Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

The Role Of Community Participation In The Architectural Production, Allaa Ahmed Rasheed, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The role of community participation as a power in building architectural output at the level of the act of thinking in architecture and the design process in non-existence is related to power and presence with act. The research is concerned with expanding knowledge in the direction of the holistic language and searching for the role that builds the privacy of the architectural product versus the community's societal identity. It studies the concept of act within the limits of existence at the level of community participation since the act of architecture is the act of man to meet certain needs and …

The Communicative Deviation In Contemporary Architectural Production, Haneen Hosham Abd-Alrahman, Panrizat Q. Hussein Fehmi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Deviation is one of the most important concepts discussed in various architectural and non-architectural theses when addressing the topic of creative production. It involves breaking away from the familiar and surpassing established architectural rules to create unique and excellent products that are characterized by their creativity and aesthetic appeal. Recognizing the significance of this concept in shaping contemporary architectural production, the research endeavors to explore the concept of connective displacement in architecture and delve into its essential aspects. The research identifies the research problem as the "cognitive deficiency surrounding connective displacement in the semantic structures embedded in architecture." The objective …

Developed Rc4 Algorithm With Double Reverse For Better Data Protect, Fouad Sahib Muhamed Alkhazraji

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Computer security plays a crucial role in protecting users' data, and cryptographic techniques are commonly used for this purpose. Encryption is a method employed to ensure data confidentiality, whether it is stored on hard drives or transferred through various media. RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4) is a cryptographic algorithm that utilizes the same key for both encryption and decryption processes. It falls under the category of stream ciphers, which are widely utilized in numerous protocols due to their flexibility and speed. RC4 employs XOR (exclusive OR) function to implement its encryption and decryption steps. In this paper, a technique known as …

Morton-Ordered Gpu Lattice Boltzmann Cfd Simulations With Application To Blood Flow, Gerald Gallagher, Fergal J. Boyle

Conference Papers

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is routinely used for numerically predicting cardiovascular-system medical device fluid flows. Most CFD simulations ignore the suspended cellular phases of blood due to computational constraints, which negatively affects simulation accuracy. A graphics processing unit (GPU) lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary (LB-IB) CFD software package capable of accurately modelling blood flow is in development by the authors, focusing on the behaviour of plasma and stomatocyte, discocyte and echinocyte red blood cells during flow. Optimised memory ordering and layout schemes yield significant efficiency improvements for LB GPU simulations. In this work, comparisons of row-major-ordered Structure of Arrays (SoA) and Collected …

Design Of Composite Double-Slab Radar Absorbing Structures Using Forward, Inverse, And Tandem Neural Networks, Devin Nielsen, Juhyeong Lee, Young-Woo Nam

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The survivability and mission of a military aircraft is often designed with minimum radar cross section (RCS) to ensure its long-term operation and maintainability. To reduce aircraft’s RCS, a specially formulated Radar Absorbing Structures (RAS) is primarily applied to its external skins. A Ni-coated glass/epoxy composite is a recent RAS material system designed for decreasing the RCS for the X-band (8.2 – 12.4 GHz), while maintaining efficient and reliable structural performance to function as the skin of an aircraft. Experimentally measured and computationally predicted radar responses (i.e., return loss responses in specific frequency ranges) of multi-layered RASs are expensive and …

Hyper-Velocity Impact Performance Of Foldcore Sandwich Composites, Nathan Hoch, Chase Mortensen, Juhyeong Lee, Khari Harrison, Kalyan Raj Kota, Thomas Lacy

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

A foldcore is a novel core made from a flat sheet of any material folded into a desired pattern. A foldcore sandwich composite (FSC) provides highly tailorable structural performance over conventional sandwich composites made with honeycomb or synthetic polymer foam cores. Foldcore design can be optimized to accommodate complex shapes and unit cell geometries suitable for protective shielding structures

This work aims to characterize hypervelocity impact (> 2000 m/s, HVI) response and corresponding damage morphologies of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) FSCs. A series of normal (0° impact angle) and oblique (45° impact angle) HVI (~3km/s nominal projectile velocity) impact …

Predicting Stochastic Lightning Mechanical Damage Effects On Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites, Juhyeong Lee, Syed Zulfiqar Hussain Shah

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Three stochastic air blast models are developed with spatially varying elastic properties and failure strengths for predicting lightning mechanical damage to AS4/3506 carbon/epoxy composites subjected to < 100 kA peak currents: (1) the conventional weapon effects program (CWP) model, (2) the coupled eulerianlagrangian (CEL) model, and (3) the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model. This work is an extension of our previous studies [1–4] that used deterministic air blast models for lightning mechanical damage prediction. Stochastic variations in composite material properties were generated using the Box-Muller transformation algorithm with the mean (i.e., room temperature experimental data) and their standard deviations (i.e., 10% of the mean herein as reference). The predicted dynamic responses and corresponding damage initiation prediction for composites under equivalent air blast loading were comparable for the deterministic and stochastic models. Overall, the domains with displacement, von-Mises stress, and damage initiation contours predicted in the stochastic models were somewhat sporadic and asymmetric along the fiber’s local orientation and varied intermittently. This suggests the significance of local property variations in lightning mechanical damage prediction. Thus, stochastic air blast models may provide a more accurate lightning mechanical damage approximation than traditional (deterministic) air blast models. All stochastic models proposed in this work demonstrated satisfactory accuracy compared to the baseline models, but required substantial computational time due to the random material model generation/assignment process, which needs to be optimized in future work.

Robotic Manufacturing System For Unattended Machining And Inspection Of Graphite Bipolar Flow Field Plates For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, Vladimir Gurau, Ryan Kent

Manufacturing Engineering: Faculty Publications (2015-2023)

A single robot-based manufacturing system for unattended machining and inspection of graphite bipolar flow field plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells is designed and integrated for demonstration and validation. Unlike most robotic manufacturing systems where an industrial robot is used for tending an automated tool such as a computer numerical control machine, in the present system the industrial robot performs all manufacturing operations, including machining the flow fields on both sides of the plates, changing the tools, handling the plates, vacuuming the plates and the workholding device of graphite dust, flipping the plates, air blowing them and performing machine …

A Novel Self-Assembled Cobalt-Free Perovskite Composite Cathode With Triple-Conduction For Intermediate Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Hua Tong, Min Fu, Yang Yang, Fanglin Chen, Zetian Tao

Faculty Publications

A traditional composite cathode for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H-SOFCs) is typically obtained by mixing cathode materials and proton conducting electrolyte of BaCe_0.7Y_0.2Z_r0.1O_3–δ (BZCY), providing chemical and thermal compatibility with the electrolyte. Here, a series of triple-conducing and cobalt-free iron-based perovskites as cathodes for H-SOFCs is reported. Specifically, BaCe_xFe_1–xO_3–δ (x = 0.36, 0.43, and 0.50) shows various contents of two single phase perovskites with an in situ heterojunction structure as well as triple conductivity by tailoring the Ce/Fe ratios. The cell performance with the optimized BaCe_{0.36 …}

Effects Of Radiation Reabsorption On The Laminar Flame Speed And No Emission During Aviation Kerosene Combustion At Elevated Pressures, Shu Zheng, Hao Liu, Qing Li, Jiajian Zhu, Mingbo Sun, Bo Zhou, Ran Sui, Qiang Lu

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Increasing attention has been paid on combustion stability and pollution emission of aviation kerosene due to the emerging interests on supersonic combustion scramjets. Whereas the vitiation component H2O introduced by hydrogen-fueled heaters in high-enthalpy vitiated air during ground experiments has a considerable influence on kerosene combustion, especially through its radiation effect, which needs to be further investigated. In this paper, the radiation reabsorption effects on laminar flame speeds and NO emissions during RP-3/H2O/O2/N2 combustion was assessed numerically over a wide range of equivalence ratio and pressure (ϕ = 0.7–1.4 and P = 1–15 atm) using detailed chemical and radiation models. …

Spatially Guided Construction Of Multilayered Epidermal Models Recapturing Structural Hierarchy And Cell–Cell Junctions, Haiwei Zhai, Xiaowei Jin, Grayson Minnick, Jordan Rosenbohm, Mohammed Abdul Haleem Hafiz, Ruiguo Yang, Fanben Meng

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

A current challenge in 3D bioprinting of skin equivalents is to recreate the distinct basal and suprabasal layers and promote their direct interactions. Such a structural arrangement is essential to establish 3D stratified epidermis disease models, such as for the autoimmune skin disease pemphigus vulgaris (PV), which targets the cell– cell junctions at the interface of the basal and suprabasal layers. Inspired by epithelial regeneration in wound healing, a method that combines 3D bioprinting and spatially guided self-reorganization of keratinocytes is developed to recapture the fine structural hierarchy that lies in the deep layers of the epidermis.Herein, keratinocyteladen fibrin hydrogels …

Thermodynamic Limits Of Atmospheric Water Harvesting, Akshay K. Rao, Andrew J. Fix, Yun Chi Yang, David M. Warsinger

School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is a rapidly emerging approach for decentralized water production, but current technology is limited by trade-offs between energy consumption and yield. The field lacks a common basis to compare different AWH technologies and a robust understanding of the performance impacts of water recovery, desorption humidity (for sorbent systems), and realistic component-level efficiencies. By devising a set of unifying assumptions and consistent parameters across technologies, we provide the first fair thermodynamic comparison over a broad range of environmental conditions. Using 2nd law analysis, or least work, we study the maximum efficiency for common open system AWH methods …

Experimentally Measured Lumbar Skin Strains During Activities Of Daily Living, Andrew Gibbons, Paul Mcmullin, Darian Emmett, Ulrike H. Mitchell, David T. Fullwood, Anton E. Bowden

Student Works

Introduction: When mechanical stimulation of the skin, post-surgery, is kept at a minimum, the risk for hypertrophic scarring is reduced. Therefore, surgeons have utilized different tools for optimal scar outcomes such as cutting along or perpendicular to the Langers lines or collagen fiber orientation^1,2. However, biomechanical strains induced in the skin during activities of daily living (ADL) are the primary mechanism for suture opening, and increased awareness of these strains may provide informative insights to both pre-operative incision planning, as well as post-operative counseling with the patient regarding specific activities that may lead to wound re-opening.

Methods: Data …

Atherogenic Potential Of Microgravity Hemodynamics In The Carotid Bifurcation: A Numerical Investigation, Philippe Sucosky, Varun Vinayak Kalaiarasan, Graham B. Quasebarth, Patricia Strack, Jason A. Shar

Open Access Publishing Fund Collection

Long-duration spaceflight poses multiple hazards to human health, including physiological changes associated with microgravity. The hemodynamic adaptations occurring upon entry into weightlessness have been associated with retrograde stagnant flow conditions and thromboembolic events in the venous vasculature but the impact of microgravity on cerebral arterial hemodynamics and function remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of microgravity on hemodynamics and wall shear stress (WSS) characteristics in 16 carotid bifurcation geometries reconstructed from ultrasonography images using computational fluid dynamics modeling. Microgravity resulted in a significant 21% increase in flow stasis index, a 22–23% decrease in …

Overview Of Arbitrarily High-Order Adjoint Sensitivity And Uncertainty Quantification Methodology For Large-Scale Systems, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

This work reviews from a unified viewpoint the concepts underlying the “nth-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Response-Coupled Forward/Adjoint Linear Systems” (nth-CASAM-L) and the “nth-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Nonlinear Systems” (nth-CASAM-N) methodologies. The practical application of the nth-CASAM-L methodology is illustrated for an OECD/NEA reactor physics benchmark, while the practical application of the nth-CASAM-N methodology is illustrated for a nonlinear model of reactor dynamics that exhibits periodic and chaotic oscillations. As illustrated both by the general theory and by the examples reviewed in this work, both the nth-CASAM-L and nth-CASAM-N methodologies overcome the curse of dimensionality …

Microgrid Energy Management During High-Stress Operation, Thomas Price, Gordon Parker, Gail Vaucher, Robert Jane, Morris Berman

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

We consider the energy management of an isolated microgrid powered by photovoltaics (PV) and fuel-based generation with limited energy storage. The grid may need to shed load or energy when operating in stressed conditions, such as when nighttime electrical loads occur or if there is little energy storage capacity. An energy management system (EMS) can prevent load and energy shedding during stress conditions while minimizing fuel consumption. This is important when the loads are high priority and fuel is in short supply, such as in disaster relief and military applications. One example is a low-power, provisional microgrid deployed temporarily to …

Influence Of Nano-Sized Sic On The Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of Molybdenum, Nathan E. Ellsworth, Ryan A. Kemnitz, Cayla C. Eckley, Brianna M. Sexton, Cynthia T. Bowers, Joshua R. Machacek, Larry W. Burggraf

Faculty Publications

Consolidation of pure molybdenum through laser powder bed fusion and other additive manufacturing techniques is complicated by a high melting temperature, thermal conductivity and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. Nano-sized SiC particles (0.1 wt%) were homogeneously mixed with molybdenum powder and the printing characteristics, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties were compared to pure molybdenum for scan speeds of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mm/s. The addition of SiC improved the optically determined density and flexural strength at 400 mm/s by 92% and 80%, respectively. The oxygen content was reduced by an average of 52% over the four scan speeds analyzed. Two mechanisms …

Technoeconomic Analysis Of Changing Pv Array Convective Cooling Through Changing Array Spacing, Matthew Prilliman, Sarah E. Smith, Brooke Stanislawski, Janine M.F. Keith, Timothy J. Silverman, Marc Calaf, Raul Bayoan Cal

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Accuracy in photovoltaic (PV) module temperature modeling is crucial to achieving precision in energy performance yield calculations and subsequent economic evaluations of PV projects. While there have been numerous approaches to PV temperature modeling based on both the steady-state and transient thermal assumptions, there have been few attempts to account for changing convective cooling on PV module surfaces resulting from changes in the PV system layout. Changes in system row spacing, in particular, can have a meaningful impact on module electrical efficiency and subsequent economic performance, even when considering additional costs from the changes in row spacing. Using a heat …

Advances In High-Order Sensitivity Analysis For Uncertainty Quantification And Reduction In Nuclear Energy Systems, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Micro-Triboelectric Generator For Zero-Power Shock Detection, Mohammad Alzgool, Mohammad Mousavi, Benyamin Davaji, Shahrzad Towfighian

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Scholarship

This work shows zero-power shock sensing for the combination of a micro-triboelectric generator and MEMS electrostatic actuator system where the mechanical shock to the generator causes it to produce volt- age, this voltage is used to actuate a Micro-Electro-Mechanical-system (MEMS) switch. For the first time, we present the fabrication process of a Triboelectric-Nano-Generator (TENG) with MEMS technology. The MEMS-TENG has a suspended 1.5mm × 1.5mm plate separated by 2 μm from the substrate. The generator is a triboelectric transducer made of a suspended Al micro-plate above a polyimide (PI) thin layer that is covered by another Al layer in the …

Identifying Fibre Orientations For Fracture Process Zone Characterization In Scaled Centre-Notched Quasi-Isotropic Carbon/Epoxy Laminates With A Convolutional Neural Network, Xiaodong Xu, Aser Abbas, Juhyeong Lee

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper presents a novel X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) image analysis method to characterize the Fracture Process Zone (FPZ) in scaled centre-notched quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminates. A total of 61 CT images of a small specimen were used to fine-tune a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) (i.e., VGG16) to classify fibre orientations. The proposed CNN model achieves a 100% accuracy when tested on the CT images of the same scale as the training set. However, the accuracy drops to a maximum of 84% when tested on unlabelled images of the specimens having larger scales potentially due to their lower resolutions. Another …

Tunable Filtration Of Particles During Dip-Coating, Connor Copeland

All Theses

When a solid substrate is withdrawn from a liquid bath a thin coating is deposited whose thickness is given by the Landau-Levich-Derjaguin (LLD) law. We perform an experimental study of dip coating of particle suspensions showing that particles of a given size can become entrained in the meniscus by the competition between viscous and surface tension forces. This is called capillary filtration and can be used as a tunable dynamic filter. For single particle suspensions, filtration can be in terms of either clumps or single particles, with the relevant entrainment points depending upon the rheology of the working fluid, either …

Developing Scaling Laws To Predict Compressive Mechanical Properties And Determine Geometrical Parameters Of Modified Bcc Lattice Structures, Hasanain Abdulhadi, Abdalsalam Fadeel, Tahseen A. Alwattar, Ahsan Mian

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The objective of this study is to develop generalized empirical closed-form equations to predict the compressive mechanical properties and determine geometrical parameters. To achieve that, 117 models are built and analyzed using ABAQUS/CAE 2016 to provide two types of reliable data: one for lattice mechanical properties based on finite element method and the other for geometrical parameters using the measurements of ABAQUS diagnostic tool. All the models are created by modifying the basic feature of body-centered cubic lattice structure based on a range of strut angles, a set of relative densities, and two design sets. Also, the influence of lattice …

Improved Additive Manufacturing Of Silicon Carbide Parts Via Pressureless Electric Field-Assisted Sintering, Adam Bratten, Ruoyu Chen, Joshua Rittenhouse, Ming-Chuan Leu, Haiming Wen

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

High solids loading silicon carbide (SiC)-based aqueous slurries containing only.5 wt. % organic additives were utilized to create specimens of various geometries via an extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) technique. Pressure less electric field-assisted sintering was performed to densify each specimen without deformation. The combination of these techniques produced parts with >98% relative density despite containing only 5 wt.% oxide sintering additives. After sintering, specimens contained only the α-SiC and yttrium aluminum perovskite phases. This suggests the evolution of a nonequilibrium yttrium aluminate phase, as well as transformation from β-SiC to α-SiC. The fabrication method presented in this work has advantages …

Development Of Method To Characterize Adhesion Of Electrically Conductive Adhesive For Flexible Electronics, Joshua Corbin

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Turning Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Cfrp) Composites: Process Modeling And Optimization Using Taguchi Analysis And Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm, S. M. Abdur Rob, Anil K. Srivastava

Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites have been widely used in aerospace, automotive, nuclear, and biomedical industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, durability, and excellent thermo-mechanical properties in non-oxidative atmospheres. Machining of CFRP composites has always been a challenge for manufacturers. In this research, a comparative study was performed between the optimal machining parameters of coated and uncoated carbide inserts obtained from the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm during turning of CFRP composites. It was found that coated carbide inserts provide lower tool wear and surface roughness, but higher cutting forces compared to those of uncoated carbide inserts …

Automated Posture Positioning For High Precision 3d Scanning Of A Freeform Design Using Bayesian Optimization, Zhaohui Geng, Bopaya Bidanda

Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications

Three-dimensional scanning is widely used for the dimension measurements of physical objects with freeform designs. The output point cloud is flexible enough to provide a detailed geometric description for these objects. However, geometric accuracy and precision are still debatable for this scanning process. Uncertainties are ubiquitous in geometric measurement due to many physical factors. One potential factor is the object’s posture in the scanning region. The posture of target positioning on the scanning platform could influence the normal of the scanning points, which could further affect the measurement variances. This paper first investigates the geometric and spatial factors that could …

Minimax Registration For Point Cloud Alignment, Zhaohui Geng, Mauro Garcia, Bopaya Bidanda

Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications

The alignment, or rigid registration, of three-dimensional (3D) point clouds plays an important role in many applications, such as robotics and computer vision. Recently, with the improvement in high precision and automated 3D scanners, the registration algorithm has become critical in a manufacturing setting for tolerance analysis, quality inspection, or reverse engineering purposes. Most of the currently developed registration algorithms focus on aligning the point clouds by minimizing the average squared deviations. However, in manufacturing practices, especially those involving the assembly of multiple parts, an envelope principle is widely used, which is based on minimax criteria. Our present work …

Additive Manufacturing Of Molybdenum For High Temperature Structural Applications, Megan L. Bustin

Theses and Dissertations

This research considered additive manufactured (AM) molybdenum (Mo) and the effect of three variables on microstructure, mechanical properties, and the relationship between the two. Test temperature, laser speed, and shield gas or build atmosphere were varied, and samples tested and analyzed using a three-point bending test, chemical composition, and optical and scanning electron microscopy. The relationship among variables and results using a Design of Experiments was limited compared to the inclusion of every tested sample. Most effects were expected: samples tested at room temperature were brittle without statistical significance; increasing laser speed resulted in decreased ductility and strain, smaller grain …

Effects Of Rotor-Airframe Interaction On The Aeromechanics And Wake Of A Quadcopter In Forward Flight, Denis-Gabriel Caprace, Andrew Ning, Philippe Chatelain, Grégoire Winckelmans

Faculty Publications

From small drones to large Urban Air Mobility vehicles, the market of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft is currently booming. Modern VTOL designs feature a variety of configurations involving rotors, lifting surfaces and bluff bodies. The resulting aerodynamics are highly impacted by the interactions between those components and their wakes. This has consequences on the aircraft performance and on the downstream wake. Studying the effects of those interactions through CFD can inform the development of cheaper numerical models. In this work, we focus on the interaction between rotors and bluff bodies based on the example of a generic quadcopter …