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- Antibody-Secreting Cells; Carp Cyprinus-carpio; Rainbow-Trout; Oncorhynchus-mykiss; Bone-Marrow; Humoral Immunity (1)
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- Cell Differentiation; Factor Bsap; Activator Protein; Chain Gene; 3'Alpha Enhancer; Nf-Hb (1)
- Chesapeake-Bay; Salinity; Susceptibility; Temperature; Epizootiology (1)
- Coastal wetlands; disease ecology; eutrophication; fertilizer; host traits; intertidal (1)
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Articles 31 - 60 of 107
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Epizootiology Of Mycobacteriosis In Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis): Large-Scale Field Survey, David T. Gauthier, Robert Latour, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
Epizootiology Of Mycobacteriosis In Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis): Large-Scale Field Survey, David T. Gauthier, Robert Latour, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Striped bass in Virginia and Maryland waters of Chesapeake Bay are experiencing an ongoing epizootic of mycobacteriosis. Visceral disease prevalence exceeding 50% has been reported in several locations by various authors, and skin lesion prevalence exceeding 30% has been observed. The high prevalence of skin lesions observed in Chesapeake Bay striped bass is unusual and has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously in wild fishes.
Role Of Apolipoprotein A-1 In Defense Against Bacteria By Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis), L. Danielle Johnston
Role Of Apolipoprotein A-1 In Defense Against Bacteria By Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis), L. Danielle Johnston
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
B Cell Heterogeneity In The Teleost Kidney: Evidence For A Maturation Gradient From Anterior To Posterior Kidney, Patty Zwollo, Suzanne Cole, Erin Bromage, Stephen Kaattari
B Cell Heterogeneity In The Teleost Kidney: Evidence For A Maturation Gradient From Anterior To Posterior Kidney, Patty Zwollo, Suzanne Cole, Erin Bromage, Stephen Kaattari
VIMS Articles
The fish immune system is quite different from the mammalian system because the anterior kidney forms the main site for hematopoiesis in this species. Using transcription factor-specific Abs derived from the murine system, together with anti-trout Ig Abs and Percoll gradient separation, we analyzed B cells from trout kidney sections and compared them to those from spleen and blood. For this study, immune cells were separated by Percoll gradients, and the resulting subpopulations were defined based on expression of B cell-specific transcription factors Pax-5 and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1, as well as proliferative and Ig-secreting properties. Comparison of kidney, blood, …
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2004 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Ryan Carnegie, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2004 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Ryan Carnegie, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
2004 was the second very wet year in a row. While rainfall and streamflows were normal in winter and early spring, and just slightly above average during the summer, the fall of 2004 was nearly as wet as the year before. Salinities were again depressed throughout the lower Bay. Water temperatures were below normal during the winter, but typical otherwise. Low salinities and, in the winter, temperatures brought continued abatement in the oyster diseases caused by Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) and Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). Among quarterly James River Survey sites, maximum annual P. marinus prevalences were the lowest they had been …
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2003 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Ryan Carnegie, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2003 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Ryan Carnegie, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
Low temperatures and salinities brought abatement in the oyster diseases caused by Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) and Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) for the first time since 1998. In the James River, P. marinus prevalences were the lowest they had been since 1998. In summer and fall, when P. marinus is normally most prevalent, it was found in a maximum of 72% of oysters at Wreck Shoal and in less than half the oysters at Horsehead Rock and Point of Shoals. Advanced infections were very rare. Haplosporidium nelsoni had disappeared completely from quarterly James River samples by July
Dynamics Of The Host-Parasite Interaction: In Vitro Correlates Of Crassostrea-Induced Modulation Of Perkinsus Marinus Function, Christopher G. Earnhart
Dynamics Of The Host-Parasite Interaction: In Vitro Correlates Of Crassostrea-Induced Modulation Of Perkinsus Marinus Function, Christopher G. Earnhart
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Perkinsus marinus is an alveolate protozoan parasite of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) which is responsible for much of the decline in United States oyster populations. Perkinsus marinus can be cultured in vitro, but is rapidly attenuated in the process. Supplementation of a protein-free medium with oyster products altered proliferation, changed protease expression in the parasite extracellular products (ECP), induced morphological forms typically seen in vivo, and partially reversed parasite attenuation. Supplements derived from dissected oyster tissues were used to determine if these changes could be differentially elicited. These supplements, with the exception of adductor muscle, reduced proliferation. Whole oyster …
Plasmablast And Plasma Cell Production And Distribution In Trout Immune Tissues, E S. Bromage, I M. Kaattari, P Zwollo, S L. Kaattari
Plasmablast And Plasma Cell Production And Distribution In Trout Immune Tissues, E S. Bromage, I M. Kaattari, P Zwollo, S L. Kaattari
VIMS Articles
These studies describe the in vitro and ex vivo generation of plasmablasts and plasma cells in trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) peripheral blood and splenic and anterior kidney tissues. Cells were derived either from naive trout and cultured with the polyclonal activator, Escherichia coli LPS, or from trout that had been immunized with trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Hydroxyurea was used to resolve populations of replicating (plasmablast) and nonreplicating (plasma cell) Ab-secreting cells (ASC). Complete inhibition of Ig secretion was only observed within the PBL. Both anterior kidney and splenic lymphocytes possessed a subset of ASCs that were hydroxyurea resistant. Thus, in vitro production …
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2002 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2002 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
Samples collected monthly from the upper James River sites from January through May showed a decline in P. marinus prevalence during the 4 winter and spring following a typical annual pattern; however, annual minimums were atypically high, particularly at Point of Shoals and Wreck Shoal (12-44%). Unusually high salinity conditions and warm winter temperatures promoted high overwintering survival of the pathogen and an early onset of the disease in the summer months. Perkinsus marinus prevalence increased to 100% at all four of the upper river stations and record high infection intensities were observed at Deepwater Shoal and Horsehead Rock. It …
Are Pfiesteria Species Toxicogenic? Evidence Against Production Of Ichthyotoxins By Pfiesteria Shumwayae, Jp Berry, Kimberly S. Reece, Ks Rein, Dg Baden, Lw Haas, Wl Ribeiro, Jeffrey D. Shields, Rv Snyder, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Re Gawley
Are Pfiesteria Species Toxicogenic? Evidence Against Production Of Ichthyotoxins By Pfiesteria Shumwayae, Jp Berry, Kimberly S. Reece, Ks Rein, Dg Baden, Lw Haas, Wl Ribeiro, Jeffrey D. Shields, Rv Snyder, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Re Gawley
VIMS Articles
The estuarine genus Pfiesteria has received considerable attention since it was first identified and proposed to be the causative agent of fish kills along the mid-Atlantic coast in 1992. The presumption has been that the mechanism of fish death is by release of one or more toxins by the dinoflagellate. In this report, we challenge the notion that Pfiesteria species produce ichthyotoxins. Specifically, we show that (i) simple centrifugation, with and without ultrasonication, is sufficient to "detoxify" water of actively fish-killing cultures of Pfiesteria shumwayae, (ii) organic extracts of lyophilized cultures are not toxic to fish, (fit) degenerate primers that …
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2001 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2001 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
Thirty-nine oyster populations were surveyed for disease in fall 2001. Perkinsus marinus was found in all areas sampled and prevalence exceeded 90% at all but 5 sample locations. In the James River P. marinus prevalence ranged from 88-100% at Deepwater Shoal, Horsehead Rock, Point of Shoals, Wreck Shoal, Mulberry Point, Swash, Long Shoal, and Dry Shoal. A lower prevalence was observed down river at Thomas Rock, 72%, and at Nansemond Ridge, 12%. The extremely low prevalence at Nansemond Ridge is likely age and density related; the oyster population was primarily comprised of spat; few small to market oysters were present …
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2000 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2000 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
As a consequence of the relatively warm temperatures, high salinities, and high oyster parasite abundances in the fall of 1999, both P. marinus and H. nelsoni were widely distributed throughout oyster populations in Virginia in 2000. Fortunately, however, we did not see severe epizootics of the diseases as observed in some areas in 1999.
Reduction In Dna Binding Activity Of The Transcription Factor Pax-5a In B Lymphocytes Of Aged Mice, J Anspach, G Poulsen, I Kaattari, R Pollock, P Zwollo
Reduction In Dna Binding Activity Of The Transcription Factor Pax-5a In B Lymphocytes Of Aged Mice, J Anspach, G Poulsen, I Kaattari, R Pollock, P Zwollo
VIMS Articles
Aging has been associated with intrinsic changes of the humoral immune response, which may lead to an increased occurrence of autoimmune disorders and pathogenic susceptibility. The transcription factor Pax-5 is a key regulator of B cell development. Pax-5a/B cell-specific activator protein and an alternatively spliced isoform, Pax-Sd, may have opposing functions in transcriptional regulation due to the lack of a transactivation domain in Pax-Sd. To study B cell-specific changes that occur during the aging process, we investigated expression patterns of Pax-Sa and Sd in mature B cells of young and aged mice. RNase protection assays showed a similar transcriptional pattern …
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1999 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1999 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
As a consequence of the relatively warm temperatures and high salinities severe epizootics of both H. nelsoni and P. marinus occurred in most tributaries in VA. In the upper James River, VA prevalences and intensities of P. marinus were the highest on record. The proportion of advanced infections (moderate and heavy intensity) in October was 60% at Wreck Shoal and 48% at Horsehead Rock suggesting that significant oyster mortalities occurred in these areas. 1 Record high levels of P. marinus were also observed in Virginia's other major tributaries. Of the 39 bay oyster populations surveyed in the fall, P. marinus …
Mortality And Hematology Of Blue Crabs, Callinectes Sapidus, Experimentally Infected With The Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium Perezi, Jeffrey D. Shields, Christopher M. Squyars
Mortality And Hematology Of Blue Crabs, Callinectes Sapidus, Experimentally Infected With The Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium Perezi, Jeffrey D. Shields, Christopher M. Squyars
VIMS Articles
On the eastern seaboard of the United States, populations of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, experi-ence recurring outbreaks of a parasitic dinoflagellate, Hematodinium perezi. Epizootics fulminate in summer and autumn causing mortalities in high-salinity embayments and estuaries. In laboratory studies, we experimentally investigated host mortality due to the disease, assessed differential hemato-logical changes in infected crabs, and examined proliferation of the parasite.
The Specific Immune Response In Rainbow Trout: Somatic Hypermutation And Vh Gene Utilization, Teresa D. Lewis
The Specific Immune Response In Rainbow Trout: Somatic Hypermutation And Vh Gene Utilization, Teresa D. Lewis
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The study of antibody responses in prominent aquaculture species such as the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, can facilitate vaccine development and contribute to producing useful paradigms of adaptive immunity in lower vertebrates. Thus, it is essential to identify genes responsible for antibody responses. In the mouse model, hybridoma technology allows for the association of monoclonal antibodies possessing various affinities for antigen with specific VH sequences, gene family utilization, and other molecular events (i.e. somatic hypermutation) that occur during the specific immune response. The absence of a comparable hybridoma technology in piscine systems has limited similar studies of fish immunogenetics to …
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1998 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1998 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
No abstract provided.
Environmental Factors And The Infectious Disease Caused By The Protozoan Parasite, Perkinsus Marinus, In Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica), Fle Chu
VIMS Articles
Temperature and salinity are two important factors limiting the distribution and abundance of Perkinsus marinus, a protozoan parasite of Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Results of laboratory studies ale consistent with field observations and clearly demonstrate that P. marinus susceptibility and disease advancement are positively correlated with temperature, salinity and in situ number of infective cells. Laboratory findings also suggest that environmental degradation may enhance the epizootic, although disease caused by P. marinus in oysters is known to be predominantly exacerbated by elevated temperature and salinity. Oysters cellular defence mechanisms appear ineffective in defence against P. marinus. Also, pollutant esposure caused …
Potential Role Of Protease-Antiprotease Interactions In Perkinsus Marinus Infection In Crassostrea Spp., M Faisal, Jl Oliver, Sl Kaataari
Potential Role Of Protease-Antiprotease Interactions In Perkinsus Marinus Infection In Crassostrea Spp., M Faisal, Jl Oliver, Sl Kaataari
VIMS Articles
Perkinsus marinus causes devastating losses in populations of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Our studies have demonstrated that P. marinus secretes extracellular serine proteases which enhance parasite propagation and compromise host defences. Crassostrea virginica. however, possesses several inhibitors of these proteases. The Pacific oyster (C. gigas) is resistant to P. marinus and possesses protease inhibitors with significantly higher specific activities than those in C. virginica. Interestingly, Crassostrea spp. themselves, elaborate metalloprotease activities which can be detected in their plasma, and are increased during P. marinus infections. Together our work suggests that there may be a broad spectrum of humoral host …
Histopathological Alterations Associated With Perkinsus Spp. Infection In The Softshell Clam Mya Arenaria, Sm Mclaughlin, M Faisal
Histopathological Alterations Associated With Perkinsus Spp. Infection In The Softshell Clam Mya Arenaria, Sm Mclaughlin, M Faisal
VIMS Articles
Softshell clams (Mya arenaria) collected from the Chester River in the upper Chesapeake Bay showed the presence of Perkinsus spp, in similar to 12 % (28/240) Of clams examined. The infection seems to run a mild course with the host prevailing in encapsulating invading parasites. The gills appear to be the major site of infection, however, the parasite was also found in the digestive gland, gonads, and kidneys and occasionally in the tissue and sinuses of adductor muscles. Typically, clusters of protozoal cells were embedded in on amorphous PAS-positive substrate and were surrounded by one or more layers of granulocytes. …
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1997 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1997 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
No abstract provided.
In Vitro Propagation Of Two Perkinsus Species From The Softshell Clam Mya Arenaria, Sm Mclaughlin, M Faisal
In Vitro Propagation Of Two Perkinsus Species From The Softshell Clam Mya Arenaria, Sm Mclaughlin, M Faisal
VIMS Articles
Two continuous, axenic cultures of Perkinsus spp. (H49 and G117)were obtained from the softshell clam Mya arenaria collected from Swan Point in the Chester River, Chesapeake Bay (Maryland).
Isolate H49 was obtained from the hemolymph of a heavily infected clam. Except for their larger size, H49 trophozoites and schizonts exhibited the characteristic morphology of Perkinsus marinus and divided by schizogony. Isolate G117 was obtained from a combined gill/palp sample of a moderately infected clam. Unlike H49, vegetative forms (trophozoites and schizonts) of G117 were present along with prezoosporulation stages in the same culture. In culture, G117 cells multiplied by both …
The Parasite Fauna Of The Wreckfish, Polyprion Americanus, In The North Atlantic Ocean: Application To Host Biology And Stock Identification, Colleen Jill Fennessy
The Parasite Fauna Of The Wreckfish, Polyprion Americanus, In The North Atlantic Ocean: Application To Host Biology And Stock Identification, Colleen Jill Fennessy
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1996 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1996 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
No abstract provided.
Development Of A Protein-Free Chemically Defined Culture Medium For The Propagation Of The Oyster Pathogen Perkinsus Marinus, Jf Lapeyre, M Faisal
Development Of A Protein-Free Chemically Defined Culture Medium For The Propagation Of The Oyster Pathogen Perkinsus Marinus, Jf Lapeyre, M Faisal
VIMS Articles
In the present study we describe a protein-free, chemically defined culture medium, designated JL-ODRP-3, which supports the propagation of Perkinsus marinus, a parasite of the eastern oyster, Crassotrea virginica. P. marinus adapted rapidly to the defined medium and the growth rate of the protozoan increased significantly following a few subcultures. Two isolates of P. marinus, one from the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia) and the other from the Gulf of Mexico (Texas) were cultured for at least ten passes. The doubling times far the isolates from Virginia and Texas, in Jog phase, were 18 +/- 1.2 and 28.6 +/- 3.2 hours respectively, …
Parasitological Examination Of Wasting Disease In Black Abalone, Haliotis Cracherodii : Final Report, Jeffrey D. Shields, Frank O. Perkins
Parasitological Examination Of Wasting Disease In Black Abalone, Haliotis Cracherodii : Final Report, Jeffrey D. Shields, Frank O. Perkins
Reports
Black abalone in southern California are afflicted with chronic intestinal infections of a rickettsia-like organism that causes a debilitating and fatal withering syndrome. The hematology of withered animals indicated that cellular degradation and apoptosis occurred in tandem with the · decline and catabolism of abalone tissues. Two types of hemocytes were found in the hemolymph. Type I and Type II Hyalinocytes were distinguished by subtle differences in their cytoplasmic vesicles. Densities of both types of hemocytes declined in abundance, and small, presumptive stem cells increased in abundance with the progression of the disease. No circulating granulocytes were present in hemolymph; …
Optimal Culture Conditions For The Propagation Of The Oyster Pathogen Perkinsus Marinus (Apicomplexa) In Protein Deficient Medium, Jf Lapeyre, M Faisal
Optimal Culture Conditions For The Propagation Of The Oyster Pathogen Perkinsus Marinus (Apicomplexa) In Protein Deficient Medium, Jf Lapeyre, M Faisal
VIMS Articles
The protozoan, Perkinsus marinus, acclimated and proliferated in the culture medium JL-ODRP-1 without bovine serum albumin. The principal culture conditions for the optimal propagation of P. marinus in this protein deficient culture medium, were determined. The greatest growth rates of the parasite occurred at 28 degrees C, 661 mOsm/kg and pH 7.5. Decreasing seeding densities from 16 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(5) also increased growth rate. After several passages in the absence of 5% CO2 tension, the growth rate of P. marinus was similar to its original value in the presence of 5% CO2 tension. This protein deficient culture …
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1995 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1995 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
No abstract provided.
Guided Imagery As A Psychoneuroimmunological Intervention For Hiv-Positive Individuals, Christopher Dale Keene
Guided Imagery As A Psychoneuroimmunological Intervention For Hiv-Positive Individuals, Christopher Dale Keene
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1994 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1994 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
No abstract provided.
An Ultra Structural Study Of Sporogenesis, Vegatative Morphology, And Host-Parasite Interactions In Choreonema Thuretii (Corallinales, Rhodophyta), Elizabeth Anne Lapointe
An Ultra Structural Study Of Sporogenesis, Vegatative Morphology, And Host-Parasite Interactions In Choreonema Thuretii (Corallinales, Rhodophyta), Elizabeth Anne Lapointe
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.