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Articles 1291 - 1320 of 1739
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
New Record Of A Dinoflagellate Species Corythodinium Tesselatum (Stein) Loeblich Jr. & Loeblich Iii From Turkish Coastal Waters Of The North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Seyfetti̇n Taş, Erdoğan Okuş, Tufan Koray
New Record Of A Dinoflagellate Species Corythodinium Tesselatum (Stein) Loeblich Jr. & Loeblich Iii From Turkish Coastal Waters Of The North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Seyfetti̇n Taş, Erdoğan Okuş, Tufan Koray
Turkish Journal of Botany
The dinoflagellate genus Corythodinium (Stein) Loeblich Jr. & Loeblich III and one species belonging to this genus, Corythodinium tesselatum (Stein) Loeblich Jr. & Loeblich III, are reported for the first time from the coastal waters of Turkey (north-eastern Mediterranean). The morphological characteristics of this species are described and information about its ecological distribution is given.
New Records Of Tricholomataceae And Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray From Turkey, Ertuğrul Sesli̇
New Records Of Tricholomataceae And Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray From Turkey, Ertuğrul Sesli̇
Turkish Journal of Botany
Lyophyllum multiforme (Peck) H.E.Bigelow, Cortinarius caesiocanescens M.M.Moser and C. corrosus Fr. were collected for the first time from Turkey.
Saponaria Bargyliana Gombault (Caryophyllaceae): A New Record For Turkey And Analysis Of Its Morphological Characters With Related Species, Bi̇rol Mutlu
Turkish Journal of Botany
Previously, Saponaria bargyliana Gombault was known only from its type locality, the north of Syria in the Nosaïris mountains, which was published by Gombault in 1962. During a field trip in June 2002 to Erzin (Hatay) district, the species was collected for the second time from a new locality far from its locus classicus. Thus, this species was described as a new record for the flora of Turkey. The description of this species was expanded and its geographical distribution, habitat, flowering time and conservation status are discussed. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Saponaria bargyliana and closely related species is discussed. …
Macrofungi From Andırın (Kahramanmaraş) District, Abdullah Kaya
Macrofungi From Andırın (Kahramanmaraş) District, Abdullah Kaya
Turkish Journal of Botany
Macrofungi specimens were collected from Andırın (Kahramanmaraş) district in 1998-2003. As a result of field and laboratory studies, 131 taxa belonging to 35 families in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes were identified. Six of them, Hemimycena pithya (Fr.) Dörfelt, Macrocystidia cucumis (Pers.) Joss., Mycena maculata P.Karst., Tricholoma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead (Tricholomataceae), Entoloma lepidissimum (Svrcek) Noordel. (Entolomataceae) and Pluteus pouzarianus Singer var. albus Bonnard (Pluteaceae), are new records for Turkey.
Colonial And Morphological Characteristics Of Some Microfungal Species Isolated From Agricultural Soils In Eskişehir Province (Turkey), Semra İlhan, Rasi̇me Demi̇rel, Ahmet Asan, Cengi̇z Bayçu, Engi̇n Kinaci
Colonial And Morphological Characteristics Of Some Microfungal Species Isolated From Agricultural Soils In Eskişehir Province (Turkey), Semra İlhan, Rasi̇me Demi̇rel, Ahmet Asan, Cengi̇z Bayçu, Engi̇n Kinaci
Turkish Journal of Botany
Aspergillus crustosus Raper & Fennell, Eupenicillium egyptiacum (J.F.H.Beyma) Stolk & D.B.Scott, Paecilomyces ramosus Samson & H.C.Evans, and Penicillium novae-zeelandiae J.F.H.Beyma were examined for their colonial and morphological properties via visual, light and scanning electron microscopy. These species isolated from soil in different regions of Eskişehir are recorded for the first time in Turkey.
Morphological And Palynological Investigation On Silene Gigantea L. Var. Gigantea And Silene Behen L. (Caryophyllaceae) Distributed In Western Anatolia And Northern Cyprus, Kemal Yildiz
Turkish Journal of Botany
A comparative investigation was carried out on the morphology and palynology of Silene gigantea L. var. gigantea and Silene behen L. species of the family Caryophyllaceae distributed in Western Anatolia and Northern Cyprus. An examination conducted on S. gigantea var. gigantea revealed that the calyx length in Western Anatolian specimens was shorter than that of those from Northern Cyprus, that the basal petal blades of the Western Anatolian specimens did not have any ligula while those from Northern Cyprus did, and that the petal blades belonging to the specimens from Northern Cyprus demonstrated less clefting as compared to those from …
The Moss Flora (Musci) Of The Sündiken Mountains, Fi̇li̇z Savaroğlu, Süleyman Tokur
The Moss Flora (Musci) Of The Sündiken Mountains, Fi̇li̇z Savaroğlu, Süleyman Tokur
Turkish Journal of Botany
In this study carried out in the Sündiken Mountains, 83 taxa were identified by the authors. These belong to 21 families and 42 genera of bryophytes. Of these, 64 taxa are new for the B7 grid-square adopted by Henderson.
Flora Of Bozburun Mountain And Its Environs (Antalya-Isparta-Burdur, Turkey), Hüseyi̇n Faki̇r
Flora Of Bozburun Mountain And Its Environs (Antalya-Isparta-Burdur, Turkey), Hüseyi̇n Faki̇r
Turkish Journal of Botany
This paper describes a floristic study of Bozburun Mountain and its environs. The study was conducted between 1998 and 2002, during which time 2419 vascular plant samples were collected. After the identification of the specimens, the total flora was determined to consist of 645 taxa belonging to 341 genera and 86 families. The endemism rate of the 645 taxa was 16.1% (n = 104 taxa). The phytogeographical spectrum of the species was as follows: Mediterranean 207 (32.1%), Irano-Turanian 51 (7.9%) and Euro-Siberian elements 33 (5.1%). Of the species we sampled, 311 (48.2%) were widespread and the phytogeographical regions of 10 …
Achillea Salicifolia Besser Subsp. Salicifolia (Asteraceae) In Turkey, With Taxonomic Remarks, Turan Arabaci, Bayram Yildiz
Achillea Salicifolia Besser Subsp. Salicifolia (Asteraceae) In Turkey, With Taxonomic Remarks, Turan Arabaci, Bayram Yildiz
Turkish Journal of Botany
This study includes taxonomical improvements of Achillea salicifolia Besser subsp. salicifolia and distributions in Turkey. Differences between A. salicifolia subsp. salicifolia and relatives are discussed, and synonyms are established. Furthermore, description, localities, distribution map, and key of allied species are given.
The Morphology And Anatomy Of Crocus Flavus Weston Subsp. Flavus (Iridaceae), Canan Özdemi̇r, Peli̇n Baran, Yurdanur Akyol
The Morphology And Anatomy Of Crocus Flavus Weston Subsp. Flavus (Iridaceae), Canan Özdemi̇r, Peli̇n Baran, Yurdanur Akyol
Turkish Journal of Botany
The morphological and anatomical characteristics of Crocus flavus Weston subsp. flavus (Iridaceae) were investigated. Cross-sections of the root, stem, corm and leaf parts of C. flavus subsp. flavus were examined and cross-sections of the root, stem and leaf demonstrated by illustrations. The corm-tunic is membranous, splitting into vertical fibres and lacking distinct horizontal rings at the base. The style is obscurely trilobed or slightly divided. These features are characteristic of C. flavus subsp. flavus. Differences such as shape of leaf keel and branching of style were determined by comparing the results obtained from this subspecies with the results obtained from …
Chromosome Numbers Of 16 Endemic Plant Taxa From Northern Cyprus, Kemal Yildiz, Sali̇h Gücel
Chromosome Numbers Of 16 Endemic Plant Taxa From Northern Cyprus, Kemal Yildiz, Sali̇h Gücel
Turkish Journal of Botany
The chromosome numbers of 16 of the 19 endemic taxa of Northern Cyprus were investigated, 15 of which are new records. Diploid chromosome numbers of the taxa investigated varied between 2n = 12 and 2n = 30. One species, Scutellaria sibthorpii (Benth.) Hal., was both diploid (2n = 14) and tetraploid (2n = 28), and Sideritis cypria Post, 2n = 30, was either diploid or triploid.
Macrofungi And Their Distribution In Karaman Province, Turkey, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Doğan, Celaleddi̇n Öztürk
Macrofungi And Their Distribution In Karaman Province, Turkey, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Doğan, Celaleddi̇n Öztürk
Turkish Journal of Botany
Herein, macrofungi specimens that were collected from different locations in Karaman province, Turkey between 1999 and 2001 are reported. As a result of field and laboratory studies, 202 taxa belonging to 2 classes and 41 families were identified. Of them, 11 taxa belonged to Ascomycetes and 191 to Basidiomycetes. The most common families were Tricholomataceae, with 36 species; Bolbitiaceae, with 16 species; Agaricaceae and Cortinariaceae, with 15 species each; Coprinaceae, with 13 species; and Hymenochaetaceae, with 12 species.
Two New Taxa Records For The Macrofungi Of Turkey, Si̇nan Aktaş, Giyasetti̇n Kaşik, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Doğan, Celaleddi̇n Öztürk
Two New Taxa Records For The Macrofungi Of Turkey, Si̇nan Aktaş, Giyasetti̇n Kaşik, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Doğan, Celaleddi̇n Öztürk
Turkish Journal of Botany
Lachnum virgineum (Batsch) P.Karst (Hyaloscyphaceae) and Hymenoscyphus fructigenus (Bull.) Gray (Helotiaceae) are recorded for the first time from Turkey.
New Records Of The Dictyocha Antarctica Lohmann, Dictyocha Crux Ehrenberg And Nitzschia Rectilonga Takano Species From The Sea Of Marmara, Ni̇yazi̇ Deni̇z, Seyfetti̇n Taş, Tufan Koray
New Records Of The Dictyocha Antarctica Lohmann, Dictyocha Crux Ehrenberg And Nitzschia Rectilonga Takano Species From The Sea Of Marmara, Ni̇yazi̇ Deni̇z, Seyfetti̇n Taş, Tufan Koray
Turkish Journal of Botany
The silicoflagellate species Dictyocha antarctica Lohmann, Dictyocha crux Ehrenb. and the diatom species Nitzschia rectilonga Takano are reported for the first time from the coastal waters of the north-eastern Sea of Marmara (lat. 40º 45.80' N - 40º 58.00' N, long. 28º 36.00' E - 29º 13.60' E) and also from the coastal waters of Turkey. Descriptions of these species are given in this paper.
Isolation Of Trichomes From Wheat And Other Species Of Flowering Plants, Zaure G. Aytasheva, Elizaveta D. Bogdanova, Aitkali M. Kalimagambetov, Sergey V. Chekalin, Fatima A. Polimbetova
Isolation Of Trichomes From Wheat And Other Species Of Flowering Plants, Zaure G. Aytasheva, Elizaveta D. Bogdanova, Aitkali M. Kalimagambetov, Sergey V. Chekalin, Fatima A. Polimbetova
Turkish Journal of Botany
Plant hairiness or pubescence as a specific phenotypical feature related to dehydration tolerance and resistance to leaf vermin is considered in this paper. A method for the isolation of trichomes, earlier developed for Arabidopsis Heynh., was found to be appropriate for the separation of similar polarised cells from pubescent wheat, Triticum aestivum L., lines, as well as some other higher plant species. This procedure thus paves the way for the study of the molecular organisation of trichomes in wheat and other mono- and dicotyledoneous plants.
Folk Medicines In Merzifon (Amasya, Turkey), Nurten Ezer, Öykü Mumcu Arisan
Folk Medicines In Merzifon (Amasya, Turkey), Nurten Ezer, Öykü Mumcu Arisan
Turkish Journal of Botany
Natural sources used as folk medicines in Merzifon were investigated in this study. It was determined that 35 plant and 4 animal species together with 3 animal and 1 inorganic sources are being used as various preparations of folk medicines in Merzifon area. All the collected medicinal plants were identified and voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy (HUEF). Local names, part(s) used, methods of preparation and traditional usages of folk medicines are given in this paper. Traditional herbal medicines were mostly used for gastrointestinal system diseases, heart and circulatory system disorders. When our …
Mms-Induced Cytomixis In Pollen Mother Cells Of Broad Bean (Vicia Faba L.), Tariq Ahmad Bhat, Sahba Parveen, Ainul Haq Khan
Mms-Induced Cytomixis In Pollen Mother Cells Of Broad Bean (Vicia Faba L.), Tariq Ahmad Bhat, Sahba Parveen, Ainul Haq Khan
Turkish Journal of Botany
Cytomixis was recorded during microsporogenesis in broad bean (Vicia faba L.), a member of the family Fabaceae. It is an important pulse crop used as vegetable, silage, forage and stock feed. The phenomenon of cytomixis was observed in various stages of meiosis in methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) treated populations of Vicia faba L. Cytomixis was observed to occur through various methods, i.e. by forming cytoplasmic channels, and direct fusion of pollen mother cells (PMCs), the former was more frequent than the latter. Both types were observed at different stages of microsporogenesis. The migration of nuclear content involved all the chromatin/chromosomes …
Check-List Of Additional Taxa To The Supplement Flora Of Turkey Iii, Neri̇man Özhatay, Şükran Kültür
Check-List Of Additional Taxa To The Supplement Flora Of Turkey Iii, Neri̇man Özhatay, Şükran Kültür
Turkish Journal of Botany
This checklist contains a total of 295 taxa published as additions to the Flora of Turkey. It includes details of taxa neither recorded by P.H.Davis' "Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands" or its supplements, nor in the 2 previously published checklists. The records in this list are based on data given in nearly 195 papers published up to the end of 2004.
Teucrium Chasmophyticum Rech. F. (Lamiaceae): A New Record For The Flora Of Turkey, Ali̇ Arslan Dönmez
Teucrium Chasmophyticum Rech. F. (Lamiaceae): A New Record For The Flora Of Turkey, Ali̇ Arslan Dönmez
Turkish Journal of Botany
An interesting chasmophytic Teucrium specimen was collected from Siirt, SE Turkey. It was identified according to the Flora of Turkey as T. paederotoides but with some doubt about certain characters. It was identified as T. chasmophyticum without any doubt from Flora Iranica. Because of some indistinct points between these 2 taxa, the recently described taxon was re-evaluated. The type specimen of the taxon was examined at W herbarium and its revised description is given here. A photograph of the type specimen and the Turkish material taken from the field is supplied along with a map.
Alleviation Of Salinity-Induced Dormancy By Growth Regulators In Wheat Seeds, Zamin Shaheed Siddiqui, Syed Shahid Shaukat, Arif Uz Zaman
Alleviation Of Salinity-Induced Dormancy By Growth Regulators In Wheat Seeds, Zamin Shaheed Siddiqui, Syed Shahid Shaukat, Arif Uz Zaman
Turkish Journal of Botany
The effect of 2 growth regulators, betaine and thiourea, was examined to learn the extent to which they can alleviate salinity-induced dormancy of wheat seeds. Germination velocity (as measured by Timson index) progressively decreased with increasing salinity, while thiourea and betaine, alone or in combination, elevated the germination velocity of wheat seeds. Timson index showed significant improvement in germination velocity when thiourea was used at 225 mM NaCl. Likewise, the adverse effect of salinity on growth parameters, like root and shoot lengths and fresh and dry weights, was also alleviated considerably when growth regulators were added. The application of growth …
Net Planktonic Diatom (Bacillariophyceae) Composition Of Lake Abant (Bolu), Abuzer Çelekli̇, Okan Külköylüoğlu
Net Planktonic Diatom (Bacillariophyceae) Composition Of Lake Abant (Bolu), Abuzer Çelekli̇, Okan Külköylüoğlu
Turkish Journal of Botany
The diatom flora of Lake Abant was studied monthly for 2 years (June 2003-June 2005) from 3 littoral and 2 vertical stations. A total of 123 diatom taxa were identified. Some species (Asterionella formosa Hassall, Cymbella silesiaca Bleisch, C. cistula Kirchner, Fragilaria biceps (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot, F. dilata (Brebisson) Lange-Bertalot, Navicula radiosa Kützing, and Rhopalodia gibba Müller) showed frequent occurrence in each month at all stations. Numbers of diatoms were increased in certain months in autumn, i.e. November (83 taxa) and December (68 taxa) 2003, and August (65 taxa) and September (76 taxa) 2004.
Seasonal Variation Of Phytoplankton And Value Of Chlorophyll A In The Sarıyar Dam Reservoir (Ankara, Turkey), Tahi̇r Atici, Olcay Obali
Seasonal Variation Of Phytoplankton And Value Of Chlorophyll A In The Sarıyar Dam Reservoir (Ankara, Turkey), Tahi̇r Atici, Olcay Obali
Turkish Journal of Botany
The phytoplanktonic algae were determined in samples taken from 7 different locations at the Sarıyar Dam Reservoir (SDR) from March 1996 to June 1997. The seasonal variation of phytoplankton and their chlorophyll a were determined and contents were discussed in relation to the physical and chemical parameters of the water. The divisions Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta were dominant; however, Cyclotella, Navicula, Nitzschia and Synedra of Bacillariophyta, and Chlorella and Scenedesmus of Chlorophyta were abundant. Chlorophyll a reached its maximum levels during June and September 1996 and May 1997, corresponding to the maximum values of orthophosphate, sulphate, calcium and temperature in the …
Net Diatom (Bacillariophyceae) Flora Of Lake Gölköy (Bolu), Abuzer Çelekli̇
Net Diatom (Bacillariophyceae) Flora Of Lake Gölköy (Bolu), Abuzer Çelekli̇
Turkish Journal of Botany
The diatom flora of Lake Gölköy was studied monthly over 2 years (June 2003-June 2005) from 3 littoral and 2 vertical stations in Lake Gölköy (Bolu, Turkey). A total of 119 diatom taxa were identified, most of them belonging to Naviculaceae (48.7%) Kützing, Fragilariceae (16.8%) Hustedt, Surirellaceae (11.8%) Kützing, and Bacillariaceae (6.7%) Ehrenberg, from which many species (Asterionella formosa Hassall, Aulacoseria granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen, Cyclotella praetermis Lund, Cymbella cistula Kirchner, Fragilaria biceps (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot, F. crotonensis Kitton, F. dilata (Brebisson) Lange-Bertalot, Navicula radiosa Kützing, and Nitzschia sigmoidae (Nitzsch) Smith) were found each month at all stations. Species richness was especially …
Red Tide Observations Along The Eastern Black Sea Coast Of Turkey, Ali̇ Muzaffer Feyzi̇oğlu, Hamdi̇ Öğüt
Red Tide Observations Along The Eastern Black Sea Coast Of Turkey, Ali̇ Muzaffer Feyzi̇oğlu, Hamdi̇ Öğüt
Turkish Journal of Botany
To determine the occurrence of dominant phytoplanktonic species causing red tides along the eastern Black Sea (Trabzon) coast of Turkey, multiple samples were collected periodically between 1991 and 2001. Red tide events were observed only during the periods between February and July. Six phytoplanktonic species causing 5 red tide events detected were Diplopsalis lenticula, Euglena acusformis, Eutreptia lanowii, Pyramimonas orientalis, Scrippsiella trochoidea, and Gymnodinium sanguineum. Numeric density of species during the red tide events ranged between 0.97 x 10^6 and 356 x 10^6 cells l^{-1}. During the red tides, the highest level of chlorophyll-a biomass ranged between 4.6 and 54.87 …
Morphological, Anatomical And Palynological Investigation On Sonchus Erzincanicus Matthews (Asteraceae), Ali̇ Kandemi̇r, Serdal Makbul, Zafer Türkmen, Murat Yilmaz
Morphological, Anatomical And Palynological Investigation On Sonchus Erzincanicus Matthews (Asteraceae), Ali̇ Kandemi̇r, Serdal Makbul, Zafer Türkmen, Murat Yilmaz
Turkish Journal of Botany
In this study, Sonchus erzincanicus Matthews (Asteraceae) collected from Erzincan (Turkey) has been investigated by its leaf and stem anatomical features, pollen grain characteristics and ecological features. It is an endemic perennial herbs growing in slightly basic with low organic content soil. Stem cortex seen transparently is composed of parenchyma cells. The leaves are bifacial and have stomata cells that are anomocytic. The pollen type of the species is trizonocolporate. All anatomical studies including transverse sections of the stems and leaves and surface section of leaves are illustrated for the firs time.
Foliar Response Of Ipomea Pes-Tigridis L. To Coal-Smoke Pollution, Rama Bharti Verma, -- Mahmooduzzafar, Tariq Omar Siddiqi, Muhammad Iqbal
Foliar Response Of Ipomea Pes-Tigridis L. To Coal-Smoke Pollution, Rama Bharti Verma, -- Mahmooduzzafar, Tariq Omar Siddiqi, Muhammad Iqbal
Turkish Journal of Botany
Air pollutants emitted from Badarpur Thermal Power Plant, New Delhi, influenced the foliar features of a common weed, Ipomea pes-tigridis L., as observed at distances 0.5, 2, 6, 12 and 16 km from the emission source. Observations recorded at the pre-flowering, flowering and post-flowering stages of plant growth indicated that the stomatal pore size, number of stomata, and stomatal index on both surfaces of leaves decreased near the source of pollution. Compared with the control, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents decreased significantly under pollution stress. Rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance dropped drastically, whereas CO_2 level in the mesophyll …
Microfungi Isolated From Plants In Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey, Zeli̇ha Bahçeci̇oğlu, Şanli Kabaktepe, Bayram Yildiz
Microfungi Isolated From Plants In Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey, Zeli̇ha Bahçeci̇oğlu, Şanli Kabaktepe, Bayram Yildiz
Turkish Journal of Botany
Herein, 146 microfungi species and their hosts recorded in Kahramanmaraş province are given with their localities. The research was carried out between 2000 and 2004. Approximately 1821 vascular plant specimens infected and uninfected with microfungi were collected from the area. In total, 146 microfungi species were identified on the collected host specimens. These species belong to 36 genera and 17 families; 43 species belong to Ascomycota, 94 to Basidiomycota, 1 to Oomycota, and 8 to Mitosporic Fungi (Deuteromycota). Five microfungi are given at the generic level, 16 species are new records for Turkey, and 4 new hosts were recorded for …
Seed Morphology And Seed Coat Sculpturing Of Epilobium L. Species (Onagraceae Juss.) From Iran, Reza Sheikh Akbari, Dina Azizian
Seed Morphology And Seed Coat Sculpturing Of Epilobium L. Species (Onagraceae Juss.) From Iran, Reza Sheikh Akbari, Dina Azizian
Turkish Journal of Botany
The seeds of 32 specimens belonging to 15 species from 2 sections of the genus Epilobium L. (Onagraceae Juss.) were studied by both a light and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Seed morphology of the examined specimens exhibits some variation in shape and size. Seed size ranges between 0.97 mm and 2.2 mm in length. They are ovate, oblong-ovate, and narrowly ovate (ovate-attenuate). The results of SEM investigation of seed coat sculpturing also revealed 5 distinct types of surface structure of the seeds, which are mainly correlated to external morphology of the species.
Myxomycetes Of Kestel Forest (Kadınhanı, Konya), Gönül Demi̇rel, Giyasetti̇n Kaşik, Celaleddi̇n Öztürk
Myxomycetes Of Kestel Forest (Kadınhanı, Konya), Gönül Demi̇rel, Giyasetti̇n Kaşik, Celaleddi̇n Öztürk
Turkish Journal of Botany
The samples of Myxomycetes recorded in this study were collected from Kestel forest (Kadınhanı, Konya) in 2003 and 2004. As a result of field and laboratory studies, 7 families, and 32 taxa belonging to 11 genera were determined. Eight of these were collected in their natural habitat while 24 were isolated in moist chamber culture.
Isolation Of Dna For Sequence Analysis From Herbarium Material Of Some Lichen Specimens, Sümer Aras, Demet Cansaran Duman
Isolation Of Dna For Sequence Analysis From Herbarium Material Of Some Lichen Specimens, Sümer Aras, Demet Cansaran Duman
Turkish Journal of Botany
An improved protocol for the isolation of DNA from herbarium material of some lichen specimens is described. The isolated DNA is suitable for PCR reactions for DNA sequence analysis. The hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) based protocol defined in this study provides a number of advantages, mainly speed and reliability. In addition, different DNA extraction protocols were examined to determine the yield of DNA from the thallus of lichen specimens. The methods examined include a CTAB based protocol and a sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) based protocol. Although these procedures yielded DNA of suitable purity for PCR analysis, the improved protocol yielded DNA …