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Articles 91 - 120 of 164
Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering
Genetically Attenuated Plasmodium Berghei Liver Stages Induce Sterile Protracted Protection That Is Mediated By Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I–Dependent Interferon-Y–Producing Cd8+ T Cells, Ousman Jobe, Joanne Lumsden, Ann-Kristin Mueller, Jackie Williams, Hilda Silva-Rivera, Stefan H. I. Kappe, Robert J. Schwenk, Kai Matuschewski, Urszula Krzych
Genetically Attenuated Plasmodium Berghei Liver Stages Induce Sterile Protracted Protection That Is Mediated By Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I–Dependent Interferon-Y–Producing Cd8+ T Cells, Ousman Jobe, Joanne Lumsden, Ann-Kristin Mueller, Jackie Williams, Hilda Silva-Rivera, Stefan H. I. Kappe, Robert J. Schwenk, Kai Matuschewski, Urszula Krzych
United States Army: Publications
At present, radiation-attenuated plasmodia sporozoites (y-spz) is the only vaccine that induces sterile and lasting protection in malaria-naive humans and laboratory rodents. However, g-spz are not without risks. For example, the heterogeneity of the y-spz could explain occasional breakthrough infections. To avoid this possibility, we constructed a double-knockout P. berghei parasite by removing 2 genes, UIS3 and UIS4, that are up-regulated in infective spz.We evaluated the double-knockout Pbuis3(-)/4(-) parasites for protective efficacy and the contribution of CD8+ T cells to protection. Pbuis3(-)/4(-) spz induced sterile and protracted protection in C57BL/6 mice. Protection was linked to CD8+ …
Mitochondrial Dna Genome Sequencing And Snp Assay Development For Increased Power Of Discrimination, Thomas J. Parsons
Mitochondrial Dna Genome Sequencing And Snp Assay Development For Increased Power Of Discrimination, Thomas J. Parsons
United States Army: Publications
This report details the work performed over a period of five years in an NIJ-funded project intended primarily to develop a practical means for accessing the large reserve of genetic variation in the ~15,000 bp mtDNA coding region, as a means for augmenting the forensic discrimination provided by sequencing the hypervariable (HV) regions of the mtDNA control region. Our approach was to focus on the relatively small number of particularly common types present in US Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic populations, where the problem of limited discrimination is concentrated in practice. We sequenced 506 entire mtDNA genomes corresponding to 56 …
Effects, Transfer, And Fate Of Rdx From Aged Soil In Plants And Worms, E.P.H. Best, K.N. Geter, H.E. Tatem, B.K. Lane
Effects, Transfer, And Fate Of Rdx From Aged Soil In Plants And Worms, E.P.H. Best, K.N. Geter, H.E. Tatem, B.K. Lane
United States Army: Publications
The objectives of this study were to provide data that can be used to predict exposure-based effects of RDX in aged soil on multiple endpoint organisms representing two trophic levels. These data can be used for defining criteria or reference values for environmental management and conducting specific risk assessment. Dose–response experiments formed the basis for the evaluation of toxic effects and transfer of contaminants from soil into two trophic levels. Long-term exposure tests were conducted to evaluate chronic, sublethal, toxicity and transfer of aged soil-based explosives, with RDX as main contaminant. In these tests, plants were exposed for 55 days …
Identity And Distribution Of Residues Of Energetic Compounds At Army Live-Fire Training Ranges, Thomas F. Jenkins, Alan D. Hewitt, Clarence L. Grant, Sonia Thiboutot, Guy Ampleman, Marianne E. Walsh, Thomas A. Ranney, Charles A. Ramsey, Antonio J. Palazzo, Judith C. Pennington
Identity And Distribution Of Residues Of Energetic Compounds At Army Live-Fire Training Ranges, Thomas F. Jenkins, Alan D. Hewitt, Clarence L. Grant, Sonia Thiboutot, Guy Ampleman, Marianne E. Walsh, Thomas A. Ranney, Charles A. Ramsey, Antonio J. Palazzo, Judith C. Pennington
United States Army: Publications
Environmental investigations have been conducted at 23 military firing ranges in the United States and Canada. The specific training facilities most frequently evaluated were hand grenade, antitank rocket, and artillery ranges. Energetic compounds (explosives and propellants) were determined and linked to the type of munition used and the major mechanisms of deposition.
The Dielectric Behavior Of Polycrystalline Ferroelectric Films With Fiber Textures, Quangen Du, Jiangyu Li, William Nothwang, Melanie W. Cole
The Dielectric Behavior Of Polycrystalline Ferroelectric Films With Fiber Textures, Quangen Du, Jiangyu Li, William Nothwang, Melanie W. Cole
United States Army: Publications
We consider the effects of crystallographic symmetry, texture, and internal strain on the dielectric properties of polycrystalline ferroelectric thin films with fiber textures, including spontaneous polarization, coercivity, dielectric constant, dielectric tunability, and strain-induced phase transition, by combining Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire phenomenological theory for ferroelectrics with the micromechanics theory for polycrystalline thin films. Cubic and tetragonal BaxSr1_xTiO3 (BST) films with [001] fiber texture, and cubic and rhombohedral BST films with [111] texture are considered. The results show that for [001]-textured film compressive strain enhances the spontaneous polarization, coercivity, and tunability while it decreases the dielectric constant; for [111]-textured film the effects are the …
Proposed Evaluation Of Switchgrass Selections For Caddo House Construction, Charles Allen, Sara Thames, Jim Grafton, Bill Welton, Lorene Williams, Katina Mcclure, Darryl Monteau, Phil Cross, Andrew Hamblin, William Meyer
Proposed Evaluation Of Switchgrass Selections For Caddo House Construction, Charles Allen, Sara Thames, Jim Grafton, Bill Welton, Lorene Williams, Katina Mcclure, Darryl Monteau, Phil Cross, Andrew Hamblin, William Meyer
United States Army: Publications
The Caddo Indian tribe’s range was northwest Louisiana, northeast Texas, eastern Oklahoma, western Arkansas, and southwest Missouri. Historical records indicate the use of native switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the construction of houses. The frame and stringers for the houses were wood but the entire covering was bundles of switchgrass. In 2005, Fort Polk personnel and faculty and students at Haskell Indian Nations University in Lawrence, Kansas initiated a joint monitoring effort of biological (density, height, seed production), cultural, and other characteristics of switchgrass. Both groups have ongoing field and greenhouse plots with selections of switchgrass from throughout the …
Evolution Of The Snow Area Index Of The Subarctic Snowpack In Central Alaska Over A Whole Season. Consequences For The Air To Snow Transfer Of Pollutants, A.S. Taillandier, F. Domine, W.R. Simpson, M. Sturm, T.A. Douglas, K Severin
Evolution Of The Snow Area Index Of The Subarctic Snowpack In Central Alaska Over A Whole Season. Consequences For The Air To Snow Transfer Of Pollutants, A.S. Taillandier, F. Domine, W.R. Simpson, M. Sturm, T.A. Douglas, K Severin
United States Army: Publications
The detailed physical characteristics of the subarctic snowpack must be known to quantify the exchange of adsorbed pollutants between the atmosphere and the snow cover. For the first time, the combined evolutions of specific surface area (SSA), snow stratigraphy, temperature, and density were monitored throughout winter in central Alaska. We define the snow area index (SAI) as the vertically integrated surface area of snow crystals, and this variable is used to quantify pollutants’ adsorption. Intense metamorphism generated by strong temperature gradients formed a thick depth hoar layer with low SSA (90 cm2 g-1) and density (200 kg …
Effects Of Food Attributes And Feeding Environment On Acceptance, Consumption And Body Weight: Lessons Learned In A Twenty-Year Program Of Military Ration Research, Edward S. Hirsch, F. Matthew Kramer, Herbert L. Meiselman
Effects Of Food Attributes And Feeding Environment On Acceptance, Consumption And Body Weight: Lessons Learned In A Twenty-Year Program Of Military Ration Research, Edward S. Hirsch, F. Matthew Kramer, Herbert L. Meiselman
United States Army: Publications
Twenty years of testing in the field has consistently revealed that food intake is inadequate when packaged military rations are fed as the sole source of food. Food intake is much lower and there is a loss of body weight. Conversely when these rations are fed to students or military personnel for periods ranging from 3 to 42 days in a cafeteria-like setting, food intake is comparable to levels of a control group provided with freshly prepared food. Under these conditions, body weight is maintained. In this review, the consumption pattern is considered in terms of characteristics of the food …
Immobilization Of A Catalytic Dna Molecular Beacon On Au For Pb(Ii) Detection, Carla B. Swearingen, Daryl P. Wernette, Donald M. Cropek, Yi Lu, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Paul W. Bohn
Immobilization Of A Catalytic Dna Molecular Beacon On Au For Pb(Ii) Detection, Carla B. Swearingen, Daryl P. Wernette, Donald M. Cropek, Yi Lu, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Paul W. Bohn
United States Army: Publications
A Pb(II)-specific DNAzyme fluorescent sensor has been modified with a thiol moiety in order to immobilize it on a Au surface. Self-assembly of the DNAzyme is accomplished by first adsorbing the single-thiolated enzyme strand (HS-17E-Dy) followed by adsorption of mercaptohexanol, which serves to displace any Au-N interactions and ensure that DNA is bound only through the Sheadgroup. The preformed self-assembled monolayer is then hybridized with the complementary fluorophorecontaining substrate strand (17DS-Fl). Upon reaction with Pb(II), the substrate strand is cleaved, releasing a fluorescent fragment for detection. Fluorescence intensity may be correlated with original Pb(II) concentration, and a linear calibration was …
Conformational Sampling Of The Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Light Chain: Implications For Inhibitor Binding, James C. Burnett, James J. Schmidt, Connor F. Mcgrath, Tam L. Nguyen, Ann R. Hermone, Rekha G. Panchal, Jonathan L. Vennerstrom, Krishna Kodukula, Daniel W. Zaharevitz, Rick Gussio, Sina Bavari
Conformational Sampling Of The Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Light Chain: Implications For Inhibitor Binding, James C. Burnett, James J. Schmidt, Connor F. Mcgrath, Tam L. Nguyen, Ann R. Hermone, Rekha G. Panchal, Jonathan L. Vennerstrom, Krishna Kodukula, Daniel W. Zaharevitz, Rick Gussio, Sina Bavari
United States Army: Publications
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent of the known biological toxins, and consequently are listed as category A biowarfare agents. Currently, the only treatments against BoNTs include preventative antitoxins and long-term supportive care. Consequently, there is an urgent need for therapeutics to counter these enzymes––post exposure. In a previous study, we identified a number of small, nonpeptidic lead inhibitors of BoNT serotype A light chain (BoNT/A LC) metalloprotease activity, and we identified a common pharmacophore for these molecules. In this study, we have focused on how the dynamic movement of amino acid residues in and surrounding the substrate binding …
Miniaturized Lead Sensor Based On Lead-Specific Dnazyme In A Nanocapillary Interconnected Microfluidic Device, In-Hyoung Chang, Joseph J. Tulock, Juewen Liu, Won-Suk Kim, Donald M. Cannon, Jr., Yi Lu, Paul W. Bohn, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Donald M. Cropek
Miniaturized Lead Sensor Based On Lead-Specific Dnazyme In A Nanocapillary Interconnected Microfluidic Device, In-Hyoung Chang, Joseph J. Tulock, Juewen Liu, Won-Suk Kim, Donald M. Cannon, Jr., Yi Lu, Paul W. Bohn, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Donald M. Cropek
United States Army: Publications
A miniaturized lead sensor has been developed by combining a lead-specific DNAzyme with a microfabricated device containing a network of microfluidic channels that are fluidically coupled via a nanocapillary array interconnect. A DNAzyme construct, selective for cleavage in the presence of Pb2+ and derivatized with fluorophore (quencher) at the 5’ (3’) end of the substrate and enzyme strands, respectively, forms a molecular beacon that is used as the recognition element. The nanocapillary array membrane interconnect is used to manipulate fluid flows and deliver the small-volume sample to the beacon in a spatially confined detection window where the DNAzyme is …
Food Acceptability In Field Studies With Us Army Men And Women: Relationship With Food Intake And Food Choice After Repeated Exposures, Cees De Graaf, F. Matthew Kramer, Herbert L. Meiselman, Larry L. Lesher, Carol Baker-Fulco, Edward S. Hirsch, John Warber
Food Acceptability In Field Studies With Us Army Men And Women: Relationship With Food Intake And Food Choice After Repeated Exposures, Cees De Graaf, F. Matthew Kramer, Herbert L. Meiselman, Larry L. Lesher, Carol Baker-Fulco, Edward S. Hirsch, John Warber
United States Army: Publications
Laboratory data with single exposures showed that palatability has a positive relationship with food intake. The question addressed in this study is whether this relationship also holds over repeated exposures in non-laboratory contexts in more natural environments. The data were collected in four field studies, lasting 4–11 days with 307 US Army men and 119 Army women, and comprised 5791 main meals and 8831 snacks in total. Acceptability was rated on the nine point hedonic scale, and intake was registered in units of 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, or 1 or more times of the provided portion size. Correlation coefficients between individual …
Brown Recluse Spider Bite To The Face, Daniel C. Madion, Melanie K. Marshall, Christopher D. Jenkins, George M. Kushner
Brown Recluse Spider Bite To The Face, Daniel C. Madion, Melanie K. Marshall, Christopher D. Jenkins, George M. Kushner
United States Army: Publications
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons must be prepared to manage a variety of maxillofacial infections, both odontogenic and non-odontogenic in nature. While odontogenic infections are quite common, non-odontogenic infections can present with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. An uncommon non-odontogenic infection is the cellulitis secondary to a spider bite.
Few spider species have the ability to bite through human skin. Most of these insults result in only a small, red nodule centered within a larger, erythematous plaque. Symptoms are usually limited to pruritus and perhaps mild tenderness. The brown recluse and the black widow are 2 types of spiders that inhabit the …
Coronary Calcium Independently Predicts Incident Premature Coronary Heart Disease Over Measured Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Allen J. Taylor, Jody Bindeman, Irwin Feuerstein, Felix Cao, Michael Brazaitis, Patrick G. O'Malley
Coronary Calcium Independently Predicts Incident Premature Coronary Heart Disease Over Measured Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Allen J. Taylor, Jody Bindeman, Irwin Feuerstein, Felix Cao, Michael Brazaitis, Patrick G. O'Malley
United States Army: Publications
OBJECTIVES - We sought to examine the independent predictive value of coronary artery calcium detection for coronary outcomes in a non-referred cohort of healthy men and women ages 40 to 50 years.
BACKGROUND - Existing studies have suggested that coronary calcium might have incremental predictive value for coronary outcomes above standard coronary risk factors. However, additional data from non-referred and younger populations are needed.
METHODS - Participants (n = 2,000; mean age 43 years) were evaluated with measured coronary risk variables and coronary calcium detected with electron beam tomography. Incident acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac death were ascertained via …
Towards An Rts,S-Based, Multi-Stage, Multi-Antigen Vaccine Against Falciparum Malaria: Progress At The Walter Reed Army Institute Of Research, D. Gray Heppner Jr., Kent E. Kester, Christian F. Ockenhouse, Nadia Tornieporth, Opokua Ofori, Jeffrey A. Lyon, V. Ann Stewart, Patrice Dubois, David E. Lanar, Urszula Krzych, Philippe Moris, Evelina Angov, James F. Cummings, Amanda Leach, B. Ted Hall, Sheetij Dutta, Robert Schwenk, Collette Hillier, Arnoldo Barbosa, Lisa A. Ware, Lalitha Nair, Christian A. Darko, Mark R. Withers, Bernhards Ogutu, Mark E. Polhemus, Mark Fukuda, Sathit Pichyangkul, Montip Gettyacamin, Carter Diggs, Lorraine Soisson, Jessica Milman, Marie-Claude Dubois, Nathalie Garcon, Kathryn Tucker, Janet Wittes, Christopher V. Plowe, Mahamadou A. Thera, Ogobara K. Duombo, Maria G. Pau, Jaap Goudsmit, W. Ripley Ballou, Joe Cohen
Towards An Rts,S-Based, Multi-Stage, Multi-Antigen Vaccine Against Falciparum Malaria: Progress At The Walter Reed Army Institute Of Research, D. Gray Heppner Jr., Kent E. Kester, Christian F. Ockenhouse, Nadia Tornieporth, Opokua Ofori, Jeffrey A. Lyon, V. Ann Stewart, Patrice Dubois, David E. Lanar, Urszula Krzych, Philippe Moris, Evelina Angov, James F. Cummings, Amanda Leach, B. Ted Hall, Sheetij Dutta, Robert Schwenk, Collette Hillier, Arnoldo Barbosa, Lisa A. Ware, Lalitha Nair, Christian A. Darko, Mark R. Withers, Bernhards Ogutu, Mark E. Polhemus, Mark Fukuda, Sathit Pichyangkul, Montip Gettyacamin, Carter Diggs, Lorraine Soisson, Jessica Milman, Marie-Claude Dubois, Nathalie Garcon, Kathryn Tucker, Janet Wittes, Christopher V. Plowe, Mahamadou A. Thera, Ogobara K. Duombo, Maria G. Pau, Jaap Goudsmit, W. Ripley Ballou, Joe Cohen
United States Army: Publications
The goal of the Malaria Vaccine Program at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) is to develop a licensed multi-antigen, multi-stage vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum able to prevent all symptomatic manifestations of malaria by preventing parasitemia. A secondary goal is to limit disease in vaccinees that do develop malaria. Malaria prevention will be achieved by inducing humoral and cellular immunity against the pre-erythrocytic circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and the liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1). The strategy to limit disease will target immune responses against one or more blood stage antigens, merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) and apical merozoite antigen-1 (AMA-1). The …
A Docking Score Function For Estimating Ligand-Protein Interactions: Application To Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, Jianxin Guo, Margaret M. Hurley, Jeffery B. Wright, Gerald H. Lushington
A Docking Score Function For Estimating Ligand-Protein Interactions: Application To Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, Jianxin Guo, Margaret M. Hurley, Jeffery B. Wright, Gerald H. Lushington
United States Army: Publications
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is an important research topic because of its wide range of associated health implications. A receptor-specific scoring function was developed herein for predicting binding affinities for human AChE (huAChE) inhibitors. This method entails a statistically trained weighted sum of electrostatic and van der Waals (VDW) interactions between ligands and the receptor residues. Within the 53 ligand training set, a strong correlation was found (R2 = 0.89) between computed and experimental inhibition constants. Leave-oneout cross-validation indicated high predictive power (Q2 = 0.72), and analysis of a separate 16-compound test set also produced very good correlation with …
Structure/Function Analyses Of Human Serum Paraoxonase (Hupon1) Mutants Designed From A Dfpase-Like Homology Model, David T. Yeung, Denis Josse, James D. Nicholson, Akhil Khanal, Christopher W. Mcandrew, Brian B. Bahnson, David E. Lenz, Douglas M. Cerasoli
Structure/Function Analyses Of Human Serum Paraoxonase (Hupon1) Mutants Designed From A Dfpase-Like Homology Model, David T. Yeung, Denis Josse, James D. Nicholson, Akhil Khanal, Christopher W. Mcandrew, Brian B. Bahnson, David E. Lenz, Douglas M. Cerasoli
United States Army: Publications
Human serum paraoxonase (HuPON1) is a calcium-dependent enzyme that hydrolyzes esters, including organophosphates and lactones, and exhibits anti-atherogenic properties. A few amino acids have been shown to be essential for the enzyme’s arylesterase and organophosphatase activities. Until very recently, a three-dimensional model was not available for HuPON1, so functional roles have not been assigned to those residues. Based on sequence-structure alignment studies, we have folded the amino acid sequence of HuPON1 onto the sixfold β-propeller structure of squid diisopropylfluorophosphatase (DFPase). We tested the validity of this homology model by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and site-directed mutagenesis. Consistent with predictions from …
Detection Of Antibodies To Squalene Iii. Naturally Occurring Antibodies To Squalene In Humans And Mice, Gary R. Matyas, Mangala Rao, Phillip R. Pittman, Robert Burge, Iris E. Robbins, Nabila M. Wassef, Brandie Thivierge, Carl R. Alving
Detection Of Antibodies To Squalene Iii. Naturally Occurring Antibodies To Squalene In Humans And Mice, Gary R. Matyas, Mangala Rao, Phillip R. Pittman, Robert Burge, Iris E. Robbins, Nabila M. Wassef, Brandie Thivierge, Carl R. Alving
United States Army: Publications
An ELISA-based assay is described for the measurement of antibodies to squalene (SQE) in human serum and plasma. The assay was adapted from the previously described assay for murine antibodies to SQE (J. Immunol. Methods 267 (2002) 119). Like the murine SQE antibody assay, the human antibody assay used sterile cell culture 96-well plates coated with SQE (20 nmol/well). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)–0.5% casein was used as both a blocking agent and dilution buffer. The assay has a high through-put capacity and is reproducible and quantitative. This assay was used to evaluate samples from three different human cohorts. The first cohort …
Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic And Theoretical Study Of The Interaction Of Water With Dimethyl Methylphosphonate, Bruce S. Ault, Alex Balboa, David Tevault, Margaret Hurley
Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic And Theoretical Study Of The Interaction Of Water With Dimethyl Methylphosphonate, Bruce S. Ault, Alex Balboa, David Tevault, Margaret Hurley
United States Army: Publications
Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy has been combined with theoretical calculations for the characterization of the 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complex between H2O and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The symmetric O-H stretching mode was observed to shift 203 cm-1 to lower energy upon hydrogen bond formation, while a 32 cm-1 blue shift was noted for the H-O-H bending mode of the H2O subunit in the complex. These values compare extremely well with the (unscaled) shifts of -203 and +32 cm-1, respectively, that were calculated theoretically at the MP2/6-31+G** level. Additional perturbed modes of the DMMP subunit …
A Biologic Model For Assessment Of Osseous Strain Patterns And Plating Systems In The Human Maxilla, L. Russell Alberts, Kenneth O. Phillips, Harold K. Tu, Warren W. Stinson, Andrew Friedman
A Biologic Model For Assessment Of Osseous Strain Patterns And Plating Systems In The Human Maxilla, L. Russell Alberts, Kenneth O. Phillips, Harold K. Tu, Warren W. Stinson, Andrew Friedman
United States Army: Publications
Purpose: This study was conducted to examine a biomechanical model and to help answer fundamental questions that relate to rigid plate fixation in the maxilla. Specifically, we sought to elucidate the principal strain patterns generated in the maxilla secondary to masticatory forces as well as the amount of permanent deformational changes incurred due to these loading forces.
Materials and Methods: Cadaveric heads with the mandible removed were defleshed and placed in a 2-part testing rig to hold and position the skull for testing in a standard material testing system. Rosette strain gages were attached at predefined points on the skull, …
Military Leadership: A Context Specific Review, Leonard Wong, Paul Bliese, Dennis Mcgurk
Military Leadership: A Context Specific Review, Leonard Wong, Paul Bliese, Dennis Mcgurk
United States Army: Publications
The purpose of this article is to review the literature on military leadership and highlight research opportunities for leadership scholars. The review uses a context specific approach and turns to a simplified version of Hunt’s (Hunt, J. G. (1991). Leadership: A new synthesis. Newbury Park, California: Sage) extended multilevel leadership model as a template to examine the many facets of military leadership. The military leadership literature is stratified into the systems, organizational, and direct levels of leadership with an examination of studies on the critical tasks and individual capabilities required at each level. Additionally, studies on organizational culture and effectiveness …
The Prevalence And Severity Of Coronary Artery Calcification On Coronary Artery Computed Tomography In Black And White Subjects, Timothy C. Lee, Patrick G. O’Malley, Irwin Feuerstein, Allen J. Taylor
The Prevalence And Severity Of Coronary Artery Calcification On Coronary Artery Computed Tomography In Black And White Subjects, Timothy C. Lee, Patrick G. O’Malley, Irwin Feuerstein, Allen J. Taylor
United States Army: Publications
OBJECTIVES We studied the relationship between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and race in asymptomatic, active-duty personnel in the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium (PACC) project.
BACKGROUND Valid cardiovascular risk assessments in black Americans using coronary artery computed tomography (coronary CT) require the generalizability of population-based CAC score distributions derived from primarily white patient populations.
METHODS Among 1,000 consecutive participants (mean age, 42 ± 2 years; range, 40 to 45 years), 999 participants underwent coronary CT and indicated a specific racial affiliation. This included white, non-Hispanic in 699 (69.9%) participants and black, non-Hispanic in 194 (19.4%) participants. Univariate associations between race and …
History Of Food Acceptance Research In The Us Army, Herbert L. Meiselman, Howard G. Schutz
History Of Food Acceptance Research In The Us Army, Herbert L. Meiselman, Howard G. Schutz
United States Army: Publications
The history of food acceptance research by the US Army in Chicago and Natick is reviewed. The review covers the staff of the two research centers, the research programs, and the significant accomplishments of the Army laboratories from the 1940s to the present. Accomplishments begin with the development of the nine-point hedonic scale, and the development of the first Food Acceptance Laboratory. Further accomplishments include studies of sensory psychophysics, food preferences, food choice and food intake. The laboratories designed methods and conducted research on the role of consumer variables in the acceptance of food products and food service systems. Recent …
Rodent Sperm Analysis In Field-Based Ecological Risk Assessment: Pilot Study At Ravenna Army Ammunition Plant, Ravenna, Ohio, Lawrence V. Tannenbaum, Matthew Bazar, Melanie S. Hawkins, Barney W. Cornaby, Elizabeth A. Ferguson, L. Chantelle Carroll, Patrick F. Ryan
Rodent Sperm Analysis In Field-Based Ecological Risk Assessment: Pilot Study At Ravenna Army Ammunition Plant, Ravenna, Ohio, Lawrence V. Tannenbaum, Matthew Bazar, Melanie S. Hawkins, Barney W. Cornaby, Elizabeth A. Ferguson, L. Chantelle Carroll, Patrick F. Ryan
United States Army: Publications
Ecological risk assessment (ERA) guidance recommends that field-truthing efforts proceed when modeled hazard quotients (HQs) suggest that toxicological effects are occurring to site receptors. To date, no field methods have been proposed by the regulatory community that can lead to definitive determinations of acceptable or unacceptable risk for birds and mammals, the two terrestrial classes of receptors that are commonly assessed using the HQ method. This paper describes rodent sperm analysis (RSA) as a viable method to be applied in the field at sites with historical contamination. RSA is capable of detecting biological differences that bear on reproduction, a highly …
Retrieval Of Subpixel Snow-Covered Area And Grain Size From Imaging Spectrometer Data, Thomas H. Painter, Jeff Dozier, Dar A. Roberts, Robert E. Davis, Robert O. Green
Retrieval Of Subpixel Snow-Covered Area And Grain Size From Imaging Spectrometer Data, Thomas H. Painter, Jeff Dozier, Dar A. Roberts, Robert E. Davis, Robert O. Green
United States Army: Publications
We describe and validate an automated model that retrieves subpixel snow-covered area and effective grain size from Airborne Visible/ Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data. The model analyzes multiple endmember spectral mixtures with a spectral library of snow, vegetation, rock, and soil. We derive snow spectral endmembers of varying grain size from a radiative transfer model; spectra for vegetation, rock, and soil were collected in the field and laboratory. For three AVIRIS images of Mammoth Mountain, California that span common snow conditions for winter through spring, we validate the estimates of snow-covered area with fine-resolution aerial photographs and validate the estimates …
Diet And Physical Performance, Scott J. Montain, Andrew J. Young
Diet And Physical Performance, Scott J. Montain, Andrew J. Young
United States Army: Publications
This paper provides a historical summary of military nutrition research into the role of diet for sustaining soldier physical performance. Studies of underfeeding document that physical performance is preserved during several days of underfeeding provided sufficient carbohydrate and minerals are consumed to minimize the diuresis associated with semi-starvation diets and serial intake of carbohydrate is available to support metabolism during prolonged work. The Military Recommended Dietary Allowances, AR 40-25, currently recommends that when restricted rations are required, that the ration contain at least 1100–1500 kcal, 50–70 g of protein, and a minimum of 100 g of carbohydrate on a daily …
Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors Of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Metalloprotease Activity, James C. Burnett, James J. Schmidt, Robert G. Stafford, Rekha G. Panchal, Tam L. Nguyen, Ann R. Hermone, Jonathan L. Vennerstrom, Connor F. Mcgrath, Douglas J. Lane, Edward A. Sausville, Daniel W. Zaharevitz, Rick Gussio, Sina Bavari
Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors Of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Metalloprotease Activity, James C. Burnett, James J. Schmidt, Robert G. Stafford, Rekha G. Panchal, Tam L. Nguyen, Ann R. Hermone, Jonathan L. Vennerstrom, Connor F. Mcgrath, Douglas J. Lane, Edward A. Sausville, Daniel W. Zaharevitz, Rick Gussio, Sina Bavari
United States Army: Publications
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most lethal biological substances to have been weaponized and are listed as biodefense category A agents. Currently, no small molecule (non-peptidic) therapeutics exist to counter this threat; hence, identifying and developing compounds that inhibit BoNTs is a high priority. In the present study, a high-throughput assay was used to identify small molecules that inhibit the metalloprotease activity of BoNT serotype A light chain (BoNT/A LC). All inhibitors were further verified using a HPLC-based assay. Conformational analyses of these compounds, in conjunction with molecular docking studies, were used to predict structural features that contribute to …
Protracted Protection To Plasmodium Berghei Malaria Is Linked To Functionally And Phenotypically Heterogeneous Liver Memory Cd8+ T Cells1, Dmitri Berenzon, Robert J. Schwenk, Lisa Letellier, Mimi Guebre-Xabier, Jackie Williams, Urszula Krzych
Protracted Protection To Plasmodium Berghei Malaria Is Linked To Functionally And Phenotypically Heterogeneous Liver Memory Cd8+ T Cells1, Dmitri Berenzon, Robert J. Schwenk, Lisa Letellier, Mimi Guebre-Xabier, Jackie Williams, Urszula Krzych
United States Army: Publications
We previously demonstrated that protection induced by radiation-attenuated (y) Plasmodium berghei sporozoites is linked to MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells specific for exoerythrocytic-stage Ags, and that activated intrahepatic memory CD8+ T cells are associated with protracted protection. In this study, we further investigated intrahepatic memory CD8+ T cells to elucidate mechanisms required for their maintenance. Using phenotypic markers indicative of activation (CD44, CD45RB), migration (CD62L), and IFN-y production, we identified two subsets of intrahepatic memory CD8+ T cells: the CD44highCD45RBlowCD62LlowCD122low phenotype, representing the dominant effector …
Formation Of 2-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (Cs Riot Control Agent) Thermal Degradation Products At Elevated Temperatures, Timothy A. Kluchinsky, Michael Sheely, Paul B B. Savage, Philip A. Smith
Formation Of 2-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (Cs Riot Control Agent) Thermal Degradation Products At Elevated Temperatures, Timothy A. Kluchinsky, Michael Sheely, Paul B B. Savage, Philip A. Smith
United States Army: Publications
2-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS riot control agent) has been shown to produce a number of thermal degradation products when dispersed at high temperature.We hypothesized that these CS-derived compounds are formed by energy input from heating during the dispersion process. Here we identified organic CS-derived compounds formed from purified CS subjected to temperatures ranging from 300 to 900 degrees C in an inert atmosphere with analysis of tube furnace effluent by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. We conclude that the production of many CS-derived compounds previously observed during high-temperature dispersion is likely to be heat related.
Use Of Pyrolysis Gc/Ms For Predicting Emission Byproducts From The Incineration Of Double-Base Propellant, Donald Cropek, Patricia Kemme, Jean Day, Jane Cochran
Use Of Pyrolysis Gc/Ms For Predicting Emission Byproducts From The Incineration Of Double-Base Propellant, Donald Cropek, Patricia Kemme, Jean Day, Jane Cochran
United States Army: Publications
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the pyrolytic byproducts from an Army-unique propellant compound (AA2) that is composed of predominantly nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin. Compounds produced by AA2 pyrolysis were compared to compounds detected in the gaseous effluent from AA2 incineration. The light permanent gases and most of the higher molecular weight byproducts produced by AA2 incineration are replicated by laboratory pyrolysis on AA2. The reverse case also holds whereby 18 out of 24 high molecular weight AA2 pyrolytic byproducts are found in the incinerator emissions. Poor matching, however, was obtained between the two processes for the volatile, water-soluble species. …