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Articles 2251 - 2280 of 6131

Full-Text Articles in Law

Uwlaw, Spring 2007, Vol. 55 Jun 2007

Uwlaw, Spring 2007, Vol. 55

Alumni Magazines

No abstract provided.

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Extending The Reach Of The Chinese Labor Law: How Does The Supreme People's Court's 2006 Interpretation Transform Labor Dispute Resolution, Jill E. Monnin Jun 2007

Extending The Reach Of The Chinese Labor Law: How Does The Supreme People's Court's 2006 Interpretation Transform Labor Dispute Resolution, Jill E. Monnin

Washington International Law Journal

Chinese workers are taking advantage of the dispute resolution tools that legal reform has provided in the past decade, including mediation, arbitration, and litigation. Despite a history of resolving disputes through informal mediation, more and more workers are relying on the new pathways of arbitration and civil suits in local courts. The 1993 Regulations on the Resolution of Enterprise Labor Disputes and the 1994 Labor Law facilitated workers’ access to formal legal forums. Then, in 2006, a Supreme People’s Court (“SPC”) interpretation made a number of important changes to the application of the Labor Law and workers’ access to dispute …

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In The Wake Of Sakhalin Ii: How Non-Governmental Administration Of Natural Resources Could Strengthn Russia's Enery Sector, Nowell David Beckett Bamberger Jun 2007

In The Wake Of Sakhalin Ii: How Non-Governmental Administration Of Natural Resources Could Strengthn Russia's Enery Sector, Nowell David Beckett Bamberger

Washington International Law Journal

Russia’s economically vital oil and gas industry is at a crossroads. Although foreign investment favored European nations in the wake of the Soviet collapse, in recent years American and European oil and gas companies have invested billions of dollars in Russia’s energy development and export distribution sectors. However, the 2006 restructuring of the $20 billion Sakhalin II project demonstrates that Russia’s energy sector has still not stabilized from the turbulent privatization of the 1990s. This comment explores the legal structures and Government policies affecting Russia’s oil and gas industry for evidence of the causes of institutional instability. It argues that …

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Toward A Fairer Model Of Consumer Assent To Standard Form Contracts: In Defense Of Restatement Subsection 211(3), Wayne R. Barnes May 2007

Toward A Fairer Model Of Consumer Assent To Standard Form Contracts: In Defense Of Restatement Subsection 211(3), Wayne R. Barnes

Washington Law Review

Standard form contracts permeate our very existence, and now even include contracts we assent to online by way of "clickwrap" and "browsewrap" methods. Notwithstanding the ever-increasing presence and complexity of such standard form contracts, both offline and online, the law of contracts in this area has remained fairly static since before the nineteenth century. The only meaningful salve to the problem of misinformed assent to onerous clauses in standard form contracts thus far has been the unconscionability doctrine, but that doctrine tends to be reserved for the harshest and severest terms. Therefore, a new tool is needed for courts to …

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Toward A Fairer Model Of Consumer Assent To Standard Form Contracts: In Defense Of Restatement Subsection 211(3), Wayne R. Barnes May 2007

Toward A Fairer Model Of Consumer Assent To Standard Form Contracts: In Defense Of Restatement Subsection 211(3), Wayne R. Barnes

Washington Law Review

Standard form contracts permeate our very existence, and now even include contracts we assent to online by way of "clickwrap" and "browsewrap" methods. Notwithstanding the ever-increasing presence and complexity of such standard form contracts, both offline and online, the law of contracts in this area has remained fairly static since before the nineteenth century. The only meaningful salve to the problem of misinformed assent to onerous clauses in standard form contracts thus far has been the unconscionability doctrine, but that doctrine tends to be reserved for the harshest and severest terms. Therefore, a new tool is needed for courts to …

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Citizen's Arrest Or Police Arrest? Defining The Scope Of Alaska's Delegated Citizen's Arrest Doctrine, Lael Harrison May 2007

Citizen's Arrest Or Police Arrest? Defining The Scope Of Alaska's Delegated Citizen's Arrest Doctrine, Lael Harrison

Washington Law Review

When a citizen witnesses the commission of a misdemeanor, Alaska law allows that citizen to arrest the offender on the spot. A citizen making such an arrest may request assistance from a police officer rather than physically subduing the offender alone. However, Alaska law does not clearly define how much assistance police may give before the citizen's arrest becomes a warrantless police arrest. That distinction is particularly important in misdemeanor arrests because Alaska follows the common law rule that citizens and officers may make warrantless misdemeanor arrests only for those misdemeanors committed in their presence. Officers may not make warrantless …

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No, You May Not Search My Car! Extending Georgia V. Randolph To Vehicle Searches, Alex Chan May 2007

No, You May Not Search My Car! Extending Georgia V. Randolph To Vehicle Searches, Alex Chan

Washington Law Review

In Georgia v. Randolph, the United States Supreme Court announced that third-party consent does not always suffice to immunize the search of a residence from Fourth Amendment attack. Specifically, the Court held that a police search of a residence conducted pursuant to the consent of one occupant, but over the express refusal of a physically present co-occupant with common authority, is unreasonable as to the nonconsenting occupant under the Fourth Amendment. The Court did not indicate whether its holding also extended to searches of personal effects, such as vehicles, conducted pursuant to third-party consent. As a general principle, the …

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Freedom To Explore: Using The Eleventh Amendment To Liberate Researchers At State Universities From Liability For Intellectual Property Infringements, Gary Pulsinelli May 2007

Freedom To Explore: Using The Eleventh Amendment To Liberate Researchers At State Universities From Liability For Intellectual Property Infringements, Gary Pulsinelli

Washington Law Review

In its 1999 decision in Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank, the Supreme Court held that the Eleventh Amendment protected states from suit for patent infringement, effectively making state universities immune from intellectual property suits. This Article analyzes how the Florida Prepaid decision affects researchers at state universities, and how those researchers may avoid liability under existing law. It first concludes that researchers at state universities might still be subject to injunctions against future infringement. The Article next observes that individual researchers at state universities might also face personal liability for damages, but then suggests …

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Plainly Offensive Babel: An Analytical Framework For Regulating Plainly Offensive Speech In Public Schools, Jerry C. Chiang May 2007

Plainly Offensive Babel: An Analytical Framework For Regulating Plainly Offensive Speech In Public Schools, Jerry C. Chiang

Washington Law Review

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to free speech. The guarantee is not absolute, however, and the U.S. Supreme Court has said that the First Amendment does not fully protect student speech in public schools. In Bethel School District v. Fraser, the Court held that schools could regulate "plainly offensive" speech. Circuit courts have interpreted and applied Fraser in an inconsistent manner, disagreeing as to what constitutes plainly offensive speech. The resulting case law is confusing and fails to provide lower courts with a clear analytical framework for evaluating First Amendment challenges to regulations …

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Plainly Offensive Babel: An Analytical Framework For Regulating Plainly Offensive Speech In Public Schools, Jerry C. Chiang May 2007

Plainly Offensive Babel: An Analytical Framework For Regulating Plainly Offensive Speech In Public Schools, Jerry C. Chiang

Washington Law Review

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to free speech. The guarantee is not absolute, however, and the U.S. Supreme Court has said that the First Amendment does not fully protect student speech in public schools. In Bethel School District v. Fraser, the Court held that schools could regulate "plainly offensive" speech. Circuit courts have interpreted and applied Fraser in an inconsistent manner, disagreeing as to what constitutes plainly offensive speech. The resulting case law is confusing and fails to provide lower courts with a clear analytical framework for evaluating First Amendment challenges to regulations …

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Freedom To Explore: Using The Eleventh Amendment To Liberate Researchers At State Universities From Liability For Intellectual Property Infringements, Gary Pulsinelli May 2007

Freedom To Explore: Using The Eleventh Amendment To Liberate Researchers At State Universities From Liability For Intellectual Property Infringements, Gary Pulsinelli

Washington Law Review

In its 1999 decision in Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank, the Supreme Court held that the Eleventh Amendment protected states from suit for patent infringement, effectively making state universities immune from intellectual property suits. This Article analyzes how the Florida Prepaid decision affects researchers at state universities, and how those researchers may avoid liability under existing law. It first concludes that researchers at state universities might still be subject to injunctions against future infringement. The Article next observes that individual researchers at state universities might also face personal liability for damages, but then suggests …

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Citizen's Arrest Or Police Arrest? Defining The Scope Of Alaska's Delegated Citizen's Arrest Doctrine, Lael Harrison May 2007

Citizen's Arrest Or Police Arrest? Defining The Scope Of Alaska's Delegated Citizen's Arrest Doctrine, Lael Harrison

Washington Law Review

When a citizen witnesses the commission of a misdemeanor, Alaska law allows that citizen to arrest the offender on the spot. A citizen making such an arrest may request assistance from a police officer rather than physically subduing the offender alone. However, Alaska law does not clearly define how much assistance police may give before the citizen's arrest becomes a warrantless police arrest. That distinction is particularly important in misdemeanor arrests because Alaska follows the common law rule that citizens and officers may make warrantless misdemeanor arrests only for those misdemeanors committed in their presence. Officers may not make warrantless …

Go to article

No, You May Not Search My Car! Extending Georgia V. Randolph To Vehicle Searches, Alex Chan May 2007

No, You May Not Search My Car! Extending Georgia V. Randolph To Vehicle Searches, Alex Chan

Washington Law Review

In Georgia v. Randolph, the United States Supreme Court announced that third-party consent does not always suffice to immunize the search of a residence from Fourth Amendment attack. Specifically, the Court held that a police search of a residence conducted pursuant to the consent of one occupant, but over the express refusal of a physically present co-occupant with common authority, is unreasonable as to the nonconsenting occupant under the Fourth Amendment. The Court did not indicate whether its holding also extended to searches of personal effects, such as vehicles, conducted pursuant to third-party consent. As a general principle, the …

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Digitized Book Search Engines And Copyright Concerns, Ari Okano Apr 2007

Digitized Book Search Engines And Copyright Concerns, Ari Okano

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

Internet companies, libraries, and archives increasingly are digitizing literary information and providing access to digitized content through Internet search engines. This Article compares digital book search engines from Google, Yahoo!, Amazon.com, and MSN and highlights the different approaches to each of these models. In the fall of 2005, two copyright infringement lawsuits were filed against Google for their new search engine, Google Book Search. At issue in both lawsuits is a component of Google Book Search, Google’s Library Project, through which Google is digitizing the entire library content—including copyrighted material—of the University of Michigan library. This Article examines the limits …

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When Is § 230 Immunity Lost?: The Transformation From Website Owner To Information Content Provider, Karen Alexander Horowitz Apr 2007

When Is § 230 Immunity Lost?: The Transformation From Website Owner To Information Content Provider, Karen Alexander Horowitz

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) offers broad protection for providers and users of interactive computer services against liability for defamation and other content-based claims when a third-party provides the information. Although providers and users of interactive computer services (ICSs) are permitted to exercise some editorial control while still avoiding legal liability, at some point, such editing may transform the provider or user of the ICS into an information content provider and deprive them of § 230 immunity. The key issue is where the threshold between permissible and impermissible editorial control lies. This Article delves into this issue …

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Electronic Health Records: Interoperability Challenges Patients' Right To Privacy, Laura Dunlop Apr 2007

Electronic Health Records: Interoperability Challenges Patients' Right To Privacy, Laura Dunlop

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

President George W. Bush's administration has outlined initial necessary steps to transform the healthcare delivery system through adoption of interoperable electronic health records ("EHRs") by the year 2014. This Article examines the nation's shift toward the use of EHR technology, which largely facilitates patient care by providing clinicians with the ability to review a more complete medical record at the time of treatment. Current legislation calls for financial support and technical standards. However, lawmakers neglect to fully address the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ("HIPAA") and the need to expand its application and enforcement. In addition, healthcare provider Anti-Kickback …

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Cases In Wake Of Dastar V. Twentieth Century Fox Continue To Narrow The Scope Of A "Reverse Passing Off" Claim, Jared Barrett Apr 2007

Cases In Wake Of Dastar V. Twentieth Century Fox Continue To Narrow The Scope Of A "Reverse Passing Off" Claim, Jared Barrett

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

In 2003, the United States Supreme Court decided Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp., narrowing the scope of protection under the federal Lanham Act for “reverse passing off.” “Reverse passing off” is derived from the statutory language in § 43(a) of the Lanham Act prohibiting a “false designation of origin” that is likely to cause consumer confusion and generally occurs where one company puts forth another company’s product as its own. A “reverse passing off” claim was also thought to be feasible against one who misrepresented the source of the creative or communicative work embodied in a …

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Brief Amici Curiae Of The National Employment Lawyers Association, The Naacp Legal Defense And Educational Fund, Inc., And Marianne Sawicki, In Support Of Respondent, 549 U.S. 1334 (2007) (No. 06-341), 2007 Wl 966520, Eric Schnapper, Marissa Tirona, Theodore Shaw Mar 2007

Brief Amici Curiae Of The National Employment Lawyers Association, The Naacp Legal Defense And Educational Fund, Inc., And Marianne Sawicki, In Support Of Respondent, 549 U.S. 1334 (2007) (No. 06-341), 2007 Wl 966520, Eric Schnapper, Marissa Tirona, Theodore Shaw

Court Briefs

No abstract provided.

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When The Price Is Too High: Rethinking China's Deterrence Strategy For Robbery, Peter D. Nestor Mar 2007

When The Price Is Too High: Rethinking China's Deterrence Strategy For Robbery, Peter D. Nestor

Washington International Law Journal

Economic property crime in China has soared since the country enacted market reforms in the early 1980s. Robbery rates are rising faster than most economic property crimes, such as larceny and fraud, and violent crimes, such as rape, murder, and assault. China’s strategy for deterrence is to raise the “price” of the crime by increasing the severity of the penalty. Since 1979, China’s criminal law has permitted the use of the death penalty for robbers in nearly all cases, and courts have applied it regularly and in many different types of robbery cases. Since 1983, China has formally engaged in …

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The International Law Exception To The Act Of State Doctrine: Redressing Human Rights Abuses In Papua New Guinea, Joshua Gregory Holt Mar 2007

The International Law Exception To The Act Of State Doctrine: Redressing Human Rights Abuses In Papua New Guinea, Joshua Gregory Holt

Washington International Law Journal

In Sarei v. Rio Tinto, the Ninth Circuit reversed the dismissal of Papua New Guinea residents’ alleged human rights violations and environmental tort claims under customary international law and the Alien Tort Claims Act. The Ninth Circuit decided that jus cogens norms precluded application of the Act of State Doctrine. The United States Supreme Court in Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino decided that U.S. courts could apply the Act of State Doctrine, absent an unambiguous and controlling international rule of law, to avoid judging foreign sovereigns’ acts within their own territories. This comment argues that crystallized legal norms …

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The 2006 Revisions To Japan's Equal Opportunity Employment Law: An Narrow Approach To A Pervasive Probem, Megan L. Starich Mar 2007

The 2006 Revisions To Japan's Equal Opportunity Employment Law: An Narrow Approach To A Pervasive Probem, Megan L. Starich

Washington International Law Journal

In June 2006, Japan changed its approach to employment discrimination by amending the Equal Employment Opportunity Law (“EEOL”). The change was prompted by increased gender discrimination litigation, domestic economic pressures relating to the low birth rate, a stagnant economy and declining labor force, and criticism from the United Nations. The revised law attempts to address several of the shortcomings of the old law. First, Japan has made the law applicable to all workers rather than just to women workers. Second, the revisions expand the scope of the law by including a section on indirect discrimination. Third, the revisions provide greater …

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Korea's New Prostitution Policy: Overcoming Challenges To Effectuate The Legislature's Intent To Protect Prostitutes From Abuse, Ji Hye Kim Mar 2007

Korea's New Prostitution Policy: Overcoming Challenges To Effectuate The Legislature's Intent To Protect Prostitutes From Abuse, Ji Hye Kim

Washington International Law Journal

Prostitution has been rampant in South Korea, exposing tens of thousands of women to abuse and violence. Beginning in 2000, however, women’s rights organizations spearheaded a legal reform campaign to change the nation’s prostitution policy. They drafted and proposed two bills to the National Assembly, which subsequently enacted them as laws. In passing the new legislation, the South Korean government vowed to eliminate prostitution as well as protect victims of exploitation and violence in the sex industry. However, the legislation fails to achieve these goals due to inherent inadequacies in the language and structure of the laws. This shortfall arises …

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China's Practice Of Procuring Organs From Executed Prisoners: Human Rights Groups Must Narrowly Tailor Their Criticism And Endorse The Chinese Constitution To End Abuses, Joan E. Hemphill Mar 2007

China's Practice Of Procuring Organs From Executed Prisoners: Human Rights Groups Must Narrowly Tailor Their Criticism And Endorse The Chinese Constitution To End Abuses, Joan E. Hemphill

Washington International Law Journal

For the past two decades, human rights groups, medical organizations, and the international media have excoriated China for procuring transplant organs from executed prisoners. This practice was first authorized under China’s 1984 “Temporary Rules Concerning the Utilization of Corpses or Organs from the Corpses of Executed Criminals” and it is widely used by the Chinese government. Reports from Chinese doctors and media sources reveal significant deficiencies both in the text and application of China’s current organ-procurement laws. The lack of clear legal parameters and the absence of enforcement measures have opened the door to problems of interpretation and misapplication, resulting …

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When Are There More Laws? When Do They Matter? Using Game Theory To Compare Laws, Power Distribution, And Legal Environments In The United States And China, Ji Li Mar 2007

When Are There More Laws? When Do They Matter? Using Game Theory To Compare Laws, Power Distribution, And Legal Environments In The United States And China, Ji Li

Washington International Law Journal

In several recent cases, the Supreme People’s Court of China ruled that local police owe a positive duty to protect individual members of the general public. In strong contrast, the United States Supreme Court declared in two police nonfeasance cases that such duty did not exist under the Federal Constitution. This is counterintuitive, because one would expect that in a liberal democracy where the judiciary is independent and powerful, judges would impose higher standard on local law enforcement officers. One possible explanation is that law does not matter in a developing country such as China, so laws are drafted and …

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What Impact Will The Revised Trade Union Law Of China Have On Foreign Business?, Zana Z. Bugaighis Mar 2007

What Impact Will The Revised Trade Union Law Of China Have On Foreign Business?, Zana Z. Bugaighis

Washington International Law Journal

Cheap labor. Minimal regulations. Bribable officials. Foreign corporations attracted to China because of its low cost of business have avoided the unionization desired by the Chinese Communist Party (“CCP”) despite China’s history of weak trade union laws and inconsistent enforcement of union mandates. However, recent concerns of social unrest have forced the CCP to consider reforming the political tools used to control Chinese society. The CCP wants to create social stability, avoid independent unionization, and prevent the westernization of China. Foreign Investment Enterprises (“FIEs”) present new challenges for labor market regulation in China with their large number of non-unionized workers …

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Comparing Foreign Investment In China, Post-Wto Accession, With Foreign Investment In The United States, Post-9/11, Jordan Brandt Mar 2007

Comparing Foreign Investment In China, Post-Wto Accession, With Foreign Investment In The United States, Post-9/11, Jordan Brandt

Washington International Law Journal

Ever since China instituted its “open-door policy” (gai ge kai fang) in 1978, the historically autarkic and largely mysterious country has morphed through external interactions with foreign countries and corporations into a hotbed for foreign investment activity. This foreign investment activity has forever changed China’s standing in the global community; today, China stands firm and elevated amongst the ranks of the globalized community as one of the leaders in attracting foreign investment. This article examines China’s rise as an economic power through the use of its foreign investment laws. It then compares the experience of China, a communist …

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The Korea Fair Trade Commission's Decision On Microsoft's Tying Practice: The Second-Best Remedy For Harmed Competitors, Sejin Kim Mar 2007

The Korea Fair Trade Commission's Decision On Microsoft's Tying Practice: The Second-Best Remedy For Harmed Competitors, Sejin Kim

Washington International Law Journal

In the spring of 2006, the Korea Fair Trade Commission (“KFTC”) imposed a fine of approximately thirty-one million dollars and a cease-and-desist order against Microsoft Corporation (“Microsoft”) for bundling its Windows Media Service (“WMS”), Windows Media Player (“WMP”), and Windows Messenger (“WM”) into its personal computer operating system “Windows.” Specifically, the KFTC ordered Microsoft to completely separate WMS from Windows and provide two different versions of Windows: one bundled with WMP and WM and the other without these two programs. It is also noteworthy that the KFTC required Microsoft to include the “Media/Messenger Centre” in the bundled version to help …

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Enforcement Of Contractual Terms In Clickwrap Agreements: Courts Refusing To Enforce Forum Selection And Binding Arbitration Clauses, Rachel Cormier Anderson Feb 2007

Enforcement Of Contractual Terms In Clickwrap Agreements: Courts Refusing To Enforce Forum Selection And Binding Arbitration Clauses, Rachel Cormier Anderson

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

In three recent cases, courts have invalidated portions of consumer clickwrap agreements containing either forum selection or binding arbitration clauses. In the first case, the Washington State Court of Appeals invalidated a forum selection clause found in a clickwrap agreement because the clause was contrary to state consumer protection policies. In the second case, the California Court of Appeals rejected a clickwrap agreement calling for binding arbitration in a specified forum when the plaintiff sought to bring a class action claim. Finally, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit recently declared a binding arbitration clause because it was …

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Follow That Car! Legal Issues Arising From Installation Of Tracking Devices In Leased Consumer Goods And Equipment, Leah Altaras Feb 2007

Follow That Car! Legal Issues Arising From Installation Of Tracking Devices In Leased Consumer Goods And Equipment, Leah Altaras

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

Recent court cases in Connecticut and California have challenged the commercial use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) for tracking and gathering data about consumers. Specifically, these cases focused on the terms and disclosures contained in automobile rental contracts relating to the use of GPS to monitor the driving patterns of rental car drivers. In response to concerns about consumer privacy, several states have also enacted legislation that addresses the use of tracking technology in the rental car market. This Article examines recent litigation concerning the use of GPS in rental cars and related legislative efforts. Although recent legislation and litigation …

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Suing Based On Spyware? Admissibility Of Evidence Obtained From Spyware In Violation Of Federal And State Wiretap Laws: O'Brien V. O'Brien As A Paradigmatic Case, Shan Sivalingam Feb 2007

Suing Based On Spyware? Admissibility Of Evidence Obtained From Spyware In Violation Of Federal And State Wiretap Laws: O'Brien V. O'Brien As A Paradigmatic Case, Shan Sivalingam

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

Early in 2005, a Florida intermediate appellate court ruled that a trial court adjudicating a divorce proceeding had properly excluded evidence that the wife obtained by installing a spyware program on the husband’s computer. The court held that the evidence was an intercepted electronic communication that violated a Florida statute modeled after the Federal Wiretap Act. The Florida court ruled that exclusion fell properly within the discretion of the trial court, despite the fact that the relevant Florida statute did not contain an exclusionary rule for intercepted electronic communications. This Article provides a short overview of the federal and state …

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