that there were 6 fatty acids in watermelon …

Prediction Model Building For Finished Tobacco Quality Based On Miv-Bp Neural Network, Zhuo Ming, Wang Peng, Wang Kai-Kui

Food and Machinery

Objective: The simulation and prediction model between the process of silk making and the quality of finished tobacco was established. Methods: The average influence value method was used to screen the process parameters in the process of making silk, and then a simulation model of the key process parameters of the silk and the quality of the final tobacco was constructed through the Back-Propagation neural network. Results: Comparing the simulated data with the measured data, the average relative error of the simulated prediction of the filling value was 3.16%; the average relative error of the simulated prediction of the whole …

Optimization Of The Formula Of Highly Elastic Vegetarian Sausage, Qin Jian-Peng, Ma Xiao-Xiao, Yu De-Yang, Chen Yuan-Yuan, Ma Li-Zhen

Food and Machinery

Objective：

Research Progress In Aptasensors For The Detection Of Kanamycin Residues In Animal-Derived Foods, Ma Jing-Yi, Tian Bing, Wang Xin, Tao Xiao-Qi

Food and Machinery

The research progress in aptasensors for the detection of kanamycin residues in animal-derived foods was summarized. The principles of the colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical methods, and surface-enhanced raman scattering and so on were outlined. Then the advantages and drawbacks of the above detection methods, and aptamer sequences used were summarized. Moreover, the development of aptasensors for kanamycin detection was prospected.

Application And Progress Of Molecularly Imprinted Sensors In Mycotoxins Detection, Ding Tong-Ying, Yuan Hang

Food and Machinery

This article reviews the principle and classification of molecularly imprinted sensors （MIS）, focuses on the research results and application status of MIS in mycotoxin detection, and provides reference for better application of MIS to its future development direction.

Application Progress Of Chromatographic Technology In The Separation And Purification Of Flavonoids, Yang Fa-Rong, Jing Lian-Peng, Gu Li-Li, Shang Guan-Lan, Li Rui-Dong

Food and Machinery

In this review, the application of chromatographic techniques in the separation and purification of flavonoids was summarized. The usage of column chromatography, pre-high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, high-speed countercurrent chromatography and a combination of multiple chromatography methods were also reviewed. The development direction of preparative liquid chromatography columns, the optimization of solvent system for high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the use of multi-dimensional chromatography systems were prospected.

Research On Functional Activities Of Organic Acids In Edible Plant Ferment, Huang Ying, Ren Ting-Yuan, Wan Hong-Qiong, Xie Jiao

Food and Machinery

The composition of organic acids in enzyme products and their dynamic changes during fermentation process were reviewed, and the function activities of organic acids in enzyme products beneficial to human health, such as antioxidant, adjustment of intestinal flora, enhancement of satiety, anti-tumor, etc were summarized. Moreover, the evaluation system and mechanism of organic acids in edible enzymes were proposed to be further studied.

Research Progress On The Application Of Blending Automation In The Production Of Baijiu, Han Qiang, Liu Xin, Zhou Yong-Shuai, Tuo Xian-Guo, Zhang Liang

Food and Machinery

The article briefly describes the blending process and its importance in the production process of Baijiu, and elaborates on the current status of the application of blending recipes, automation control, computers and other technologies in the blending of Baijiu; addresses the current difficulties in blending research and implementation, summarises the shortcomings at this stage from both the researcher's and the company's perspectives, and provides an outlook on future directions for improvement.

Reconstruction Of Branded Leisure Food Supply Chain Under The Background Of Business Model Innovation, Li Xia, Lu Yue, Li Feng-Ting, Wang Pei-Pei

Food and Machinery

The paper proposed that branded leisure food companies should keep up with the pace of business model innovation, reduce production costs, expand product sales channels and improve logistics efficiency by analyzing the problems of traditional Branded Leisure Food Supply Chain（BLFSC） under the E-commerce model. Additionally, it is pointed out that branded leisure food companies urgently need restructure and improve the overall circulation efficiency of BLFSC under the background of innovative business models.

Importance Of Haresfoot Clover (Trifolium Arvense) As A Nitrogen Fixer In Semi-Arid Grasslands Of New Zealand, C. C. Boswell, W. L. Lowther, P. R. Espie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of annual haresfoot clover (Trifolium arvense) in a depleted indigenous short tussock grassland catchment in the dry subhumid MacKenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand. Haresfoot clover was present on all landscapes, and widely distributed on lower sunny aspects, suggesting that it is an important component of the nitrogen cycle in these environments even in the absence of fertiliser application. The study was conducted during an atypically moist summer when a bloom of the annual clover occurred. Nitrogen inputs will vary with landscape and spring/summer rainfall and it is …

The Future For Savanna And Tropical Grasslands: A Latin American Perspective, R. R. Vera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the paper is to briefly review the main trends in the tropical lowlands of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) with particular emphasis in the neotropical savannas. These tropical native grasslands cover occupy approximately 210 million hectares, and constitute major portions of the territory of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela. Many analysts consider that intensification of their use is a valid alternative to the expansion of the livestock and crop industries into the rainforest.

The evidence reviewed shows that since the late 1980s, the LAC agricultural sector has shown dynamism not seen for many years. Despite …

Ecophysiology And Management Response Of The Subtropical Grasslands Of Southern South America, E. J. Berretta

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The subtropical grasslands of Southern South America (campos) are located approximately in the range of 24° S to 37° S latitude. These grasslands are dominated by C₃ and C₄ grasses, and in a lesser extent to herbaceous plants, shrubs and dispersed trees, with some exceptions in particular regions. Previous to the introduction of large herbivores, at the beginning of the XVII century, like cattle and horses, shrubs and tall grasses dominated the vegetation. Then, associated with greater grazing pressure and partially due to fire, the original campos are maintained, actually in a pseudo-climax herbaceous phase. These native communities …

Goats To Control The Encroachment Of Undesirable Brush And Woody Species In Cattle Pastures, J-M. Luginbuhl, J. T. Green Jr., M. H. Poore, A. C. Conrad

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Field studies were initiated in an abandoned, overgrown 8.4 ha orchard left untouched for 15 years to evaluate the effectiveness of using goats (Capra hircus hircus) to manage undesirable vegetation. Goats alone (G: 30 does/ha) or cattle (Bos taurus) with goats (GC:17 does/ha and 3 steers/ha) were mob-grazed twice a year during four grazing seasons. Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.) canopy area decreased from 12 to 2.5 m² in grazed pastures and multiflora rose live canes were 100% in the control, 0% in G, and only 8% in GC at the completion of the …

Herbaceous Vegetation Dynamic After Cut And Burn Shrub Plants In Southern Brazil, A. M. Girardi-Deiro, M. L. Porto, J. Riboldi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A savanna area at "Serra do Sudeste" in southern Brazil, was studied during four years to evaluate the influence of cutting and burning shrub plants on dynamic of herbaceous vegetation. The cover of each species in 44 permanent quadrats (0,25 m²) and in each area (cut and burned) was evaluated. The results suggested that grasses and legumes were favored by cutting shrub plants. Burning favored forbs in the first years after disturbance and retarded the development of native forage species desirable for grazing.

Characterization Of Forage Selected By Cattle On Communal Range In Manhiça, Mozambique, O. Faftine, A. Alage, J. P. Muir

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage selection by 10 cattle herds was observed monthly over 2 years on a communal rangeland. Plants grazed were hand-plucked as representative of both species and plant portions being cropped by cattle. Herds were led to green pasture year-round. Nutrient concentration of species and plant portions selected by cattle indicated adequate crude protein and calcium but phosphorus deficiency during the dry season. Well-drained escarpments and uplands were more important during the rains while upland depressions and the Nkomati valley were essential for adequate forage intake during the dry seasons.

Deforestation For Pasture Development – Has It Been Worth It?, W. H. Burrows

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Differing scenarios leading to deforestation for pasture development in savanna (woodland) and closed forest communities in the tropics – sub-tropics are compared and contrasted. Australian and Brazilian examples are highlighted. No simple answer is given to the question of whether deforestation for pasture development has been worth it, since both commercial and non-commercial values have equal validity and need to be taken into account. These issues are addressed in the context of land assigned by governments for agricultural purposes. It is concluded that technology and ecological understanding are now available to maintain sustainable production from converted forest systems. However emphasis …

Back To The Future – Pastoral Land Use In A Forest Land – Sustainability Challenges For The 21St Century, J. Morgan Williams

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To contribute meaningfully to a session entitled “Deforestation” with a proposed paper title of “Trees in Pastoral Zones; Landuse Standards in the 21^st Century” necessitates I carefully define the scope of my contribution. My paper will draw on my experiences as an ecologist working in the pastoral lands of New Zealand in roles that have led me to delve increasingly into what constitutes sustainability (of people, land and economy) for a tiny multicultural nation maturing amidst the remnants of a unique Gondwanaland ecosystem. As New Zealand’s Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment (PCE) I now examine a very wide range …

Carbon Accumulation In Soils Under Brachiaria Pastures In The Atlantic Forest Region Of The South Of Bahia, Brazil, R. M. Tarré, R. Macedo, R. B. Cantarutti, C. De P. Rezende, J. M. Pereira, E. Ferreira, B. J. R. Alves, S. Urquiaga, R. M. Boddey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to investigate the change in carbon stocks in soil following deforestation of the Atlantic forest in the South of Bahia State (Brazil) and replacement with productive pastures of Brachiaria humidicola either in monoculture or with the introduction of the forage legume Desmodium ovalifolium. Carbon stocks in the 0-30 cm layer were 44.5 Mg ha^-1 under the original forest and found to be approximately 42 Mg ha^-1 C 10 years later. At this time pastures of B. humidicola with or without the presence of D. ovalifolium were formed and grazed continuously for …

Potential Role Of Native Bush In The Chaco For Mitigation Of Dryland Salinity In Grassland, A. Glatzle, R. Schultze-Kraft, R. Mitlöhner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There is a zone of some 3.000.000 ha with an elevated dryland salinity risk in the Paraguayan Chaco due to a shallow saline ground water table. Evidence is shown of the crucial role native bush seems to play in keeping the water table at a low level and reducing therefore the risk of soil salinisation. In this paper a planned field experiment is outlined to define the tolerable level of deforestation and pasture establishment for a sylvopastoral production system in the Chacoan zone prone to dryland salinity.

Mathematical Model Of The Efficiency Of Investments Aimed In The Implementation Of Water-Saving Technologies

Irrigation and Melioration

In Uzbekistan, research work is being carried out aimed at improving the economic mechanisms for the introduction of water-saving technologies for irrigating agricultural crops. At the same time, the issues related to the analysis of the effectiveness of the use of water-saving technologies when irrigating cotton, the development of mathematical methods for assessing the effectiveness of investments, as well as their introduction into practice have not been sufficiently studied. This article provides a mathematical model of the efficiency of investments aimed at introducing water-saving technologies. The results of a numerical experiment of a mathematical model show that the introduction of …

Efficient Use Of Water Resources In The Basins Of Small Rivers, F. Gapparov, M.F. Gafforova

Irrigation and Melioration

The article provides a recommendation for the efficient use of water resources in the basins of small foothill rivers. The research was carried out on the example of the Govasay river basin located in the northern part of the Fergana Valley. The efficiency factor of the canal has been determined and a technical assessment has been given for the management of water resources in the river basin; the efficiency of the canal is 65-75%. A program for the operational management of water resources in The Govasay river basin and a GIS map of water consumers in the Govasay river basin …

Model Of Groundwater Level Control Using Horizontal Drainage, A. Arifjanov, M. Otaxonov, Z. Abdulkhaev

Irrigation and Melioration

The article describes the main factors affecting the rise in the level of groundwater in the city of Fergana and ways to eliminate them. Currently, in order to reduce the negative impact of rising groundwater levels on the environment, crops, buildings and structures, as well as underground utilities, it is proposed to design horizontal drainage in urban areas and a mathematical model has been developed for changing the groundwater level. For this, long-term data from observation wells were analyzed and the hydraulic parameters of horizontal drainage were selected taking into account the hydrogeology of the area. Taking into account the …

Results Of Proximate Analysis Of Energy Use Of Municipal Solid Waste, N.N. Abduganiev

Irrigation and Melioration

In the modern industrialized world, various raw materials are processed and used for human consumption. While some of the raw materials are converted into the desired product, the rest is thrown into the environment as waste. It is known that solid waste is a type of biomass that is formed in the course of human life. The article presents the results of a preliminary analysis of studies on the use of solid waste energy in the Urta-Chirchik district of the Tashkent region. Sorting results showed that the total volume of municipal solid waste in the district consists mainly of wood …

Shredding Of Cotton Stalks Under The Action Of Toothpicks In A Combined Unit, B. Khudayarov, U. Kuziev, B. Sarimsakov, М. Kholbutaev

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents materials devoted to the justification of the parameters of the crown-wheel of the combined aggreagate. The technological process of work and the design of the working part, which is crushed by crushing cotton stalks, without breaking them, laying them on the movement of the unit, has been substantiated and developed. The optimal parameters of the crown-wheel and the tooth are determined by solving the regression equations that determine the optimal values of the vertical load on the teeth and its working quality. The results of theoretical and experimental research show that the amount of crushing of cotton …

Influence Of Electrophysical Methods On The Processes Of Root Formation Of Grapes, N.M. Markayev

Irrigation and Melioration

The article describes the possibilities of electrophysical processing before planting cuttings during vegetative cultivation of grape seedlings. The processes of root formation in cuttings using the electrophysical method in the article Acceleration of the process of root formation in cuttings of black raisins, treated at 71 V/m and an electric field strength of 15 hours, and an increase in the viability, quality, growth and survival of rooted seedlings up to 16.67-34% Presented the results of experiments on the increase and methods of electrotechnological processing of grape cuttings. The result of the study is the analysis and results of the processes …

Conditions, Criteria And Principles For Creating An Agri-Cultural Land Market In Uzbekistan, A.R. Nurnazarov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article analyzes the prerequisites for creating a market for agricultural land in the Republic of Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to land reform, land degradation (reduction of the bonitet score from 60 in 1991 to 50 or more at present, pasture degradation by 20-30%) and increase in economic from their use, the role of land rent in payments for land. 6 basic principles for creating a land market have been established and systematized, the relationship between X-rays and water in the irrigated farming zone, the role of the market in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of …

Economic Assessment Of The Effect Of Family Income On Students' Disciplines, Sh.A. Muratov

Irrigation and Melioration

The importance of higher education in scientific research, its role in poverty reduction and population growth has been studied theoretically. Also, when using the data of social surveys conducted by 538 respondents (students) studying in higher education institutions, they were awarded the Order of the logistics regulator in the economic assessment of the factors influencing the rate of mastery of disciplines. Factors influencing the acquisition of subjects by students: the main income of the family comes from non-farm (69,9 %), sex (52,2 %), studying at a higher education institution on a state grant (108,8 %), the student's course of study …

Innovative Rotor Casing And Leveling Apron For Combined Tillage Machine, A.A. Akhmetov, L.B. Muratov

Irrigation and Melioration

Investigations of the design of a combined machine equipped with an innovative casing and a leveler apron are presented, and the parameters of the leveler apron are substantiated. It was experimentally established that when the height of the drawing prism is exceeded by more than 200 mm, due to the falling of the crumbling part of the soil onto the rotor, the soil is thrown forward in the direction of the machine. Therefore, to eliminate soil waste, it is necessary either to reduce the height of the drag prism, or to increase the distance between the rotor and the leveling …