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2021

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Enzybiotic Therapy As Treatment For Mrsa, Rachel Finkelstein Jan 2021

Enzybiotic Therapy As Treatment For Mrsa, Rachel Finkelstein

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

This paper reviews the antibacterial potential of enzybiotics against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Due to the increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance, researchers are looking to make use of the natural antibacterial qualities of virus bacteriophages, viral derived lysins, and antimicrobial peptides to fight MRSA infections. The efficacy of bacteriophages, endolysins, and bacteriocins as potential antibacterial agents against MRSA was extensively researched through Touro’s online library database. Each of their mechanisms of action allows them to effectively lyse S. aureus cells, by essentially disrupting the peptidoglycan in the cell wall, causing it to burst. The narrow host range of these antimicrobials …


Dance Training And Delayed Maturation, Shira Heavenrich Jan 2021

Dance Training And Delayed Maturation, Shira Heavenrich

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The physiological effects of early childhood dance training are constantly being explored and adjusted. It was observed that children in training experience a higher than normal percentage of delayed maturation, both in puberty and bone development. It was suggested that the environmental conditions in which dancers practice, such as malnutrition and too much time spent indoors, as well as biological factors, contribute to the hormonal and cellular disruptions responsible for late development. Undernourishment, as is common in dancers, was found to have a direct correlation with reproductive hormone levels, including reduction in gonadotropin- releasing hormone secretion as well as lower …


Developing Approaches Towards The Treatment Of Covid-19, Chana Weis Jan 2021

Developing Approaches Towards The Treatment Of Covid-19, Chana Weis

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

In late 2019 a newly identified strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 emerged, causing a worldwide pandemic of respiratory illness, Covid-19. Covid-19 has drastically transformed the world in numerous ways. The virus is highly contagious and, in some cases, fatal. A successful cure has not yet been discovered and therefore society is urged to take proper precautions to prevent the spread of the potentially fatal virus. This paper analyzes the proper precautions that should be taken as well as the ongoing research that has been done to stop the spread of the virus.


The Role Of Immunotherapy In Treating High-Risk Neuroblastoma, Mollie Raczkowski Jan 2021

The Role Of Immunotherapy In Treating High-Risk Neuroblastoma, Mollie Raczkowski

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Neuroblastoma originates from the cells in the neural crest. High-risk neuroblastoma, patients have poor outcomes even with the multi-step treatment plans, including immunotherapy maintenance treatment. Researchers in developmental biology search for unique antigens in neuroblastoma cells to utilize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Currently, GD2 is the most effective antigen that scientists have isolated in the tumor; these anti-GD2 mAbs are administered in the forms of Dinutuximab or Dinutuximab beta to attack the tumor. Monoclonal antibodies are currently administered in neuroblastoma instead of CAR T (that has seen success in curing different types of leukemias) due to the heterogeneity of this tumor. …


Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review, Eliyahu Greenberg Jan 2021

Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review, Eliyahu Greenberg

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeleton that becomes more common with advanced age, especially in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures, thereby reducing the quality of life for those who suffer from it. Due to the aging population, direct costs resulting from osteoporosis are projected to reach upward of $25 billion per year by 2025. The main pharmaceuticals primarily target osteoclasts. Exercise may be an effective method of preventing osteoporosis, although more research needs to be done. More research should be conducted to explore potential ways to enhance osteoblastic activity as a method to treat and/or reverse …


Understanding Pathophysiology Of Nonsyndromic Autism By Examining And Extrapolating From Syndromic Variants, Alexander Labkowsky Jan 2021

Understanding Pathophysiology Of Nonsyndromic Autism By Examining And Extrapolating From Syndromic Variants, Alexander Labkowsky

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a broad, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder encompassing a range of presentation and severity. The common characteristics include communication deficits, impaired social skills, dependency on routine, sensitivity to environmental change, and stereotyped behavior (DSM-5, 2013). When ASD is accompanied by a host of other symptoms it is often referred to as syndromic autism. Syndromic autism is usually severe and can usually be traced to deletions or duplications on a specific gene. These monogenic disorders are by definition easier to diagnose and are good candidates for study since specific biological markers can be assessed and tracked. There have …


Full Issue: Volume 15, Number 1, Fall 2021 Jan 2021

Full Issue: Volume 15, Number 1, Fall 2021

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Complete .pdf file of Volume 15, Number 1 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Fall 2021.


Etiology And Associations Of Oral And Oropharyngeal Cancer, Aron Yaghar Jan 2021

Etiology And Associations Of Oral And Oropharyngeal Cancer, Aron Yaghar

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

This research paper discusses oral cavity cancer, which is one of the 11th most common cancers in the world. According to newer research, some important possible causes include smokeless tobacco, marijuana, and citrus fruits. Some research attributes it to one’s genetic makeup and include exposure to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus, all in conjunction with one’s age. In this research paper, each of these factors are discussed in depth, and their association with this illness is considered and debated. Review of the literature reveals that the high concentrations of nicotine found in smokeless tobacco products is deleterious …


The Riddle Of The Fetal Allograft, Rachel Tepper Jan 2021

The Riddle Of The Fetal Allograft, Rachel Tepper

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The immunological paradox of nurturing a fetus with paternal antigens poses some perplexing questions. Peter Medawar, an immunologist, asked at a lecture, “How does the pregnant mother contrive to nourish within itself, for many weeks or months, a fetus that is an antigenically foreign body?” Researchers have since then struggled to answer this question. The research on this topic has led to a few general hypotheses that try to explain this phenomenon. The downregulation of T cells toward paternal alloantigens is an accepted hypothesis. Another hypothesis discusses the significance of the decidua and its ability to impair dendritic cells, which …


What Common Factors May Influence The Success Of Dental Implant?, Yehuda Taavar Jan 2021

What Common Factors May Influence The Success Of Dental Implant?, Yehuda Taavar

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The aim of this study is to investigate the common factors that may influence the success of dental implants. Addressing these factors may potentially aid experts in the field in delivering dental implants without approaching or decreasing the number of failures. Smoking, diabetes, implant maintenance, age, and implant size have significantly influenced implant success. It is suggested that patients are advised to quit smoking at least one week before surgery to minimize risk factors. Inadequate glycemic control also contributes to periodontal destruction and is associated with the severity of peri-implant complications. However, if patients maintain good glycemic control, dental implants …


Can Robotic Exoskeletons Improve Gait In Ms Patients?, Chana Weinberg Jan 2021

Can Robotic Exoskeletons Improve Gait In Ms Patients?, Chana Weinberg

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder that affects about one million people in the United States. The disease results from an abnormal immune response where T cells damage the myelin sheath in the central nervous system, causing scarring. The lesions can occur in any part of the brain or spinal cord, and thus affects every patient differently. One of the most detrimental effects the disease has on patients’ lives is the decreased ability to walk. There has been research and treatments to manage pain and slow progression of the disease, but little progress has been made to enable MS …


What Is The Safest And Most Effective Method Of Repairing Myelomeningocele?, Matti Klein Jan 2021

What Is The Safest And Most Effective Method Of Repairing Myelomeningocele?, Matti Klein

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Spina bifida is one of the most common NTD’s (neural tube defects) to occur during embryonic development, when the neural tube fails to close properly during neurulation. Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of spina bifida. Characterized by an open posterior neuropore with meninges and parts of the spinal cord protruding from the fetus’s body, it manifests in a variety of physical and neurological symptoms that vary both by the individual and by the state of the lesion. Until the late 1990’s, the standard course of treatment was surgical closure of the lesion at birth, followed by standard protocols and …


What Is The Underlying Cause Of Infantile Colic?, Tamar Itzkowitz Jan 2021

What Is The Underlying Cause Of Infantile Colic?, Tamar Itzkowitz

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Infantile colic (IC) is an important area of current research due to the extreme distress it causes parents and their infants. It is vital that a cause is isolated so that treatment can be found because IC is a risk factor for child abuse. In this paper, two major theories were posed to elucidate the underlying cause of IC—the gastrointestinal model and the neurological model. The gastrointestinal model suggests that IC stems from issues such as an immature gut. The neurological model suggests that infantile migraines are the causative agents of IC. Both theories supply correlational evidence but are subject …


Long-Term Changes In Soil Surface Properties As Affected By Management Practices In A Wheat-Soybean, Double-Crop System, Machaela L. Morrison, Kristofor R. Brye University Of Arkansas Jan 2021

Long-Term Changes In Soil Surface Properties As Affected By Management Practices In A Wheat-Soybean, Double-Crop System, Machaela L. Morrison, Kristofor R. Brye University Of Arkansas

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Long-term agricultural sustainability and productivity are controlled by the integrative effects of different management practices on the soil. Many Arkansas producers use the double-crop system to grow soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of agricultural management practices, including residue level, tillage, irrigation, burning, and soil depth on the change in various soil properties from 2010 to 2020 in a long-term, wheat-soybean, double-crop system on a silt-loam soil (Glossaquic Fraglossudalfs) in eastern Arkansas. Soil nutrients tended to accumulate over time, the most in the top 10 cm, …


The Role Of Peer Irrigators On The Choice And Intensity Of Use Of Irrigation Techniques, Noah Hayward, Kent Kovacs Jan 2021

The Role Of Peer Irrigators On The Choice And Intensity Of Use Of Irrigation Techniques, Noah Hayward, Kent Kovacs

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The use and the proportion of farmland that uses prominent irrigation practices in Arkansas were evaluated. A bivariate sample selection model evaluated the determinants of the share of irrigated land in a farm that uses each practice. In addition, the relationship between the irrigation practices a peer uses and the use and intensity of five common irrigation practices was evaluated. If a peer of an Arkansas farmer used center pivot irrigation, this increased the probability that the farmer used center pivot irrigation by 66 percentage points. A peer that used pivot irrigation decreased the proportion of irrigated land that used …


Exploring How Maternal Phosphorus Status Affects Calf Growth And Performance, Elizabeth Lafferty, Beth Kegley, Brittni Littlejohn, Jeremy Powell Jan 2021

Exploring How Maternal Phosphorus Status Affects Calf Growth And Performance, Elizabeth Lafferty, Beth Kegley, Brittni Littlejohn, Jeremy Powell

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Phosphorus is an important component of bodily functions and is critical for adequate growth and development. This experiment evaluated the effect of maternal phosphorus intake on the growth and health of the calves. Treatments were 1) a free-choice mineral containing no supplemental P or 2) a free-choice mineral with 4% supplemental phosphorus. Primiparous, or pregnant for the first time, crossbred Angus beef cows (n = 36) were stratified by body weight and pregnancy status (bred by artificial insemination or natural service) then assigned to pasture groups (4 groups, 2/treatment, 9 heifers/group). These bred heifers had been receiving these same dietary …


Contents, Discovery Editors Jan 2021

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.


Letter From The Faculty Editor, Beth Kegley Jan 2021

Letter From The Faculty Editor, Beth Kegley

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.


Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors Jan 2021

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.


Featured Faculty Mentor And Student Explore The Dynamics Of This Research Relationship, Alejandro Rojas, Evan Buckner Jan 2021

Featured Faculty Mentor And Student Explore The Dynamics Of This Research Relationship, Alejandro Rojas, Evan Buckner

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.


Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 22 2021, Several Authors Jan 2021

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 22 2021, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.


Baseline Sensitivity To Demethylation Inhibitors Fungicides In Cercospora Spp. And Corynespora Spp. In Arkansas Soybeans, Evan Buckner, Alejandro Rojas Jan 2021

Baseline Sensitivity To Demethylation Inhibitors Fungicides In Cercospora Spp. And Corynespora Spp. In Arkansas Soybeans, Evan Buckner, Alejandro Rojas

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Cercospora spp. and Corynespora spp. are two common foliar fungal pathogens in Arkansas and other soybean-producing areas. Two primary diseases caused by Cercospora spp. are Cercospora Leaf Blight (CLB, caused mainly by C. kikuchii) and Frogeye Leaf Spot (C. sojina). Over time, many fungicides used to combat these diseases have become ineffective as the pathogens have developed a resistance to them. The class of the fungicide in question is Triazoles [Demethylation Inhibitors (DMI)–FRAC 3]. Fifteen isolates consisting of Corynespora cassiicola, Cercospora sojina, and Cercospora flagellaris were tested to determine baseline sensitivities using serial dilutions (0, 0.01, 1, 10, 50 mg/L) …


The Effect Of Whey Protein Supplementation At Breakfast On Tryptophan Levels, Food Intake, And Mood In Postmenopausal Women In A 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial, Danielle L. Lamont, Jamie I. Baum Jan 2021

The Effect Of Whey Protein Supplementation At Breakfast On Tryptophan Levels, Food Intake, And Mood In Postmenopausal Women In A 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial, Danielle L. Lamont, Jamie I. Baum

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Whey protein isolate supplementation has been recognized as having potential for regulating appetite, thereby potentially improving mood and food intake. The objectives of this project were to 1) analyze the effects of high-quality whey protein intake on overall diet and 2) identify and examine a correlation between tryptophan levels and mood regulation. This research was conducted using a randomized experimental design. A total of 13 postmenopausal women (12+ months after last reported menstrual cycle) were recruited and allocated to one of two dietary intervention (DI) groups: 1) control (maintain current lifestyle; CON; n = 6), and 2) whey protein isolate …


Heeding The Call Of Covid-19, David Wiebers, Valery Feigin Jan 2021

Heeding The Call Of Covid-19, David Wiebers, Valery Feigin

Animal Sentience

We are grateful to all of our commentators. They have provided a wide range of valuable perspectives and insights from many fields, revealing a broad interest in the subject matter. Nearly all the commentaries have helped to affirm, refine, expand, amplify, deepen, interpret, elaborate, or apply the messages in the target article. Some have offered critiques and suggestions that help us address certain issues in greater detail, including several points concerning industrialized farming and the wildlife trade. Overall, there is great awareness and strong consensus among commentators that any solution for preventing future pandemics and other related health crises must …


Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2021, Lsu Agcenter Jan 2021

Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2021, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.


In Vitro Investigation On Extracellular Traps Formation Of Cat Polymorphonuclearleucocytes Against Toxoplasma Gondii, Nesli̇han Sürsal Şi̇mşek, Ayşe Çakmak, Kader Yildiz Jan 2021

In Vitro Investigation On Extracellular Traps Formation Of Cat Polymorphonuclearleucocytes Against Toxoplasma Gondii, Nesli̇han Sürsal Şi̇mşek, Ayşe Çakmak, Kader Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Neutrophil granulocytes are one of the most important defenders of the innate immune system in the host. Moreover, neutrophils are able to reach the inflammation area and kill the pathogens using various defense strategies including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, there is still not enough information available regarding the innate immunity against Toxoplasma gondii in cats that are both definitive and intermediate hosts of this parasite. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro NETs formation which is induced by cat polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) against T. gondii tachyzoites. Firstly, PMNs were isolated from cat venous blood samples by using discontinues Percoll dilutions …


Identification Of Novel Genetic Variants For Kap1.1, Kap1.3 And K33 Genes In Some Of Indigenous Goat Breeds Of Turkey, Razi̇ye Işik, Ayla Fi̇dan, Mehmet İhsan Soysal, Emel Özkan Ünal Jan 2021

Identification Of Novel Genetic Variants For Kap1.1, Kap1.3 And K33 Genes In Some Of Indigenous Goat Breeds Of Turkey, Razi̇ye Işik, Ayla Fi̇dan, Mehmet İhsan Soysal, Emel Özkan Ünal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The animal fibres such as mohair, cashmere and cashgora have a complex structure and affected by genetic variation of keratin associated protein genes as KAP 1.1 (Keratin Associated Protein 1.1, formerly known as B2A), KAP1.3 (Keratin Associated Protein 1.3, formerly known as B2C) and K33 (Keratin Intermediate Filaments Type I, formerly known as KRT1.2). Keratin-associated proteins play a significant role in identifying structural and mechanical properties of the hair and wool fibres. This study was conducted to detect genetic variation at the KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and K33 genes in indigenous Turkish goat populations using DNA sequencing method. The DNA of 100 …


Effects Of Partial Replacement Of Conventional Limestone With Dietary Micro-Calciumcarbonate On Performance, Egg Quality, Hematology, And Calcium Metabolism Of Laying Hens During Peak Production, Eyüp Eren Gültepe, Aamir Iqbal, Cangi̇r Uyarlar, İbrahi̇m Sadi̇ Çeti̇ngül, Ümi̇t Özçinar, İsmai̇l Bayram Jan 2021

Effects Of Partial Replacement Of Conventional Limestone With Dietary Micro-Calciumcarbonate On Performance, Egg Quality, Hematology, And Calcium Metabolism Of Laying Hens During Peak Production, Eyüp Eren Gültepe, Aamir Iqbal, Cangi̇r Uyarlar, İbrahi̇m Sadi̇ Çeti̇ngül, Ümi̇t Özçinar, İsmai̇l Bayram

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of limestone replacement with dietary micro-calcium carbonate (MCC) on performance, egg quality, and serum Ca metabolism in peak-phase laying hens. A total of 120 laying hens (30 wk of age) were assigned to 1 control or 4 treatment groups for 8 weeks. Half of the total limestone was replaced by calcite in different particle sizes in the treatment groups (1, 20, 40, and 100 µm) and by fine limestone (~2 mm) in control. During the experiment, egg production and mass decreased (p < 0.05); however, eggshell thickness increased in hens fed with calcite groups compared to the control fed birds. There was a contrast between control vs. treatment, and a negative linear trend (p = 0.11) with the particle sizes for feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded. The different particle size of calcite had no effect on feed consumption, egg quality parameters, and hematology parameters of serum. However, the serum calcium (p = 0.01) and vitamin D (p < 0.0001) levels were affected by calcite, serum parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, phosphorus levels, and Ca:P ratio were not affected. The effects of dietary calcite sources may differ from conventional or nano-sized calcium carbonate sources in laying hens, especially for Vit D metabolism.


In Ovo Feeding Technology: Embryonic Development, Hatchability And Hatching Quality Ofbroiler Chicks, Brian Tainika, Özer Hakan Bayraktar Jan 2021

In Ovo Feeding Technology: Embryonic Development, Hatchability And Hatching Quality Ofbroiler Chicks, Brian Tainika, Özer Hakan Bayraktar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This paper reviewed the effects of in ovo feeding application on incubation performance and chick quality in broilers. Effectiveness of incubation and chick quality in commercial chicken broiler production have a decisive role in production cost as well as efficiency and are a prerequisite for sustainable production. To date, several studies have been done to improve incubation performance and chick quality, and significant gains have been achieved in this area in the last fifty years. The average hatchability and survivability in the sector have reached 85%-90% and 90%-95% respectively, and with new research, theoretical limits have been closely approached. In …


Characterization And Relationship Between Bulk Tank Milk Composition And Compostbedded Variables From Dairy Barns In Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil, Karise Fernanda Nogara, Marcos Busanello, Ione Maria Pereira Haygert-Velho, Maity Zopollatto, Karen Dal Magro Frigeri, Paulo Sergio Goes Almeida Jan 2021

Characterization And Relationship Between Bulk Tank Milk Composition And Compostbedded Variables From Dairy Barns In Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil, Karise Fernanda Nogara, Marcos Busanello, Ione Maria Pereira Haygert-Velho, Maity Zopollatto, Karen Dal Magro Frigeri, Paulo Sergio Goes Almeida

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Studies with compost bedded pack dairy barn system (CBDB) are still recent in Brazil. Thus, we used principal component and canonical correlation analysis to characterize and verify the relationship between compost bedded variables (CB) and bulk tank milk variables (BTM). Data are from 8 dairy farms comprising August to October 2018, in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Results indicated a heterogeneous BTM composition and CB management among dairy farms, besides a strong relationship between the two sets of variables (1st pair, rc = 0.972; p = 0.0253). Linear combination of CB variables explained 31.2% of …