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Articles 31 - 60 of 76
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Synthesizing Phylogeography And Community Ecology To Understand Patterns Of Community Diversity, Trevor J. Williams
Synthesizing Phylogeography And Community Ecology To Understand Patterns Of Community Diversity, Trevor J. Williams
Theses and Dissertations
Community ecology is the study of the patterns and processes governing species abundance, distribution, and diversity within and between communities. Likewise, phylogeography is the study of the historic processes controlling genetic diversity across space. Both fields investigate diversity, albeit at different temporal, spatial and taxonomic scales and therefore have varying assumptions. Community ecology typically focuses on contemporary mechanisms whereas phylogeography studies historic ones. However, new research has discovered that both genetic and community diversity can be influenced by contemporary and historic processes in tandem. As such, a growing number of researchers have called for greater integration of phylogeography and ecology …
Saprotrophic Capacity Of Endophytic Fungi, Emily L. Davis
Saprotrophic Capacity Of Endophytic Fungi, Emily L. Davis
Theses and Dissertations
Endophytic fungi inhabit the living tissue of a host plant for at least a portion of their life cycle. While some researchers have shown that various endophytic fungi participate in litter decomposition, we do not know whether such fungi are actually saprotrophic, meaning that they can obtain energy from litter. Therefore, I determined if endophytic fungi are saprotrophs using leaf litter as the energy source. All 49 tested isolates were found to be saprotrophic. To compare the saprotrophic capacities of fungi from different habitats, which produce different types of litter, a universal litter proxy needs to be used. I hypothesized …
The Music Of Rivers: How Climate, Land Use, And Disturbances Tune The Frequencies And Volumes Of Streams Worldwide, Brian Charles Brown
The Music Of Rivers: How Climate, Land Use, And Disturbances Tune The Frequencies And Volumes Of Streams Worldwide, Brian Charles Brown
Theses and Dissertations
The amount of water flowing through streams and rivers changes through time. The seasonality and duration of these changes can have profound impacts on human freshwater availability, aquatic habitat, and biogeochemical cycling. Numerous factors are thought to influence streamflow regime, including drainage basin area, temperature, precipitation, and land cover. Few of these qualities have remained untouched, either directly or indirectly, by expanding human activities. Altered climate, sweeping changes to large portions of the earth's surface, and the construction of dams and other infrastructure have fundamentally altered streamflows worldwide. Understanding the nature of these changes, both globally and regionally in the …
Increasing Introductory Biology Students' Modeling Mastery Through Visualizing Population Growth Models, Samantha Rae Wasson
Increasing Introductory Biology Students' Modeling Mastery Through Visualizing Population Growth Models, Samantha Rae Wasson
Theses and Dissertations
In introductory biology, college students are taught to predict how populations will grow and change over time by using population growth models. These models are commonly represented as mathematical equations. However, students consistently struggle when math and biology concepts intersect in the classroom, and these struggles lead to suboptimal understanding of how mathematical population models are designed and used. Education literature suggests that students may struggle with population modeling because of math anxiety, the high cognitive load of the task, and the lack of scaffolding for abstract concepts. In our study, we sought to improve student mastery modeling exponential growth, …
Seasonal Nutrient Limitations Of Cyanobacteria, Phytoplankton, And Cyanotoxins In Utah Lake, Gabriella Marie Lawson
Seasonal Nutrient Limitations Of Cyanobacteria, Phytoplankton, And Cyanotoxins In Utah Lake, Gabriella Marie Lawson
Theses and Dissertations
Excess nutrients from human activity trigger toxic cyanobacterial and algal blooms, creating expansive hypoxic dead zones in lakes, damaging ecosystems, hurting local economies, undermining food and water security, and directly harming human health. To identify when and where nutrients limit phytoplankton and cyanobacterial growth, and cyanotoxin concentrations across Utah Lake, USA we conducted four in-situ bioassay studies (563 cubitainers or experimental units) that experimentally added N, P or N+P over the spring, early summer, summer, late summer, and fall in lake water from the top 20 cm of the water column. For our purpose, we defined total phytoplankton as all …
A Comparison Of Heat Treatment-Induced Skeletal Muscle Adaptations Relative To Exercise Training, Jamie Puanani Brun Kaluhiokalani
A Comparison Of Heat Treatment-Induced Skeletal Muscle Adaptations Relative To Exercise Training, Jamie Puanani Brun Kaluhiokalani
Theses and Dissertations
In vitro and animal studies indicate that the response to heat stress is associated with beneficial adaptations that promote cell health and survival. Few studies to date have examined this finding in human subjects, and it is unclear how the adaptation compares in magnitude to exercise training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the skeletal muscle adaptations (namely mitochondrial biogenesis and capillarization) of 6 weeks of deep-muscle heat treatment relative to exercise training. We hypothesized that heat treatment (HT), applied through pulsed shortwave diathermy (2 hr, 3 days/week) over a 6-week intervention period would lead to increased mitochondrial …
Understanding The Interaction Between Habitat Use Of Feral Horses And The Abundance Of Greater Sage-Grouse In The Great Basin, Mikiah R. Carver
Understanding The Interaction Between Habitat Use Of Feral Horses And The Abundance Of Greater Sage-Grouse In The Great Basin, Mikiah R. Carver
Theses and Dissertations
Environmental impacts of feral horses (Equus caballus) are a subject of conservation concern and controversial national policy. In North America, feral horses are considered an invasive species where they impact rangelands of the arid and semi-arid western United States. The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a native sagebrush obligate bird species that relies on sagebrush habitats to sustain viable population levels. Recent literature suggests that feral horse presence can have a notable effect on the fitness of native and sagebrush obligate species throughout the arid and semi-arid western United States. The purpose of this thesis was to assess the potential …
Assessment Of Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Longaevaâ D.K. Bailey) Forest Communities Using Geospatial Technologies, David Richard Burchfield
Assessment Of Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Longaevaâ D.K. Bailey) Forest Communities Using Geospatial Technologies, David Richard Burchfield
Theses and Dissertations
Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey) is a keystone species of the subalpine forest in the Great Basin and western Colorado Plateau ecoregions in Utah, Nevada, and California. Bristlecone pine is also the world's longest-lived non-clonal organism, with individuals occasionally reaching ages up to 5,000 years old. Because of its longevity, bristlecone pine contains an important proxy record of climate data in its growth rings. Despite its ecological and scientific importance, bristlecone pine's distribution and associated environmental drivers are poorly understood. Geospatial technologies, including unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and spatial modeling techniques …
Impact Of High Intensity Interval Training Versus Traditional Moderate Intensity Continuous Training On Critical Power And The Power-Duration Relationship, Jessica Rose Collins
Impact Of High Intensity Interval Training Versus Traditional Moderate Intensity Continuous Training On Critical Power And The Power-Duration Relationship, Jessica Rose Collins
Theses and Dissertations
Critical Power (CP) is the greatest power that a person can sustain for prolonged periods of time while maintaining steady state conditions. Work-prime (W’) is the amount of work that can be tolerated when exercising in non-steady-state conditions above CP. A person’s CP and W’ strongly influence the metabolic response and tolerance to exercise. PURPOSE: Compare the effect of equal amounts of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on CP and W’. Critical Power (CP) is the greatest power that a person can sustain for prolonged periods of time while maintaining steady state conditions. Work-prime …
Using Phased Whole Genome Sequence Data To Better Understand The Role Of Compound-Heterozygous Variants In Pediatric Diseases, Dustin B. Miller
Using Phased Whole Genome Sequence Data To Better Understand The Role Of Compound-Heterozygous Variants In Pediatric Diseases, Dustin B. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
A compound-heterozygous variant occurs when a child inherits a variant from each parent, with these variants occurring at a different position within the same gene and on opposite homologous chromosomes. These inherited variants may result in two nonfunctional versions of the same gene. Compound-heterozygous variants cannot be identified unless a patients' DNA sequence data is phased. Phasing is a computationally demanding process that requires the use of multiple software tools in order to determine which nucleotide was inherited from which parent. First, in Chapter 1, we review the literature to better understand what research has been conducted on the role …
Internal And External Oblique Muscle Asymmetry In Sprinters And Sprint Hurdlers: A Cross-Sectional Study, Lauren Ashley Renee Adams
Internal And External Oblique Muscle Asymmetry In Sprinters And Sprint Hurdlers: A Cross-Sectional Study, Lauren Ashley Renee Adams
Theses and Dissertations
Background: The abdominal muscles are vital in providing core stability for proper function in most activities. There is a correlation between side asymmetry of theses muscles and dysfunction. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare trunk muscle morphology and trunk rotational strength between sprinters, a symmetrical sport and sprint hurdlers, an asymmetrical sport. Methods: Twenty-one trained collegiate sprinters and sprint hurdlers were recruited for the study (12 M, 9 F), average age (years) 20.2 1.5, height (cm) 176.9 9.1, and weight (kg) 70.6 9.8. Using real-time ultrasound, panoramic images of the internal oblique (IO) and external …
Tp-5801 In Vitro Kinase Screen Data, Joshua Andersen
Tp-5801 In Vitro Kinase Screen Data, Joshua Andersen
ScholarsArchive Data
In vitro kinase screen data for TP-5801 to accompany Chan and Egbert et al., Nature Communications, 2021 (in press)
Validity Of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Size Measured By Ultrasound And Mri, Dallin Swanson
Validity Of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Size Measured By Ultrasound And Mri, Dallin Swanson
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Intrinsic foot muscles maintain foot structural integrity and contribute to functional movement, posture and balance. Thus, assessing intrinsic foot muscle size and strength are important. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to accurately image the individual muscles but is costly and time consuming. Ultrasound (US) imaging may provide an alternative that is less costly and more readily available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reproducibility of US imaging in measuring intrinsic foot muscle size in comparison to MRI. US and MRI were employed to measure the intrinsic foot muscle size involving 35 participants (females …
A Fret Flow Cytometry-Based Screening Assay For Multiplex Analysis Of Metabolites In T. Brucei, Ronald A. Zegarra
A Fret Flow Cytometry-Based Screening Assay For Multiplex Analysis Of Metabolites In T. Brucei, Ronald A. Zegarra
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Kinetoplastid parasites are a significant public health issue in some tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Kinetoplastid parasites all require glycolysis for survival, with host glucose key for ATP production. One such parasite, Trypanosoma brucei, exclusively metabolizes glucose in its bloodstream form. Trypanosomal glycolysis is unique because it displays unconventional structural features. Hence, glucose metabolism has been studied extensively in T. brucei and is a therapeutic target in kinetoplastid parasites.The lack of in vivo analytical techniques for measuring vital glycolytic metabolites in situ has restricted the ability of researchers to test, with high sensitivity and specificity, the essential roles …
Racial And Ethnic Minority Groups Are Under-Represented And Under-Reported In Guideline-Informing Heart Failure Clinical Trials, Gerardo Gamino
Racial And Ethnic Minority Groups Are Under-Represented And Under-Reported In Guideline-Informing Heart Failure Clinical Trials, Gerardo Gamino
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Heart failure (HF) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States that may disproportionately affect certain racial/ethnic groups. Compared with White individuals, HF may affect Black individuals at a younger age with less favorable prognosis, and this excess risk may be partially explained by differences in HF risk factor burden. It is crucial for guideline informing HF clinical trials to adequately reflect the racial/ethnic diversity in the population. We assessed the extent of reporting and representation of race/ethnicity in HF clinical trials referenced in the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure and the …
Exploration Of Fluorinated Α,Β-Dehydroamino Acids And Their Structure, Austin Lesueur
Exploration Of Fluorinated Α,Β-Dehydroamino Acids And Their Structure, Austin Lesueur
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis explores the synthesis of fluorinated α,β-dehydroamino acids, specifically a fluorinated dehydrovaline derivative. Previous work has been done on the equivalent dehydrovaline derivative without fluorine present and this work builds toward the fluorinated version with the goal of comparing the two structurally. The synthesis presented here pulls from previous synthetic strategies employed for dehydrovaline while also exploring the synthetic impact of the electronegative fluorine atoms.
Taxonomy And Phylogenetics Of Island Damselflies (Odonata: Coenagrionidae: Vanuatubasis), Natalie Anne Saxton
Taxonomy And Phylogenetics Of Island Damselflies (Odonata: Coenagrionidae: Vanuatubasis), Natalie Anne Saxton
Theses and Dissertations
Odonata is an order of charismatic insects, commonly called dragonflies and damselflies, that provide a rewarding study system to answer questions such as those related to diversity and biogeography. Despite being relatively well-studied compared to other insect orders, odonates have suffered from inconsistencies and disagreements about proper morphological terminology that provide barriers to incoming workers. These disagreements have subsequently led to confusion and the incorrect application of terms. Here, we clarify the terminology and propose standard terminology for terminal appendages. This terminology is employed in a taxonomic revision of Vanuatubasis Ober & Staniczek, 2009. This endemic genus of damselfly found …
Preventing Alzheimer's: Effects Of Second Language Acquisition In Older Populations, Joshua Rhead
Preventing Alzheimer's: Effects Of Second Language Acquisition In Older Populations, Joshua Rhead
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Alzheimer’s disease continues to be a problem that medicine has few answers for. As a result, much research has been focused on finding a cure as well as interventions to help prevent the onset of the disease. One such intervention that has been proposed is to improve the brain’s efficiency and connectivity. A controversial method of achieving these results is through second language acquisition. Many provide evidence for or against the benefits of this intervention, but much remains unclear. Most of these studies focus on cognitive function and functional connectivity in language areas, but the default mode network, which is …
Population Dynamics Of Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus): Maternal Effects And De Novo Genome, Sydney Lamb
Population Dynamics Of Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus): Maternal Effects And De Novo Genome, Sydney Lamb
Theses and Dissertations
Population dynamics of large ungulates are complex and vary with fluctuations in factors such as predation, resource availability, human disturbance, and weather (Gaillard et al. 1998, Forrester and Wittmer 2013). These regulating factors exhibit similar effects on ungulate populations by changing vital rates such as birthrate, death rate, emigration or immigration (Gaillard et al. 2000). To better understand the mechanisms influencing population change, it is useful to involve tools from multiple disciplines (Krausman et al. 2013). Here we explore population dynamics of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) through the lenses of two distinct fields: population ecology and genomics. In the first …
Remote Sensing And Spatial Variability Of Leaf Area Index Of Irrigated Wheat Fields, Austin Paul Hopkins
Remote Sensing And Spatial Variability Of Leaf Area Index Of Irrigated Wheat Fields, Austin Paul Hopkins
Theses and Dissertations
Leaf area index (LAI) is a versatile indicator of crop growth that is used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET), monitor nitrogen status, and estimate crop yield. Traditional methods for measuring LAI can be improved using high resolution remote sensing. The aim of this study was to compare approaches for estimating LAI from UAV-derived visible vegetation indices. Coincident ground-based and remotely sensed data were obtained from two irrigated wheat fields and were sampled at a total of 5 events in 2019 and 2020. Ground-based LAI was measured with a ceptometer and remotely sensed images were collected using a consumer-grade UAV. Mosaiced orthophotos …
The Effects Of Shed Antler Hunting On Ungulate Movement, Space-Use And Resource Selection, Steven B. Bates
The Effects Of Shed Antler Hunting On Ungulate Movement, Space-Use And Resource Selection, Steven B. Bates
Theses and Dissertations
Shed antler hunting has increased in popularity during the past decade, but little is known about how this recreational activity affects ungulate movements and space use. We placed geographic positioning system (gps)-collars on 133 bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), bison (Bison bison), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) to quantify their movements, space use, and resource selection during shed antler hunts on Antelope Island Utah, USA, from 2012 to 2015. In Chapter 1, we calculated means and 95% confidence intervals for distance moved during 90-minute segments (16 points/day); pre-event (control, seven consecutive days prior to event), event (one to two days), and …
The Effects Of Interspecific Competition And Predation On Survival Of Neonate Mule Deer, Daniel W. Sallee
The Effects Of Interspecific Competition And Predation On Survival Of Neonate Mule Deer, Daniel W. Sallee
Theses and Dissertations
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations are influenced by multiple factors, including interspecific competition and predation. Interspecific competition can affect resource acquisition and survival through altering space use and access to preferred habitat. Mule deer in some areas alter space use in the presence of competing species, including bison (Bison bison), cattle (Box taurus), elk (Cervus canadensis), and feral horses (Equus caballus), however the influence of competition on survival of mule deer during specific life history stages, such as birthing and rearing of neonates, is largely unknown. In addition to competition, predation can influence mule deer populations and even limit population …
The Influence Of The Windlass Mechanism On Foot Joint Coupling, Lauren Rose Williams
The Influence Of The Windlass Mechanism On Foot Joint Coupling, Lauren Rose Williams
Theses and Dissertations
INTRODUCTION: Coupling in the distal foot may be due, at least in part, to the foot's windlass mechanism. This mechanism has been demonstrated passively, but its role in dynamic movement is still unclear. A systematic manipulation of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) mechanics may help determine to what extent distal foot coupling during dynamic and active movement is due to the windlass mechanism versus active muscle contractions or springlike ligaments. Furthermore, exploring the windlass mechanism in feet with varying foot structure may aid our understanding of the relationship between foot structure and foot function. PURPOSE: The overall purpose of this study is to …
Empathy And Fairness In Nonhuman Primates: Evolutionary Bases Of Human Morality, Colt Halter
Empathy And Fairness In Nonhuman Primates: Evolutionary Bases Of Human Morality, Colt Halter
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Darwin offered an evolutionary perspective on the origins of human morality, suggesting that humans share a biological foundation with nonhuman primates. This paper reviews the current literature on moral and prosocial behaviors of nonhuman primates, specifically examining whether nonhuman primates exhibit behaviors that are typical of empathy and fairness. The literature documents that nonhuman primates exhibit empathetic behaviors regarding emotional contagion and sympathetic concern. There is also evidence that nonhuman primates have a sense of fairness, seen in their reciprocal behaviors and aversion to inequity. Taken together, this suggests that there are evolutionary roots of morality, lending empirical support to …
Applications Of And Algorithms For Genome Assembly And Genomic Analyses With An Emphasis On Marine Teleosts, Brandon D. Pickett
Applications Of And Algorithms For Genome Assembly And Genomic Analyses With An Emphasis On Marine Teleosts, Brandon D. Pickett
Theses and Dissertations
The burgeoning frequency of genome sequencing in recent years is a testament to both the improvements in sequencing technologies and the utility of genomic analyses for biological discovery. The rapid proliferation in technological advancements and availability of complementary data types and techniques has obfuscated the optimal process of genome assembly and raised the barrier to entry to unprecedented levels. In this dissertation, we describe the genome assemblies performed for several marine teleosts and discuss the algorithms and applications required for genome assembly, including some of our specific contributions to the genome assembly and annotation space. In Chapter 1 and Chapter …
Current Practices In Residential Treatment Of Co-Occuring Eating Disorders And Type 1 Diabetes, Megan Michelle Austin
Current Practices In Residential Treatment Of Co-Occuring Eating Disorders And Type 1 Diabetes, Megan Michelle Austin
Theses and Dissertations
Eating Disorder-Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (ED-DMT1) refers to individuals who have type 1 diabetes and a co-occurring eating disorder. The aim of this study was to identify current treatment practices for individuals with ED-DMT1 in a residential eating disorder treatment setting. Clinical nutrition managers (CNMs) at 18 residential eating disorder treatment facilities were interviewed about treatment practices for patients with type 1 diabetes. Four themes were identified through qualitative case study analysis: 1) nutrition interventions for patients with diabetes, 2) medical diabetes management, 3) interdisciplinary diabetes team, and 4) CNM's assessment of diabetes care. The majority of CNMs interviewed reported …
Evolution And Selection: From Suppression Of Metabolic Deficiencies To Bacteriophage Host Range And Resistance, Daniel Kurt Arens
Evolution And Selection: From Suppression Of Metabolic Deficiencies To Bacteriophage Host Range And Resistance, Daniel Kurt Arens
Theses and Dissertations
The evolution and adaptation of microorganisms is so rapid it can be seen in the time frame of days. The root cause for their evolution comes from selective environmental pressures that see organisms with beneficial mutations survive otherwise deadly encounters or outperform members of its population who fail to adapt. This does not always result in strict improvement of the individual as in the case of antibiotic resistant bacteria who often display fitness tradeoffs to avoid death (see Reviews [1-3]). For example, when an ampicillin resistance gene (ampC) containing plasmid that is occasionally found in the wild was transformed into …
Pushing The Limits Of Sars-Cov-2 Survival: How Sars-Cov-2 Responds To Quaternary Ammonium Compounds And Wastewater, Benjamin Hawthorne Ogilvie
Pushing The Limits Of Sars-Cov-2 Survival: How Sars-Cov-2 Responds To Quaternary Ammonium Compounds And Wastewater, Benjamin Hawthorne Ogilvie
Theses and Dissertations
SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for the current global pandemic, COVID-19. Because this virus is novel, little is known about its sensitivity to disinfection. In this study, we performed suspension tests against SARS-CoV-2 using three commercially available quaternary ammonium compound (Quat) disinfectants and one laboratory-made 0.2% benzalkonium chloride solution. Three of the four formulations completely inactivated the virus within 15 seconds of contact, even in the presence of a soil load or when diluted in hard water. We conclude that Quats rapidly inactivate SARS-CoV-2, making them potentially useful for controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread in hospitals and the community. In addition to …
Ice Cream Formulation Optimization Using "Consumer-Friendly" Hydrocolloid Stabilizers, Benjamin Todd Woodward
Ice Cream Formulation Optimization Using "Consumer-Friendly" Hydrocolloid Stabilizers, Benjamin Todd Woodward
Theses and Dissertations
Hydrocolloid stabilizers are commonly used in ice cream formulations to provide body and reduce ice crystal growth during storage. We conducted a retail survey of 65 different vanilla ice cream brands and found the majority of manufacturers primarily use 1 or more of 4 different hydrocolloid sources: guar gum, carrageenan, locust and carob bean gum, or cellulose gum or gel. However, many consumers view hydrocolloids as unnatural, and the presence of hydrocolloids on an ingredient declaration may negatively affect purchase intent. Our survey of 705 consumers showed significant differences in purchase intent for vanilla ice cream, based on ingredient declarations …
Test-Enhanced Learning In Post-Secondary Biology Courses: The Effect Of Cues And Incentives On High-Level Learning, Bryn Ellen St. Clair
Test-Enhanced Learning In Post-Secondary Biology Courses: The Effect Of Cues And Incentives On High-Level Learning, Bryn Ellen St. Clair
Theses and Dissertations
Cognitive scientists and psychology researchers have given growing attention to evidence of the testing effect, that is, the improvement of students' recall through memory-retrieval practice in the form of quizzes and exams. While laboratory experiments consistently show dramatic positive effects on learning through the testing effect, discipline-specific education researchers have sought to generalize these findings in real, instead of simulated classrooms. The objective of this dissertation was threefold: (1) To survey the current literature on the testing-effect as it applies to learning biology at the post-secondary level. In this review, I consider how further research on the testing effect may …