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Articles 1 - 30 of 168
Full-Text Articles in Law
Seattle Surveillance Ordinance Memo, Christopher Stevenson
Seattle Surveillance Ordinance Memo, Christopher Stevenson
Technology Law and Public Policy Clinic
No abstract provided.
Surveillance Policy Making By Procurement, Catherine Crump
Surveillance Policy Making By Procurement, Catherine Crump
Washington Law Review
In Seattle, the police obtained a surveillance drone with the approval of a city council that did not realize what it was doing. In Oakland, following a council review that lasted literally two minutes, the city created a data integration center that networked together all of its existing surveillance infrastructure. In San Diego, elected representatives were only dimly aware that the law enforcement agency they supervised had built and deployed innovative facial recognition technology. In an age of heightened concern about the militarization of local police and surveillance technology, how do local law enforcement agencies obtain cutting edge and potentially …
The Antidemocratic Sixth Amendment, Janet Moore
The Antidemocratic Sixth Amendment, Janet Moore
Washington Law Review
Criminal procedure experts often claim that poor people have no Sixth Amendment right to choose their criminal defense lawyers. These experts insist that the Supreme Court has reserved the Sixth Amendment right to choose for the small minority of defendants who can afford to hire counsel. This Article upends that conventional wisdom with new doctrinal, theoretical, and practical arguments supporting a Sixth Amendment right to choose for all defendants, including the overwhelming majority who are indigent. The Article’s fresh case analysis shows the Supreme Court’s “no-choice” statements are dicta, which the Court’s own reasoning and rulings refute. The Article’s new …
Regulating Secrecy, W. Nicholson Price Ii
Regulating Secrecy, W. Nicholson Price Ii
Washington Law Review
Inventors face a stark choice between two intellectual property systems of protecting innovative ideas: patents and trade secrecy. But accounts of this choice underexplore the role of the regulators that dominate some areas of innovation. Regulation interacts with intellectual property exclusivity in socially problematic ways by encouraging secrecy at the expense of innovation, efficiency, and competition. This Article theorizes how regulation empowers intellectual property generally, explains why this strengthening is problematic for trade secrecy but not for patents, and offers the solution of regulator-enforced disclosure. When a regulator defines a product or a process, it becomes much harder to successfully …
Pluralizing The "Sharing" Economy, Erez Aloni
Pluralizing The "Sharing" Economy, Erez Aloni
Washington Law Review
The so-called “sharing” economy presents one of the most important and controversial regulatory dilemmas of our time—yet, surprisingly, it remains undertheorized. This Article supplies needed analysis. Specifically, the Article offers a regulatory model that distinguishes between two separate kinds of transactions: conventional economic transactions and those that rely on temporary access to goods and services that would otherwise go underutilized (what I call “access-to-excess” transactions). The regulatory regime that this Article proposes would distinguish between true access-to-excess transactions and conventional transactions. The model is rooted in a version of pluralist theory that posits that the state is responsible for cultivating …
The Class Action As Trust, Sergio J. Campos
The Class Action As Trust, Sergio J. Campos
Washington Law Review
The class action is controversial because the class attorney can litigate or settle the claims of the class members without their consent. Many scholars have turned to corporate law to address the potentially disloyal behavior of the class attorney. These scholars have used analogies to corporate law to support (1) the use of opt-out rights and (2) restrictions on class conflicts to constrain class attorneys, and the law has generally mirrored both requirements. In practice, however, both of these requirements have undermined the efficacy of the class action and prevented the class action from being used in many appropriate settings. …
An "App" For Third Party Beneficiaries, David G. Epstein, Alexandra W. Cook, J. Kyle Lowder, Michelle Sonntag
An "App" For Third Party Beneficiaries, David G. Epstein, Alexandra W. Cook, J. Kyle Lowder, Michelle Sonntag
Washington Law Review
Every year, more than 100 reported court opinions consider the question of whether an outsider can sue for damages under a contract made by others—in part because the law is so ambiguous. While contract enforcement by a third party is controlled largely by the facts of the particular case, it also materially depends upon the relevant legal standards. At present, not just the standards, but also the reasons for these standards, are unclear. Eighty years ago, Lon Fuller, a professor teaching contracts at a then-Southern law school, and William Perdue, a student at that school, significantly clarified and improved decision-making …
The Learned Hand Unformula For Short-Swing Liability, Andrew Chin
The Learned Hand Unformula For Short-Swing Liability, Andrew Chin
Washington Law Review
Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 allows for the recovery of short-swing profits realized by certain insiders from trading in a corporation’s stock within a period of less than six months. Three generations of corporate law students have been taught the “lowest-in, highest-out” formula that is intended to maximize the disgorgement of short-swing profits under section 16(b). Arnold Jacobs’s 1987 treatise presented two hypothetical examples where the formula fell short of the intended maximum, but courts, commentators, and practitioners have largely ignored these theoretical challenges to the formula’s validity. This Article identifies Gratz v. Claughton as the …
Pluralizing The "Sharing" Economy, Erez Aloni
Pluralizing The "Sharing" Economy, Erez Aloni
Washington Law Review
The so-called “sharing” economy presents one of the most important and controversial regulatory dilemmas of our time—yet, surprisingly, it remains undertheorized. This Article supplies needed analysis. Specifically, the Article offers a regulatory model that distinguishes between two separate kinds of transactions: conventional economic transactions and those that rely on temporary access to goods and services that would otherwise go underutilized (what I call “access-to-excess” transactions). The regulatory regime that this Article proposes would distinguish between true access-to-excess transactions and conventional transactions. The model is rooted in a version of pluralist theory that posits that the state is responsible for cultivating …
The Class Action As Trust, Sergio J. Campos
The Class Action As Trust, Sergio J. Campos
Washington Law Review
The class action is controversial because the class attorney can litigate or settle the claims of the class members without their consent. Many scholars have turned to corporate law to address the potentially disloyal behavior of the class attorney. These scholars have used analogies to corporate law to support (1) the use of opt-out rights and (2) restrictions on class conflicts to constrain class attorneys, and the law has generally mirrored both requirements. In practice, however, both of these requirements have undermined the efficacy of the class action and prevented the class action from being used in many appropriate settings. …
The Learned Hand Unformula For Short-Swing Liability, Andrew Chin
The Learned Hand Unformula For Short-Swing Liability, Andrew Chin
Washington Law Review
Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 allows for the recovery of short-swing profits realized by certain insiders from trading in a corporation’s stock within a period of less than six months. Three generations of corporate law students have been taught the “lowest-in, highest-out” formula that is intended to maximize the disgorgement of short-swing profits under section 16(b). Arnold Jacobs’s 1987 treatise presented two hypothetical examples where the formula fell short of the intended maximum, but courts, commentators, and practitioners have largely ignored these theoretical challenges to the formula’s validity. This Article identifies Gratz v. Claughton as the …
Computer Fraud And Abuse Act Enforcement: Cruel, Unusual, And Due For Reform, Tiffany Curtiss
Computer Fraud And Abuse Act Enforcement: Cruel, Unusual, And Due For Reform, Tiffany Curtiss
Washington Law Review
This Comment argues that the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) uses an outdated concept of technology in everyday activities that can lead to unexpected and grossly disproportional federal criminal charges. The CFAA’s vague definitions passively provide broad prosecutorial discretion that may turn millions of everyday internet users into criminals, even in cases of a common breach of an online terms-of-service agreement. Congress should look to the Eighth Amendment and draw from its principles in reforming the CFAA. The Comment concludes with a proposed interpretation of the CFAA that would better align the statute with other criminal laws, namely trespass. …
Put Privity In The Past: A Modern Approach To Determining When Washington Attorneys Are Liable To Nonclients For Estate Planning Malpractice, Kaitlyn C. Kelly
Put Privity In The Past: A Modern Approach To Determining When Washington Attorneys Are Liable To Nonclients For Estate Planning Malpractice, Kaitlyn C. Kelly
Washington Law Review
Even in the best of circumstances, an estate plan may leave intended beneficiaries frustrated. Occasionally, an attorney’s alleged mistake in the execution of a will or administration of a trust sparks the beneficiaries’ anger. Under Washington law, it is unclear whether intended beneficiaries may sue an estate planning attorney for malpractice. Generally, an estate planning attorney’s client is a testator, not a testator’s intended beneficiaries; thus, the intended beneficiaries are not in privity of contract with the attorney. Rather, the only individual in privity with the accused attorney is usually deceased at the time of a malpractice lawsuit. If a …
The Dormant Commerce Clause "Effect": How The Difficulty In Reconciling Exxon And Hunt Has Led To A Circuit Split For Challenges To Laws Affecting National Chains, Valerie Walker
Washington Law Review
The onslaught of chains such as Wal-Mart and Starbucks has driven some state and local lawmakers to craft regulations prohibiting these types of national chains. In response, several national chains have challenged the constitutionality of such regulations, claiming that they amount to economic protectionism. The dormant Commerce Clause (DCC) doctrine prohibits states from engaging in protectionism directed at commerce from other states. Courts use a two-tiered analysis when considering these types of challenges. The tier-level analysis is important because regulations rarely survive the first tier’s elevated scrutiny. The first tier applies when a state law directly discriminates against interstate commerce, …
Reply Brief. Lavigne V. Cajun Deep Foundations, L.L.C., 137 S.Ct. 1328 (2017) (No. 16-464), 2016 Wl 9443770, Eric Schnapper, J. Arthur Smith, Iii, Justin M. Delaune
Reply Brief. Lavigne V. Cajun Deep Foundations, L.L.C., 137 S.Ct. 1328 (2017) (No. 16-464), 2016 Wl 9443770, Eric Schnapper, J. Arthur Smith, Iii, Justin M. Delaune
Court Briefs
QUESTIONS PRESENTED (1) To establish a prima facie case of discriminatory termination, is a plaintiff required to show that he was replaced by someone outside his or her protected group?* (2) Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a plaintiff prior to:bringing a civil action must first file a charge with the EEOC, usually within 300 days of the action complained of. The Question Presented is: Where a claimant files a timely Title VII charge asserting that employer conduct was the result of a particular unlawful motive, may the claimant after the end of the charge-filing period …
Can A Cost Sharing Arrangement Prevent A Tax Shelter Label?, Jeffrey M. Kadet
Can A Cost Sharing Arrangement Prevent A Tax Shelter Label?, Jeffrey M. Kadet
Articles
In connection with an ongoing effort of the government to examine certain Microsoft documents, the government on October 12, 2016, stated in a filed document that one of the transactions at issue is "unquestionably" a tax shelter for purposes of section 7525. The significance of that is in whether some written communications should be protected from IRS scrutiny by the section 7525 confidentiality privilege that may apply to tax advice between a taxpayer and tax practitioners. Under section 7525(b)(2), written communications will not qualify if they are "in connection with the promotion of the direct or indirect participation of the …
Petition For A Writ Of Certiorari. Lavigne V. Cajun Deep Foundations, L.L.C., 137 S.Ct. 1328 (2017) (No. 16-464), 2016 Wl 5929996, Eric Schnapper, J. Arthur Smith, Iii, Justin M. Delaune
Petition For A Writ Of Certiorari. Lavigne V. Cajun Deep Foundations, L.L.C., 137 S.Ct. 1328 (2017) (No. 16-464), 2016 Wl 5929996, Eric Schnapper, J. Arthur Smith, Iii, Justin M. Delaune
Court Briefs
QUESTIONS PRESENTED (1) To establish a prima facie case of discriminatory termination, is a plaintiff required to show that he was replaced by someone outside his or her protected group? (2) Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a plaintiff prior to:bringing a civil action must first file a charge with the EEOC, usually within 300 days of the action complained of. The Question Presented is: Where a claimant files a timely Title VII charge asserting that employer conduct was the result of a particular unlawful motive, may the claimant after the end of the charge-filing period …
The Influence Of Special Interest Groups On Copyright Law And Policy—A Comparison Of The Legislative Processes In The United States And Switzerland, Michael P. Kunz
The Influence Of Special Interest Groups On Copyright Law And Policy—A Comparison Of The Legislative Processes In The United States And Switzerland, Michael P. Kunz
Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts
In April 2016, the Office of the United States Trade Representative placed Switzerland on the Watch List of its 2016 Special 301 Report, which contains an annual review of the state of intellectual property rights protection and enforcement in U.S. trading partners around the world. According to the Report, the decision to put Switzerland on the Watch List was premised on U.S. concerns regarding specific difficulties in Switzerland’s system of online copyright protection and enforcement, particularly the “Logistep” ruling issued by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland in 2010. Although the Swiss authorities have acknowledged the difficulties mentioned in the …
Privacy Harmonization And The Developing World: The Impact Of The Eu's General Data Protection Regulation On Developing Economies, Tiffany Curtiss
Privacy Harmonization And The Developing World: The Impact Of The Eu's General Data Protection Regulation On Developing Economies, Tiffany Curtiss
Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts
Through strengthened third-party obligations for data protection, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation will export privacy norms. However, developing economies may want to consider a co-regulatory industry approach to data protection before adopting similar national legislation. The General Data Protection Regulation can be an ideal model for global harmonization of privacy laws, particularly for adoption among industries and willing participants. To benefit from a co-regulatory approach, however, a developing economy would need to invest in education and legal systems in order to capture the benefits of the growing e-commerce market that will undoubtedly be influenced by the General Data …
Not Too Separate Or Unequal: Marriage Penalty Relief After Obergefell, Mitchell L. Engler, Edward D. Stein
Not Too Separate Or Unequal: Marriage Penalty Relief After Obergefell, Mitchell L. Engler, Edward D. Stein
Washington Law Review
Joint tax returns have generated controversy for many years. Married couples with the same joint income pay the same tax under our current system regardless of the earnings distribution between the spouses. This approach primarily rests on the idea that married couples share resources and operate as a single economic unit. Critics typically challenge this assumption and lament how marriage might significantly change a couple’s taxes. Depending on their earnings breakdown, a couple’s taxes could be reduced (a marital bonus for uneven-earners) or increased (a marital penalty for even-earners). These possibilities exist because the joint brackets are typically larger–but not …
Taking Bankruptcy Rights Seriously, Rafael I. Pardo
Taking Bankruptcy Rights Seriously, Rafael I. Pardo
Washington Law Review
Perhaps more so than any other area of law affecting individuals of low-to-moderate means, bankruptcy poignantly presents an affordability paradox: the system’s purpose is to relieve individuals from financial distress, yet it simultaneously demands a significant commitment of resources to obtain such relief. To date, no one has undertaken a comprehensive study of the complexities and costs of the litigation burden that Congress has imposed on self-represented debtors who seek a fresh start in bankruptcy. In order to explore the problems inherent in a system that sometimes necessitates litigation as the path for vindicating a debtor’s statutory right to a …
The House Edge: On Gambling And Professional Discipline, Stacey A. Tovino
The House Edge: On Gambling And Professional Discipline, Stacey A. Tovino
Washington Law Review
On March 26, 2014, the Iowa Supreme Court revoked the license to practice law of Cedar Rapids attorney Susan Hense. Admitted to the Iowa Bar in 1996, Hense subsequently misappropriated $837,000 in client trust funds to feed her addiction to casino gambling. This Article assesses how attorneys like Hense who are addicted to gambling are treated in professional disciplinary actions, including license suspension, revocation, and reinstatement proceedings. Themes that emerge include public misunderstanding of gambling disorder, stigma against individuals with gambling disorder, statutory recognition of substance addictions but not behavioral addictions, and mandatory attendance at religion-based fellowship meetings as a …
Equitable Recovery For Ashley Madison Hack Victims: The Federal Trade Commission As Executor Of A Narrow Right To Be Forgotten In The United States, Mackenzie Olson
Equitable Recovery For Ashley Madison Hack Victims: The Federal Trade Commission As Executor Of A Narrow Right To Be Forgotten In The United States, Mackenzie Olson
Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts
Events following the Ashley Madison data breach exposed the personal information of millions of users. Victims filed class action suits in multiple courts in the United States, seeking various forms of monetary and equitable relief. However, these plaintiffs have been unable to compel the removal of personal information from third-party Internet sites hosting the information previously circulated by hackers. Citizens of the European Union, by contrast, could likely compel the removal of such personal information. Unlike the United States, the European Union recognizes a “right to be forgotten”, which authorizes individuals to demand the removal of their personal information from …
How The Washington State Supreme Court Wrongly Applied The Communications Decency Act In Village Voice, And What It Means For Internet Service Providers, Samuel J. Daheim
How The Washington State Supreme Court Wrongly Applied The Communications Decency Act In Village Voice, And What It Means For Internet Service Providers, Samuel J. Daheim
Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts
In passing the Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA), Congress sought to promote and protect the ever-evolving free market of voices and ideas available on the internet. In order to reach this end, section 230(c) of the CDA extends protection from liability to those who provide a means for disseminating speech on the web, dubbed by the statute as “interactive computer service providers” (ICSP). Section 230 protects ICSPs from liability for harm inflicted by content created and posted by third parties on their respective forums. This Article focuses on a 2015 Washington State Supreme Court decision, J.S. v. Village Voice …
Gross Error, Eric Berger
Gross Error, Eric Berger
Washington Law Review
Glossip v. Gross epitomizes judicial deference gone berserk. In rejecting an Eighth Amendment challenge to Oklahoma’s lethal injection protocol, the United States Supreme Court rested its holding on several forms of deference. Closer examination demonstrates that each of these unsupported deference determinations was, at best, contestable and, at worst, simply wrong. Far from being anomalous, such under-theorized deference reflects more generally the Court’s willingness to utilize various stealth determinations to manipulate outcomes in constitutional cases. The understandable concern that frivolous lethal injection challenges will clog courts and delay executions likely motivated the Court’s approach. Remarkably, though, the Court did not …
One Percent Procedure, Brooke D. Coleman
One Percent Procedure, Brooke D. Coleman
Washington Law Review
Political rhetoric about the one percent is pervasive, as those with the greatest concentrated wealth prosper and the remaining population stagnates. Because of their affluence, the one percent exercise disproportionate control over political and economic systems. This Article argues that federal civil procedure is similarly a one percent regime. The crème de la crème of the bench and bar, along with equally exclusive litigants, often engage in high-stakes, complex civil litigation. It is this type of litigation that dominates both the elite experience and the public perception of what civil litigation is. This litigation is not particularly common, however; while …
Gross Error, Eric Berger
Gross Error, Eric Berger
Washington Law Review
Glossip v. Gross epitomizes judicial deference gone berserk. In rejecting an Eighth Amendment challenge to Oklahoma’s lethal injection protocol, the United States Supreme Court rested its holding on several forms of deference. Closer examination demonstrates that each of these unsupported deference determinations was, at best, contestable and, at worst, simply wrong. Far from being anomalous, such under-theorized deference reflects more generally the Court’s willingness to utilize various stealth determinations to manipulate outcomes in constitutional cases. The understandable concern that frivolous lethal injection challenges will clog courts and delay executions likely motivated the Court’s approach. Remarkably, though, the Court did not …
One Percent Procedure, Brooke D. Coleman
One Percent Procedure, Brooke D. Coleman
Washington Law Review
Political rhetoric about the one percent is pervasive, as those with the greatest concentrated wealth prosper and the remaining population stagnates. Because of their affluence, the one percent exercise disproportionate control over political and economic systems. This Article argues that federal civil procedure is similarly a one percent regime. The crème de la crème of the bench and bar, along with equally exclusive litigants, often engage in high-stakes, complex civil litigation. It is this type of litigation that dominates both the elite experience and the public perception of what civil litigation is. This litigation is not particularly common, however; while …
Not Too Separate Or Unequal: Marriage Penalty Relief After Obergefell, Mitchell L. Engler, Edward D. Stein
Not Too Separate Or Unequal: Marriage Penalty Relief After Obergefell, Mitchell L. Engler, Edward D. Stein
Washington Law Review
Joint tax returns have generated controversy for many years. Married couples with the same joint income pay the same tax under our current system regardless of the earnings distribution between the spouses. This approach primarily rests on the idea that married couples share resources and operate as a single economic unit. Critics typically challenge this assumption and lament how marriage might significantly change a couple’s taxes. Depending on their earnings breakdown, a couple’s taxes could be reduced (a marital bonus for uneven-earners) or increased (a marital penalty for even-earners). These possibilities exist because the joint brackets are typically larger–but not …
Reputation Through Litigation: How The Legal System Shapes Behavior By Producing Information, Roy Shapira
Reputation Through Litigation: How The Legal System Shapes Behavior By Producing Information, Roy Shapira
Washington Law Review
The law affects our behavior not only directly by imposing legal sanctions, but also indirectly, by providing information that shapes the reputations of individuals and organizations. This Article is the first to fully flesh out the reputation-shaping aspects of the law. The Article’s first major contribution is in explaining how reputation works. Legal scholars are increasingly recognizing that reputation matters: reputational concerns are touted as an important factor that shapes our behavior across a wide range of phenomena, from product safety to corporate governance to international relations. Yet so far the literature has stayed remarkably silent on how exactly reputation …