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2021

Journal

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Articles 1 - 20 of 20

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Foliar Applied Boron Not Only Enhances Seed Cotton Yield But Also Improves Fiber Strength And Fineness Of Cotton Cultivars, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid, Muhammad Saleem, Shahbaz Khan, Sohail Irshad, Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Haroon Zaman Khan, Madad Ali, Ali Bakhsh, Zuhair Hasnain, Sara T. Alrashood, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi Jun 2021

Foliar Applied Boron Not Only Enhances Seed Cotton Yield But Also Improves Fiber Strength And Fineness Of Cotton Cultivars, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid, Muhammad Saleem, Shahbaz Khan, Sohail Irshad, Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Haroon Zaman Khan, Madad Ali, Ali Bakhsh, Zuhair Hasnain, Sara T. Alrashood, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is as famous as “White Gold” due to its high quality fiber. Boron (B) is one of essential micronutrients involved directly or indirectly in many plant processes. Cotton growth, yield and quality are intensely influenced with B application. A 2 years field based study was conducted to explore the impact of foliar applied B (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg ha-1) on productivity and quality of cotton cultivars (FH-113, MNH-786, and CIM-496). Outcomes of the experiment reflected that application of various levels of B significantly influences the growth and quality attributes …

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First Report Of The Lanzones Scale Insect, Unaspis Mabilis Lit & Barbecho (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Infesting Cacao, Theobroma Cacao L. [Research Note], Ireneo L. Lit Jr., Barbara L. Caoili, Merdelyn T. Caasi-Lit, Cristian C. Lucanas, Kristine O. Abenis, Vanessa Kate I. Alvarez, Romnick A. Latina Jun 2021

First Report Of The Lanzones Scale Insect, Unaspis Mabilis Lit & Barbecho (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Infesting Cacao, Theobroma Cacao L. [Research Note], Ireneo L. Lit Jr., Barbara L. Caoili, Merdelyn T. Caasi-Lit, Cristian C. Lucanas, Kristine O. Abenis, Vanessa Kate I. Alvarez, Romnick A. Latina

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The lanzones scale insect, Unaspis mabilis Lit & Barbecho (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is reported to infest cacao trees (Theobroma cacao) in Brgy. Nalook, Kalibo, Aklan. Despite minor morphological differences, analysis of DNA barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) generated from the cacao-infesting scale insects (GenBank Accession Number MN114100.1) matched the DNA barcodes obtained from a complementary study (GenBank Accession Number MN114099), and hence, supported the species identity based on morphological characters. Notes on the distribution, host plant association and insights on possible control measures were provided.

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Grain Yield Variations In Rice Genotypes Under Different Growing Environments In The Philippines, Kim Nyka C. Perdiguerra, Shiro Mitsuya, Akira Yamauchi, Felino P. Lansigan, Maria Victoria O. Espaldon, Jose E. Hernandez, Pompe C. Sta. Cruz Jun 2021

Grain Yield Variations In Rice Genotypes Under Different Growing Environments In The Philippines, Kim Nyka C. Perdiguerra, Shiro Mitsuya, Akira Yamauchi, Felino P. Lansigan, Maria Victoria O. Espaldon, Jose E. Hernandez, Pompe C. Sta. Cruz

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Grain yield variations in PSB Rc18, NSIC Rc222 (inbreds) and NSIC Rc202H (hybrid) were determined across growing environments as a function of cropping seasons and locations in rice producing areas in the Philippines. Contribution of location to variation in grain yield is 61.0%, while 12.7% for the season, and 6.1% for the genotype and this must be due location by season by genotype interactions. Dry season cropping in Nueva Ecija produced the highest mean grain yield. On the other hand, wet season cropping in Davao del Sur produced the least mean grain yield. The genotypes differed in their response to …

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Detection Of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Luffae’ In Sponge Gourd, Bitter Gourd, And Bamboo From Laguna In Luzon, Philippines [Research Note], Filomena C. Sta. Cruz, Nuredin Habili, Qi Wu, Rezel Sagarino, John W. Randles Jun 2021

Detection Of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Luffae’ In Sponge Gourd, Bitter Gourd, And Bamboo From Laguna In Luzon, Philippines [Research Note], Filomena C. Sta. Cruz, Nuredin Habili, Qi Wu, Rezel Sagarino, John W. Randles

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

In the Philippines, phytoplasma disease symptoms of little leaf and witches’ broom have been observed in sponge gourd (Luffa sp.), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris). However, the cause of the disease remained unidentified. Molecular analysis was conducted to detect the presence and identify the phytoplasma associated with the diseased plants. Nested PCR has detected the presence of phytoplasmas in sponge gourd, bitter gourd and bamboo showing symptoms of little leaf and witches’ broom. Nucleotide BLAST and phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene have identified ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma luffae’ belonging to group 16SrVIII …

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Perceptions On Agriculture Among Freshmen Students At The University Of The Philippines Los Baños: Key Challenges And Solutions, Kamla Zyra G. Lavadia, Lourdes B. Columbres, Maria Angeli G. Maghuyop, Domingo Angeles Jun 2021

Perceptions On Agriculture Among Freshmen Students At The University Of The Philippines Los Baños: Key Challenges And Solutions, Kamla Zyra G. Lavadia, Lourdes B. Columbres, Maria Angeli G. Maghuyop, Domingo Angeles

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study involved 832 freshmen students enrolled in the course Introduction to Agriculture from 2009 to 2014 from the College of Agriculture and Food Science and the College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, to determine the perception of youth towards the field of agriculture and its degree program. Using quantitative parameters and correlation analysis, the relationship between the demographic characteristics and the freshmen‟s perception towards agriculture was determined. Students‟ demographic characteristics (age and gender) are positively correlated with the student's perception of agriculture. Initially, the majority (58.3%) of the freshmen have a negative attitude towards the …

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Productivity And Profitability Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) + Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Intercropping System For Marginal Farmers In North-Western Part Of Bangladesh, Rafiqul Islam, Mm Kamal, Mf Hossain, J Hossain, Mg Azam, Ms Islam Jun 2021

Productivity And Profitability Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) + Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Intercropping System For Marginal Farmers In North-Western Part Of Bangladesh, Rafiqul Islam, Mm Kamal, Mf Hossain, J Hossain, Mg Azam, Ms Islam

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The agroecological practice of intercropping, meaning farming of two or more crop simultaneously in the same field has recently reaped renewed interest for developing more sustainable cropping and food systems. This technology gained immense interest to marginal farmers of Bangladesh for better economic return from small parcel of their cultivable land. This study evaluated the variants of intercropping system of turmeric (Curcuma longa) + okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) having yield advantage and profitability. The study was conducted during the crop season of 2017 and 2018 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh. Five intercropping …

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Enriched Rice Husk Biochar Minimizes Ammonia Loss From Applied Urea Fertilizer Under Waterlogged Environment [Research Note], Gunavathy Selvarajh, Huck Ywich Ch'ng, Norhafizah Md Zain, Issariyaporn Damrongrak Jun 2021

Enriched Rice Husk Biochar Minimizes Ammonia Loss From Applied Urea Fertilizer Under Waterlogged Environment [Research Note], Gunavathy Selvarajh, Huck Ywich Ch'ng, Norhafizah Md Zain, Issariyaporn Damrongrak

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

A laboratory-scale closed dynamic air flow system was carried out to assess the effect of enriched rice husk biochar on ammonia volatilization, soil exchangeable ammonium, and available nitrate from the applied urea in comparison to urea alone under waterlogged conditions. Treatments with enriched rice husk biochar (5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha-1) significantly minimized ammonia volatilization, however, only biochar with rates of 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1 had significantly retained more soil exchangeable ammonium by 14% – 43%. Additionally, soil available nitrate was lower in all treatments except in T1 (urea alone). This indicates that …

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Effects Of Zeolite On Agronomic And Biochemical Traits And Yield Components Of Zea Mays L. Cv Simone Under Drought Stress Condition, Mehri Salehi, Mahdi Zare, Forood Bazrafshan, Ahmad Aien, Bahram Amiri Jun 2021

Effects Of Zeolite On Agronomic And Biochemical Traits And Yield Components Of Zea Mays L. Cv Simone Under Drought Stress Condition, Mehri Salehi, Mahdi Zare, Forood Bazrafshan, Ahmad Aien, Bahram Amiri

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

One of the new strategies to increase the effectiveness of chemical fertilizers, prevent the waste of chemical fertilizers, and increase the yield of agricultural products, is the use of natural compound such as zeolite. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of zeolite (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1) on agronomic and biochemical responses as well as yield components of maize (cv. Simon) under normal (90% field capacity), moderate (75% FC), and severe (60% FC) drought stress conditions during 2017-2019. The results showed that moderate and severe drought stress significantly decreased plant height (10.9% and 19.7%, …

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Genetic Variability In Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Vasinfectum Causing Damping-Off Of Cotton (Gossypium Barbadense L.) Seedlings [Research Note], Reda Helmy Sammour, Salah Abdel Moemen, Eman Elagamy Jun 2021

Genetic Variability In Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Vasinfectum Causing Damping-Off Of Cotton (Gossypium Barbadense L.) Seedlings [Research Note], Reda Helmy Sammour, Salah Abdel Moemen, Eman Elagamy

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The genetic variability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum isolates from Gossypium barbadense L. seedlings were assessed using pathogenicity, mycelial compatibility, and RAPD analyses. The results showed that the disease incidence percentages and compatibility percentages considerably varied, extending from 33.2 to 86.6 % and 6 to 60 %, respectively in North Egypt and from 33.3 to 66.6 % and 0.0 to 20% in South Egypt. It also showed that the isolates ISO-8 and ISO-19 had the lowest disease incidence (33.2%) as compared with isolate ISO-5 (86.6%). Results of the mycelial compatibility had a reversible relationship with disease incidence percentage. Cluster …

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Weedy Rice Conserved Ex Situ Characterized Using Morphological And Simple Sequence Repeat (Ssr) Markers, Rubylyn Mijan Infante, Maria Elizabeth B. Naredo, Merlyn S. Mendioro Jun 2021

Weedy Rice Conserved Ex Situ Characterized Using Morphological And Simple Sequence Repeat (Ssr) Markers, Rubylyn Mijan Infante, Maria Elizabeth B. Naredo, Merlyn S. Mendioro

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

A clear understanding of genetic diversity in weedy rice is important in improving protocols for its conservation, ex situ. To this end, Asian collections of weedy rice together with accessions of the wild AA genome species Oryza nivara Sharma et Shastry and Oryza rufipogon Griffith, and the cultivated species, Oryza sativa L. were characterized using 16 qualitative morphological traits and 18 SSR markers. The Shannon-Weaver index (H’) revealed higher diversity in the weedy (mean H’ = 0.76) and wild O. nivara (mean H’ = 0.79) and O. rufipogon samples (mean H’ = 0.69) compared to the cultivated …

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The Role Of Α-Tocopherol In Mitigating The Effect Of Elevated Co2 Concentrations Emitted From The Al-Hunay Power Plant Main Station On Glycine Max L. Plants, Mohammed Abdulrahman Almuwayhi Mar 2021

The Role Of Α-Tocopherol In Mitigating The Effect Of Elevated Co2 Concentrations Emitted From The Al-Hunay Power Plant Main Station On Glycine Max L. Plants, Mohammed Abdulrahman Almuwayhi

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Soybean (Glycine max L.), belonging to Leguminosae, is an essential food in Asian countries. It has become a necessity to study the long-term effects of elevated concentrations of CO2 on plant growth and development. Climate change may be affected by the increment of CO2 and higher temperatures on crops. Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 can negatively affect the yield as well as the quality of the field crops. Alpha-tocopherol is the major vitamin E compound found in leaf chloroplasts. This antioxidant deactivates photosynthesis-derived reactive oxygen species and prevents the propagation of lipid peroxidation by scavenging lipid …

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Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Physiological Quality And Germination Of Aged Pumpkin Seeds Under Drought Stress Condition [Research Note], Hossein Reza Rouhi, Mohammad Hasan Vafaei, Maryam Saman, Ali Abbasi Surki Mar 2021

Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Physiological Quality And Germination Of Aged Pumpkin Seeds Under Drought Stress Condition [Research Note], Hossein Reza Rouhi, Mohammad Hasan Vafaei, Maryam Saman, Ali Abbasi Surki

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The physiological quality of seeds decreases during their storage under unfavourable conditions. These deteriorated seeds exhibit a poorer performance, especially under stress conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of H2O2 on the germination of aged pumpkin seeds under drought stress. Hydroprimed seeds and also the seeds pre-treated with 100, 200, and 400 μM H2O2 were exposed to drought (0, -0.2, -0.4, and -0.6 MPa applied using PEG). Under drought conditions, seeds primed with H2O2 showed improved germination percentages and rates, higher vigour index, greater plumule and radicle …

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Phenotypic Characters And Expression Of Cytokinin Oxidase 2 (Osckx2) Gene In Rice Genotypes With Enhanced Grain Filling Traits, Cielo Luz C. Mondejar, Maria Genaleen Q. Diaz, Teresita H. Borromeo, Tonette P. Laude, Arlen A. Dela Cruz, Roel Rodriguez Suralta Mar 2021

Phenotypic Characters And Expression Of Cytokinin Oxidase 2 (Osckx2) Gene In Rice Genotypes With Enhanced Grain Filling Traits, Cielo Luz C. Mondejar, Maria Genaleen Q. Diaz, Teresita H. Borromeo, Tonette P. Laude, Arlen A. Dela Cruz, Roel Rodriguez Suralta

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Poor grain filling is still a major problem in rice production. Recent attention in crop varietal improvement is focused on heritable delayed foliar senescence, enhanced root system, and fast-synchronous grain filling pattern. Nine genotypes were characterized for these three enhanced grain-filling traits to determine the role of these traits on grain yield. Based on heritable delayed foliar senescence, NSIC Rc436 and NSIC Rc512 were characterized as Type A, while PSB Rc18 and NSIC Rc514 as Type B. These genotypes had a significantly higher yield than IR64, owing to their high spikelets number. Data suggested a positive correlation between the delayed …

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Maximum Entropy (Maxent) Modeling Of The Potential Distribution Of Aspidiotus Rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) In The Philippines, Ireneo B. Pangga, Sheryl A. Yap, Arnold R. Salvacion Mar 2021

Maximum Entropy (Maxent) Modeling Of The Potential Distribution Of Aspidiotus Rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) In The Philippines, Ireneo B. Pangga, Sheryl A. Yap, Arnold R. Salvacion

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The coconut scale insect (CSI) Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) poses a significant threat to coconut production in the Philippines as shown by recent outbreaks. Ecological niche modeling using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) was used to determine the effects of environmental factors on the infestation of A. rigidus, and map its potential distribution in the Philippines to assess the risk of future outbreaks. The influence of bioclimatic variables on A. rigidus infestation was determined using MaxEnt modeling using the location data of A. rigidus occurrence confirmed using molecular markers. Rainfall and temperature variables were important for A. rigidus distribution with …

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Taxonomic Microbiome Profiling And Abundance Patterns In The Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) Rhizosphere Treated With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Bamboo Biochar, Angelbert D. Cortes, Nelly S. Aggangan, Rina B. Opulencia Mar 2021

Taxonomic Microbiome Profiling And Abundance Patterns In The Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) Rhizosphere Treated With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Bamboo Biochar, Angelbert D. Cortes, Nelly S. Aggangan, Rina B. Opulencia

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are agricultural interventions adopted by farmers to improve the growth of crops in nutrient-deficient acidic soil, which relatively influence the biological properties in the rhizosphere. This greenhouse study investigated the changes in prokaryotic diversity in the rhizosphere of cacao plants grown in acidic soil with AMF and bamboo biochar (BB) for 15 months under nursery conditions. Metagenomic analysis of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of the rhizosphere with AMF, 15% BB, and AMF + 15% BB revealed that the addition of AMF and BB reduced the sample's diversity, but the treatments …

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Postharvest Salicylic Acid And Melatonin Dipping Delay Ripening And Improve Quality Of ‘Sensation’ Mangoes, Mohamed A. Awad, Adel D. Al-Qurashi Mar 2021

Postharvest Salicylic Acid And Melatonin Dipping Delay Ripening And Improve Quality Of ‘Sensation’ Mangoes, Mohamed A. Awad, Adel D. Al-Qurashi

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Freshly harvested mature-green ‘Sensation’ mangoes were dipped for 10 min in 2 mM salicylic acid (SA) and 0.2 mM melatonin (MT) alone or in combination and stored at 23±1°C and 60–70%RH. SA or MT delayed ripening measured as higher green peel color (lower a* values), firmness, titratable acidity (TA) and membrane stability index (MSI) and lower weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), TSS/TA ratio and hydrolytic enzyme activities (polygalacturonase, xylanase and α-amylase) compared to that of untreated fruit. Total phenolic content (TPC) in peel of treated fruit increased with fluctuations during ripening and was higher than the control. In pulp, …

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Morphological And Microsatellite-Based Molecular Characterization Of Locally Collected Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.), Carl F. Libayao, Carmina C. Manuel Ma., Eureka Teresa M. Ocampo, Antonio G. Lalusin Mar 2021

Morphological And Microsatellite-Based Molecular Characterization Of Locally Collected Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.), Carl F. Libayao, Carmina C. Manuel Ma., Eureka Teresa M. Ocampo, Antonio G. Lalusin

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Fifty-three sugarcane accessions from Aklan, Iloilo, Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, and Bohol were characterized using forty-two morphometric parameters and forty microsatellite markers. Twenty-six morphological characters using the Shannon-Weaver diversity index showed high variability (H’ = > 0.76) and were able to characterize the fifty-three sugarcane accessions. Cluster analysis of morphological traits based on sequential agglomerative hierarchical test and Euclidean distance revealed two groupings at 0.3 coefficient of dissimilarity. The clustering of some accessions was irrespective of their geographical origin indicating a high degree of phenotypic similarity in some accessions. Out of the forty microsatellite markers, twenty-five (63%) have a PIC value …

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Evaluation Of The Inactivation Kinetics Of Cronobacter Sakazakii In Infant Formula Treated By Radio Frequency Dielectric Heating And Uvc Light [Research Note], Yun Deng, Yuwei Wu, Yuanrong Zheng, Danfeng Wang, Zhenmin Liu Mar 2021

Evaluation Of The Inactivation Kinetics Of Cronobacter Sakazakii In Infant Formula Treated By Radio Frequency Dielectric Heating And Uvc Light [Research Note], Yun Deng, Yuwei Wu, Yuanrong Zheng, Danfeng Wang, Zhenmin Liu

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

We studied the inactivation kinetics of Cronobacter sakazakii (CS) in infant formula subjected to radio frequency dielectric heating (RF) alone or sequential RF-UVC irradiation for 30 min. We used one linear model and two nonlinear models to fit the data and compared the results. Our findings revealed that CS was more susceptible to the combined treatment than to RF alone at the same temperature and that inactivation rate increased with increasing temperature. The sequential RF (90°C, 5 min) - UVC (25 min) treatment was the most effective at inactivating CS. The survival curves of CS were non-linear. …

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16s Rrna Gene Sequence Analysis Of Acetic And Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Philippine Sugarcane Wine (Basi) [Research Note], John Russel G. Sevilla, Michael Angelo S. Esteban, Honey Bhabes R. Iñigo, Audrey May V. Orillaza, Baby Richard R. Navarro Mar 2021

16s Rrna Gene Sequence Analysis Of Acetic And Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Philippine Sugarcane Wine (Basi) [Research Note], John Russel G. Sevilla, Michael Angelo S. Esteban, Honey Bhabes R. Iñigo, Audrey May V. Orillaza, Baby Richard R. Navarro

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Basi, a traditional sugarcane wine of the Philippines, was studied. Here, we used molecular- and cultural-based methods to isolate, identify and characterize acid-producing bacteria, specifically acetic and lactic acid bacteria, from basi. Acid producers were focused on owing to the rapid spoilage of basi via acidification with air exposure. Two strains each of acetic and lactic acid bacteria were isolated. DNA was extracted from these isolates. PCR-amplified DNA products were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The sequences of the isolates were then aligned with BLAST database sequences and found to have high similarities to Acetobacter malorum (99%), …

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Standardized Ileal Digestibility Of Amino Acids In Nacedero (Trichanthera Gigantea (Humboldt & Bonpland.) Nees) Foliage, Copra Expeller, And Soybean Meal Fed To Growing Philippine Native Pigs (Sus Scrofa Domesticus Erxleben, 1777), Mary Arnel D. Garcia, Rommel C. Sulabo Mar 2021

Standardized Ileal Digestibility Of Amino Acids In Nacedero (Trichanthera Gigantea (Humboldt & Bonpland.) Nees) Foliage, Copra Expeller, And Soybean Meal Fed To Growing Philippine Native Pigs (Sus Scrofa Domesticus Erxleben, 1777), Mary Arnel D. Garcia, Rommel C. Sulabo

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The experiment was conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in nacedero (Trichanthera gigantea Humboldt & Bonpland.) Nees; NAC) foliage, copra expeller (CE), and soybean meal (SBM) fed to growing Philippine native pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777). Eight barrows of Black Tiaong strain (initial BW of 36.44 ± 1.59 kg; 132 to 135 d) installed with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were housed individually in metabolism cages and randomly allotted to a replicated 4 × 3 Youden square design with four diets and three periods. One …

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