Life Sciences Commons^™

Some Intermountain Endemics, Arthur H. Holmgren

Faculty Honor Lectures

A growing concern for the welfare of endangered or threatened plant and animal species has developed during the past few years, coinciding with an awareness of mankind's deleterious influence on the environment. Technological man has altered vast areas of the earth's surface to such an extent that many species have been endangered or made extinct. Transcontinental highways, shopping malls, industrial parks, home sites where they shouldn't be, and huge acreages turned over by the plow for monocultures, have taken a toll on our native vegetation to such an extent that many species have either lost their diversity or have disappeared. …

Laboratory Apparatus For Providing Diel Temperature Regimes For Aquatic Animals, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, G. Davis

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

In studies of the effects of elevated temperature on aquatic organisms, little emphasis has been placed on modeling the fluctuating temperatures to which organisms are exposed in nature. To some extent this may be related to problems of design and maintenance of apparatus for fluctuating temperature control. The complexity of apparatus used to provide cycled temperatures has ranged from manually controlled valves for introducing water of different temperatures into aquariums (Kelso 1972), to a complex and expensive feedback system, regulated by rotating cams, that controls the temperature of influent water (Honeywell Cam Programmer Thermometers, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania). To facilitate studies …

Food And Distribution Of Underyearling Brook And Rainbow Trout In Castle Lake, California, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, R. Brocksen, C. Goldman

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

A difference was found in the summer distribution of underyearling brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), and planted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in Castle Lake, California. Brook trout underyearlings oriented to the bottom and were found primarily in shallow water on the eastern shore of the lake near springs. The rainbow trout underyearlings were more pelagic and were found in the littoral areas along the entire shoreline. Gravimetrically, the food eaten during the summer by brook trout underyearlings was 13% terrestrial, 11% limnetic, and 76% benthic. Rainbow trout ate 15% terrestrial, 15% limnetic, and 70% benthic food. In summer, rainbow …

Coyotes And Sheep, Frederic H. Wagner

Faculty Honor Lectures

To many persons not in the profession, the term wildlife management largely connotes the husbandry of fish, birds, or mammals for hunting and fishing purposes. Even if we grant an implied breadth in his use of the term "recreation," Leopold's (1933:3) definition of game management in his classic book by the same name tends to foster this impression: " ... the art of making land produce sustained annual crops of wild game for recreational

The Evolution Of Parasitism Among Bees, George E. Bohart

Faculty Honor Lectures

Before discussing parasitic bees, I will present a rough outline of the biology of "ordinary" or non-parasitic bees. The superfamily Apoidea (bees) includes perhaps 25,000 or 30,000 species divided into nine families by recent authorities (Stephen, Bohart, Torchio, 1969) . A common biological thread holding this vast assemblage together is the provision by adults of pollen and nectar for their young. Only in the honey bees (the genus Apis which includes four species) are the larvae fed primarily on a different substance (a secretion of the pharyngeal glands) , and even this is derived from pollen and honey eaten by …

Aggressive Man And Aggressive Beast, Allen W. Stokes

Faculty Honor Lectures

Whether man can live in harmeny with his environment depends in great measure en his ability to' live with his fellew man. Can man learn to' engineer human seciety in time to' prevent a helecaust? Mere specifically, can we learn to' prevent aggressien er to' channel it harmlessly? The ethelegist leeks upen man's behavier as just part ef the tetal spectrum ef animal behavier. Therefere, much of what we learn abeut the behavier ef lewer animals sheuld relate to' human behavier.

Aggressien is in the headlines every day, and in the past few years there has been a 'Steady stream …

Coccidiosis Of Cattle, Datus M. Hammod

Faculty Honor Lectures

The disease known as coccidiosis occurs in many domestic and wild animals. It is of great importance in chickens, in which coccidiosis is one of the chief causes of losses to the producer. In cattle the disease was estimated by Fitzgerald in 1962' to cause an . annual loss of $3,500,000 in calves under one year of age in the 11 western states and $7,500,000 in the seven west north-central states. In making this estimate Fitzgerald calculated that 90 percent of all calves are infected by coccidia, and that the average loss amounted to 75 cents per head on all …

Range Liverstock Nutrition And Its Importance In The Intermountain Region, C. Wayne Cook

Faculty Honor Lectures

It has been estimated that about 728 million acres or about 76 percent of the entire land area in the West is used for grazing (Stoddard and Smith 1956). In Utah about 93 percent of the land area or 48,900,000 acres is considered range land (Reuss and Blanch 1951). Although some of this range land is forested, a large area of it can be used only for grazing. Therefore, range livestock production is an important segment of western agriculture.

Before 19'00 most of the animals in the West grazed on the range all year. However, irrigation crop production has expanded …

Bulletin No. 135 - A Study In Annual Egg Production: Based On The Records Of A Flock Of Seven-Year-Old Hens And Their Progeny, E. D. Ball, Geo. Turpin, Byron Alder

UAES Bulletins

Experimental work in breeding for egg production was started with this flock of Single Comb White Leghorns in 1907. The flock of 1907 was hatched from eggs from a small flock that had been introduced into the plant two or three years before.

After two years' records of these flocks had been completed and studied it was found that nearly three-fourths of the first flock had made better records the second year than they did the first and that there was a great variation in the two years' records of individual hens. This raised the question of whether the first …

Bulletin No. 127 - Report Of The Richmond-Lewiston Cow Testing Association, W. E. Carroll

UAES Bulletins

The function of all domestic animals is to utilize the coarse rough reeds and transform them into something useful to mankind, either food, clothing, or energy. The animal thus acts as a concentrator for low grade ores, so to speak. The class of animals which will produce most human food, clothing, or energy for man from a given amount of feel--other cost being equal--is the most economical and the one which will remain longest with us as population becomes more dense and the question of food supply becomes keener.

Experiments have shown the dairy cow to be probably the most …

Bulletin No. 107 - Improvement Of Utah Horses, John T. Caine Iii, H. J. Frederick

UAES Bulletins

Horse breeding in Utah, with some exceptions, has been carried on in a hap-hazard manner, and unsound horses of doubtful breeding have been purchased at high prices and have proven of little value. Where good blood has been introduced the temporary improvement has been marked, but as this work has not been followed up with care, results have not been lasting.

In spite of bad breeding, however, the standard of Utah horses has been advancing so that in western markets they command high pries. The climate, soil, feed and general conditions throughout the state make it an ideal place for …

Bulletin No. 102 - Poultry Experiments, James Dryden

UAES Bulletins

There are many problems connected with the housing of poultry. Among them the question of egg fertility is one of the most important. We have begun investigations at this Station to learn if possible what kind or method of housing is most conducive to a high percentage of fertility in the eggs. It is a serious question with many poultrymen how to maintain the percentage of fertile eggs, and there have been cases where the poultryman has been driven out of the business because of inability to renew his flock. There is little doubt that the artificial methods, both in …

Bulletin No. 96 - Care Of Milk On The Farm And The Manufacture Of Butter And Cheese, R. W. Clark

UAES Bulletins

Dairying is one of the most profitable lines of agriculture in Utah. Ever since the establishment of the dairy industry in the State, the demand for Utah butter and cheese has been strong and prices have averaged good. A good article will always sell at top price; a poor article may sell at a good price when the demand is strong, but it will not sell at a good price, if at all, when the demand is weak. High prices are undesirable at any time if they create a tendency to put out a poor article. The success of any …

Bulletin No. 92 - Poultry Experiments, James Dryden

UAES Bulletins

This bulletin reports experiments extending over several

years on the following subjects:

1. The egg-type in hens.

2. Breeding to increase egg yield.

3. Cost and profit of egg production.

4. Weight and cost of food eaten.

5. The value of exercise for the laying hen.

6. The relative value of different breeds.

7. The most profitable age of the hen.

8. The relative value of different forms of animal food.

9. The value of fat in poultry foods.

10. Feeding color into the egg.

11. Incubator experiments.

12. Tests of evaporation of eggs during incubation.

13. Tests of carbonic …

Bulletin No. 90 - Feeding Beet Molasses And Pulp To Sheep And Steers, Lewis A. Merrill, R. W. Clark

UAES Bulletins

Very few stockmen possess a knowledge of the value of beet pulp and beet molasses as animal food. Very little is known of the food value of molasses, but much information has accumulated, from time to time, concerning the value of pulp as stock food. The most authentic data at hand concerning the food value of pulp come from our experiment stations. To emphasize the value of pulp with the view to encourage small farmers to use it and thereby strengthen the live stock industry of the State, the results obtained by some of our experiment stations are given in …

Bulletin No. 82 - Feeding Beet Pulp To Steers And Sheep, R. W. Clark

UAES Bulletins

For the last two winters feeding experiments have been carried on by this Station to ascertain the value of beet pulp and beet molasses as food for sheep and steers. In a feeding test made with sheep two years ago, the results of which are reported in bulletin No. 78, sugar beet pulp and sugar beet molasses gave profitable returns. When lucern and pulp were fed, one pound of gain was made from 7.95 pounds of lucern and 17.86 pounds pulp. One hundred pounds of increase was made at a cost of $2.48 and pulp had a value of $1.86 …

Bulletin No. 94 - Summary Of Pig Feeding Experiments At The Utah Experiment Station From 1890 To 1902 With Deductions From The Same, F. B. Linfield

UAES Bulletins

The Utah Experiment Station has conducted a large number of feeding experiments with animals, the most extensive work in this direction being with hogs. Since the station was organized, over one hundred tests of various rations have been made and over three hundred hog;s have been fed. The results of these feeding tests are scattered through many hundred pages of reading matter in the station publications. As the continuation of these experiments fell upon the writer, it was decided to investigate thoroughly the work already done at the station and to tabulate the results for study. A summary of the …

Bulletin No. 67 - Poultry Experiments, James Dryden

UAES Bulletins

The results of the third year's work in egg production at this Station, together with the summing up of the results of the three years, are given herewith. The third year's work began Nov. 7,1898, and ended Nov. 1,1899. Some of the experiments originally planned have run the full period of three years. In addition to a continuation of the original work a set of feeding experiments was conducted during the third year. This latter work was made possible by the erection of an addition to the poultry house which doubled the experimental capacity of the building and made possible …

Bulletin No. 61 - Alfalfa Or Lucern: The Cutting Time. Its Feeding Value., Luther Foster, Lewis A. Merrill

UAES Bulletins

These experiments, as originally planed, had for their object the determination of the best time to cut alfalfa in order to secure the most profitable annual yield, its chemical composition, digestibility and the results of feeding trials being considered. A comparison of the yield and feeding value of the first, second and third crops was also made a part of the investigation, and as with the different cuttings, the composition and digestibility formed a part of the work. In conducting this experiment to determine the comparative feeding value of the various cuttings and of the different crops of alfalfa, some …

Bulletin No. 60 - Poultry Experiments, James Dryden

UAES Bulletins

The experiments in egg production outlined in Bulletin No. 51 of this Station, were, in the main, continued during the year ending November 7, 1898. The results of this second year's work are reported herein.

Bulletin No. 57 - By-Products Of The Dairy, F. B. Linfield

UAES Bulletins

Soon after becoming connected with the Station, the writer, from observations made in various parts of the State, was impressed with the necessity for investigation looking to the profitable disposal of the by-products of the dairy, both at the factory and on the farm. The common method at the factories seemed to be to feed hogs on milk or whey alone, and where grain was fed, it was only given to finish the hog for market. This method of management did not appear to be successful, for it generally took the whole season to get one crop of hogs ready …

Bulletin No. 54 - Cattle Feeding, Luther Foster, Lewis A. Merrill

UAES Bulletins

For three successive seasons, just preceding the work herein detailed, experiments had been conducted at this Station for the purpose of determining the comparative yield and feeding value of early, medium and late cut lucern, also of the first, second and third crops, the object being to decide, by chemical tests and feeding trials, at just what period of its growth lucern should be cut for the best results, and, pound per pound, the relative value of the different crops.

Bulletin No. 51 - Poultry Experiments, James Dryden

UAES Bulletins

In November, 1896, experiments in egg production were begun at this station.

Bulletin No. 43 - 1. Dairy Herd Record For 1984-95. 2. Winter Feeding Experiments With Dairy Cows. 3. Some Suggestions On The Building And Equipment Of Factories., F. B. Linfield

UAES Bulletins

The Dairy Department of this Station was fully organized by June 1894. The latter part of 1893 and early part of 1894 were devoted to fitting up the dairy rooms and getting the' necessary appliances and machinery in place. As our dairy herd was too small for experimental work, it was decided during the spring of 1894 to increase the number to fifteen head. The selection and purchasing of those cows were left to the writer.

Bulletin No. 42 - Creaming Experiments, F. B. Linfield

UAES Bulletins

During the summer of 1894, before our hand separator was fitted with power attachment, the writer found it scarcely practicable to run the separator, so that most of the milk was skimmed by deep setting. Although the usual methods of procedure were practiced, it was found impossible to get results that were satisfactory, or that would approximately compare with those reported from many eastern stations. Because of this and because ' the larger proportion of our dairymen use some method of setting, it was decided to undertake a series of experiments that might throw some light upon the subject. As …

Bulletin No. 40 - The Economic Production Of Pork, A. A. Mills

UAES Bulletins

This bulletin contains the detailed results of two years' work along the lines indicated, and a summary of the work of four years as far as it has been carried along these same lines.

In the summer of 1894, twelve lots of pigs were selected. They were purchased in Cache valley, and were a fair average of the pigs raised here. It was originally intended to put three pigs in each division, but just at the time of beginning the experiment it was difficult to procure enough animals of the proper age and size, so that the lots contained but …

Bulletin No. 36 - Relative Value Of Corn And Oats For Horses, A. A. Mills

UAES Bulletins

This Bulletin reports the continuation of the study of the best nutritive ratio for horses under moderate work. The experiment was so arranged that a direct comparison could be made between oats and corn as the principal grain ration. The work was planned by Prof. J. W. Sanborn, who was then Director of the Station.

Bulletin No. 30 - Narrow Vs. Wide Nutrituve Rations For Horses, J. W. Sanborn

UAES Bulletins

In the third annual report of this Station (1892) the result of feeding wide and narrow nutritive rations to horses was given. This trial was favorable to the narrow nutritive ration. This ration was made up of clover, oats and wheat", while the wide ration was made up of timothy and corn. The trial ran through the summer, when the influence of what has been termed heating food, like corn, might be less effective than in the winter season. Many believe that the more varieties of food given the better the result, as the palatableness of food, it is claimed, …