Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

Evaluation Of Methods For Analysis Of Multi-Degree-Of-Freedom Systems With Damping, Brijgopal R. Mohta

Masters Theses

"A general review of various methods for studying the behavior of linear lumped parameter systems with viscous damping is presented. Five methods are discussed. These are: (1) Normal Mode Technique (2) Ho's Method (3) Impedance Method (4) Graphical Technique (5) A Method for Reducing Degrees-of-freedom. For solution of vibration problems by the Normal Mode Technique, the systems are classified as (1) classically damped or (2) non-classically damped. It is shown that the classically damped systems are relatively easy to solve. For non-classically damped systems, the method proposed by K. A. Foss has been employed. This method is quite complex, but …

Numerical Integration Of Shell Equations Using The Field Method, Pravin R. Ghael

Masters Theses

"In this work field equations are introduced to numerically solve the six linear differential equations which determine the displacements and stress resultants for thin elastic shells with axially symmetric loadings. With the applications of the field equations to the analysis of symmetric shells, the two-point boundary-value problem is formulated in terms of twelve first-order ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions at only one point. These equations are solved by using a forth [sic]-order Runge_kutta integration formula. Three problems whose solutions are known have been evaluated to check the accuracy of the field equation method. These are: (1.) Simply-supported, thin circular …

Film Boiling Of Nitrogen From A Spherical Heating Surface At Atmospheric Pressure And Standard Gravity, Juan Jorge MariáNyi

Masters Theses

"A steady state film boiling heat transfer study was conducted at atmospheric pressure, with a heated sphere as the heat transfer surface and liquid nitrogen as the boiling medium. Results indicate that the heat transfer rate in film boiling is not the same around the sphere. For the same heat flux, heat transfer at the sides of the sphere takes place at higher temperatures than at the bottom of the sphere. The data were compared with the equation of Frederking and Clark for spheres (1̲8̲), which was derived to predict steady state conditions at standard, fractional and near zero gravity. …

A Fluidic Liquid Level Control System, Vinod Kumar Verma

Masters Theses

"The prime objective of this investigation was to design and construct a working "Fluidic liquid level control system", and to make a functional study of the characteristics of the devices employed therein. A working model of a "fluidic liquid level control system" is developed and experimental data is collected to describe the functional characteristics of the fluidic circuits employed. The system contains a pressure sensitive, variable frequency oscillator; appropriate demodulation stages to convert the variable frequency alternating signal into a varying non-alternating signal; and on-off control elements in the final stages"--Abstract, page ii.

An Unsteady-State Method For Determining The Thermal Conductivity Of Materials, Richard H. Bulmer

Masters Theses

"Originally this work was initiated to develope [sic] a method for measuring the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of metals. Due to the characteristics of the method and the equipment used, it was concluded that the technique is not suitable for materials of high conductivity. However, results show that the apparatus is valuable for the determination of the thermal diffusivity of relatively poor heat conductors. The favorable characteristics of the method are its rapidity and basic simplicity"--Abstract, page ii.

Drag Reduction In Hydrocarbon Soap Solutions, Ian Radin

Masters Theses

"Turbulent flow pressure drop measurements were made for solutions of aluminum dioleate (soap) in toluene at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 per cent. Tube diameters ranged in size from 0.01 to 2.0 inches. The results of these measurements differed from those observed in aqueous systems. Higher concentrations (at least 0.75 per cent) were required before drag reduction was observed. Although fresh solutions were somewhat sensitive to shearing, once a solution was over about two weeks old it showed little further mechanical degradation. Although in the toluene solutions, wall shear stresses were reached which were over an order of …

The Design And Construction Of An Apparatus For The Plane Wave Analysis Of Mufflers, Stephen Philip Buckley

Masters Theses

"In the following report, a method for evaluating the attenuation characteristics of a general muffler as well as the design, construction and use of the associated apparatus are described. The method combines accepted plane wave theory and experimental techniques into a relatively straightforward approach to the analysis of acoustic filters. Equations are developed to cover the frequency range between 300 and 4000 cycles per second. Deviations from these equations extend the use of the equipment to low frequencies without the need for unduly long and cumbersome apparatus. This method, which may be called the standing wave method, utilizes a standing …

A Study Of Film Boiling Of Liquid Nitrogen And Liquid Argon Over A Wide Pressure Range With Cylindrical Heaters, V. J. Flanigan

Masters Theses

""A film boiling heat transfer study was conducted with three different diameter cylindrical copper heaters over a wide range of pressures for nitrogen and argon with the heat transfer surface in the horizontal position. The data were compared to the commonly used film boiling heat transfer relations. The common relations were found to be considerably in error for the range of variables covered in this investigation. A semi-empirical equation for corresponding states fluids which correlates the available data as a function of the reduced temperature and reduced pressure was derived and discussed"--Abstract, page iii.

An Investigation Of The Effects Of An Impact On Some Of The Mechanical Properties Of Aluminum Alloy 2014-T6, Rajnikant K. Shah

Masters Theses

"Static and impact tests were conducted on an Aluminum alloy 2014-T6 specimen. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of an impact load on some of the mechanical properties of aluminum. The cross section of the specimen measured 4.438 in. by 3.850 in. and it was 12 in. long. It was equipped with a total of four electric resistance gages connected in two pairs. One pair measured longitudinal strain while the other measured transverse strain. Both gages in each pair were mounted on the opposite sides to cancel the bending effect. In the static tests, load was …

Film Boiling From Horizontal Plates With Low Thermal Capacity, K. M. Ragsdell

Masters Theses

"The object of this investigation was to obtain data for saturated film pool boiling from a low thermal capacity flat plate at atmospheric pressure. A test plate, constructed from resistance strip, was placed horizontally in a pool of liquid, and was heated electrically. Refrigerant-11 and nitrogen were used as the boiling liquids. Heat transfer results were obtained in both fluids over a temperature range of approximately 1200F⁰ (400-1600⁰F). Surface size, roughness and orientation effects were observed for flat horizontal heated surfaces with one dimension near the most dangerous wavelength. No surface material effect was observed. Excellent correlation of the data …

Optimum Fin Spacing For Heat Transfer Per Unit Length Of Heat Exchange Section, Glenn Ellis Miller

Masters Theses

"This thesis presents the results of an experimental study of the heat-transfer ability of a finned surface as a function of the spacing between fins. The results are expressed as heat transfer per unit length of finned section rather than the heat transfer per fin. Circumferential steel fins, seven and three-quarter inches in diameter, were used for the investigation. Data was taken for fin spacings ranging from zero to one and one-half inches. The experimental heat-transfer rate to atmospheric air was determined by measuring the volume of saturated steam which condensed in the test section over a measured time interval. …

Convective Heat Transfer In Small Cylindrical Enclosures Heated From Below, Donald Wayne Land

Masters Theses

"Free convection in enclosed air spaces is often of prime importance in the design and analysis of panels utilizing the insulating properties of air and other gases. Previous investigations were performed on very thin air layers.

This thesis presents the results of an experimental investigation to determine the heat transfer by convection and conduction through air layers with relative sizes in terms of length/diameter ratios of one-fourth to one.

Eight cylindrical samples were tested. Four had inside diameters of 2.0 inches, and the others were 2.75 inches in diameter. Heat was transferred across the air layers by both conduction and …

A Study Of Modified Plug Designs For A Globe Valve, Robert W. Wagner

Masters Theses

"This thesis presents an empirical study of the characteristics of a cylindrical skirted disk valve used as a flow regulating device. Holes were drilled in two separate removable cylinders, which, when respectively attached to the valve plug adapter, provided control of the flow rate. These cylinders could be moved to permit exposure of more or less flow area by means of the valve stem and crank mechanism. At the closed position of the valve no holes were available for flow within the differential pressure zone of the valve, while at the full-open position all the drilled holes were within the …

Approximate Solution Of The Momentum And Energy Equations For Partially Ionized Argon, Sir-Hoi Chen

Masters Theses

"Based on available experimental data, the transport properties of partially ionized argon gas have been determined by solving the integral equations of momentum and energy conservation by an approximate method. The momentum and the energy conservation integral equations are solved simultaneously by an iteration method by assuming both parabolic and cubic velocity and temperature profiles separately. The results are compared with the case of linear velocity and temperature profiles"--Abstract, page iii.

A Study Of The Effect Of A Square Cutout On The Moment Distribution In A Simply Supported Rectangular Plate Under Normal Concentrated Load By The Moiré Fringe Method, Taher F. Raja

Masters Theses

"Plexiglass models were used to produce Moiré fringes for two different geometrical shapes. The moments in the case of a simply supported rectangular plate with a normal concentrated load were found using the Moiré fringes which directly give the gradients at all points of the surface of the model. The variation of the moments due to a square cutout was also studied by this method. As a check for the experimental method, the analytical solution was presented for the plate without a cut-out. The Moiré method yields moments to an accuracy of 3 to 15 percent, however, care must be …

Effect Of Artificial Roughness On Convection, Lee W. Burford

Masters Theses

"Considerable work has been done in recent years, and is still being done, to find ways of increasing the heat transfer rate in fluid heat exchangers. One particular type of potential heat exchanger that has been studied analytically, as well as experimentally, is the use of artificially roughened tubing.

The test sections used in this experiment consisted of four aluminum pipes, three of which have been artificially roughened internally by machining ninety- degree V-shape grooves along the axis of the pipes. The grooves were 30/1000, 60/1000, and 90/1000 inches in depth. The remaining pipe was a smooth test section with …

Empirical Evaluation Of The Eccentric Orifice In Small Diameter Pipes, Gary A. Hinz

Masters Theses

"This investigation has taken different orifice sizes (0.3005", 0.4000", 0.5045", 0.6015") and tested their flow characteristics when used in a 1" diameter pipe. Each orifice was initially placed in a fully eccentric position, that is the circumference of the orifice was placed tangent to the inside circumference of the pipe. Data was taken with the orifice eccentric to concentric in increments of 0.050".

Plots of flow coefficient versus Reynold's number were made for each position of the four orifices tested.

Empirical equations were developed for determining the flow coefficient of the various orifice sizes placed in any eccentric position.

It …

Measurement Of The Velocity And Temperature Profiles Of Air Swirling Through A Conical Shaped Nozzle, Stephen Abner Thompson

Masters Theses

"A study was conducted to determine the velocity and temperature distributions in swirling flow of air through a converging nozzle. Radial traverses were taken at three axial positions with a specially designed pitot tube constructed of hypodermic needles. The most significant finding was the large magnitude of the radial velocity component. A combination of reversed axial flow along the nozzle axis, and an outward flow near the nozzle surface was also experienced. An increase of temperature with increasing radial position may be attributed to the Ranque-Hilsch effect"--Abstract, page ii.

Calibration Of An Instrument To Calibrate Accelerometers, Nader Khorzad

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this research was to calibrate an instrument with which an accelerometer could be calibrated accurately. The instruments used were a piezoelectric shaker and a modified Michelson interferometer together with necessary electronic equipment. This equipment was used to calibrate a Kistler Model 808A accelerometer.

Weight was added to the shaker in the second part of this experiment in order to determine its effect on the amplitude and frequency of oscillation of the shaker.

Results show that this instrument may be used to calibrate an accelerometer quite accurately. The weight added to the shaker will effect only the amplitude …

A Fluid Control System For Nuclear Reactors, Roger Alan Crane

Masters Theses

"This thesis presents both an experimental and analytical analysis of the scram characteristics of a fluid control system for a nuclear reactor. This control system utilizes a control tube containing a neutron-absorbing fluid. The level of the fluid inside of the tube is then regulated by means of' a pressurized gas and offers a number of unique advantages over the conventional control rod system using linear absorber rods.

The effect of varying the level-control pressure and initial height of the fluid column is determined and evaluated. The time required to complete a scram with the fluid control system is compared …

Transient Temperature Distribution In A Finite Cylinder And An Infinite Cylinder Subjected To Some Boundary Conditions, Harng-Sen Huang

Masters Theses

"This thesis is concerned with the theoretical heat transfer analysis of solid cylinders. The first problem considered is the transient temperature distribution in a finite cylinder. This cylinder has a uniform initial temperature and a uniform constant surrounding temperature. This case is solved by the separation of variables. Combining the charts for the infinite cylinder and the charts for the infinite plate one can determine the solution to this case easily. If a uniform constant surface temperature is prescribed instead of a surrounding temperature, the solution can be obtained from the previous one by charging the Nusselt number to infinity. …

Cylinder-Head Surface Temperature And Maximum Pressure In A Diesel Engine, Jayant M. Patel

Masters Theses

"This report presents the result of an experimental investigation on the effect of 1) fuel consumption in a diesel engine on the mean cylinder-head surface temperature 2) engine speed and load on the maximum cylinder pressure.

A fast-response thermocouple was fixed in the cylinder head and temperatures were measured for various load and speed conditions. An attempt was made to record a transient surface temperature versus crank-angle diagram. Some doubt as to the reliability of this recording may arise because of the very small amount of time lag in the thermocouple action. This is immaterial to the subject of this …

The Effect Of Lubri-Coolant Application At The Tool-Chip Interface On Tool Forces, Bomi Ardeshir Hathikhanavala

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of a lubri-coolant directed in such a way that it impinged just below the chip at the tool-chip interface in an orthogonal cutting process. This was compared to the conventional method of flooding lubri-coolant around the tool-chip area ... The results obtained show that the forces required to cut a material were less if the lubri-coolant was directed on the tool-chip interface when larger values of feed and depth of cut were used, and that with smaller values of feed and depth of cut, the method of flooding was equal …

The Eccentric Orifice As A Flow Measuring Device In Small Diameter Pipes, James E. Casale

Masters Theses

"This thesis reports and evaluates the use of an eccentrically placed orifice as a flow measuring device in small pipe sizes. The orifice is placed in a concentric location and moved to increasingly eccentric locations until full eccentricity is reached. At full eccentricity the circumference of the orifice is tangent to the circumference of the pipe. The effects of increasing eccentricity are evaluated for four orifices...Flow coefficients for the orifices in different locations are plotted against Reynolds numbers. The eccentric orifice is a reliable, accurate flow measuring device for metering or controlling the flow of fluids. Design criteria can be …

Analysis Of The Flow Characteristics Through A Water Pressure Regulator, Anthony Lee Jatcko

Masters Theses

"This thesis presents an analysis of the flow characteristics through a water pressure regulator. Characteristic curves of the relationship between pressure drop through the regulator and flow through the regulator are developed. To further analyze these relationships, a least squares computer analysis was used to develop equations to fit these curves. An investigation into the modes of dissipating pressure energy in this type of regulator tends to indicate that a significant portion of the energy is lost through viscous shearing action in the area of high turbulence. The aforementioned characteristic curves also showed definite critical pressure points in the form …

Application Of The Photoelastic Coating Method To Evaluate The Stress Distribution On The External Surface Of The Cap Of An Electrical Insulator, Harijeetsinh Jagtiani

Masters Theses

"The Photoelastic Coating Method was applied to find the surface stresses on the cap of an electrical insulator. The strain distribution was observed and photographed. This color photograph indicated a visible geography of the maximum shear strain distribution in the region of the insulator where the birefringent plastic was bonded with a reflective cement. The Oblique Incidence technique was used to determine the principal stresses from the maximum shear strain (or the principal strain difference) readings, obtained from Normal Incidence. The critical cross-section of the insulator head was optically located, giving an initiative for the re-design of the insulator cap. …

A Study Of The Non-Newtonian Turbulent Fluid Flow Through An Annulus, Yogesh R. Parikh

Masters Theses

"This investigation is concerned with the study of non-Newtonian flow through an annulus. The experimental analysis of incompressible non-Newtonian fluids in a long cylindrical annulus of radius ratio 0.375 was studied in the turbulent region. Different types of non-Newtonian fluids were used to procure flow behaviour for the annulus.
The effect of increasing flow rate of the non-Newtonian fluids was evaluated by gathering pressure drop data across the annulus using a differential manometer. The power-law model is used in this study to characterize the non-Newtonian flow. The parameters of the power-law model were evaluated by gathering viscometric data on a …

Optimization Of Flywheel Design For Internal Combustion Engines, Dady Jal Patel

Masters Theses

"A new approach to the problem of flywheel design has been developed, thus eliminating some of the problems of conventional design. The term flywheel design, in this thesis, refers to the determination of the flywheel inertia (mass moment of inertia) only. Two versatile computer programs were set up to obtain the flywheel inertia and the turning moment diagram for a large variety of internal combustion engines, and use was made of these programs to optimize the inertia of the flywheel with respect to speed. As an illustration the data of a 1960 Corvair engine were selected, and the results obtained …

Instrumentation Of A Diesel Engine For Measuring Cylinder Head Temperature, And Pressure At Various Crank Angles, Raman A. Patel

Masters Theses

"In this investigation, an attempt has been made to measure the instantaneous pressures in the cylinder and the transient temperatures of cylinder head versus crank angle in a Diesel engine. A strain-gage pressure transducer and a sensitive surface thermocouple were used. The pressure transducer was practically free from temperature influence and strain effects caused by installation. It had a greatly reduced sensitivity to vibrations compared with other available types of pressure transducers. The thermocouple had a very short response time. A device enabling very accurate measurement of crank-angle was constructed. Appropriate quantities were displayed on the screen of an oscilloscope …

A Study Of Radiation Heat Transfer In Rectangular Ducts And Enclosures, Jenn-Wuu Ou

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this study is to determine the radiant heat transfer in rectangular configurations and construct a general computer program. Two specific cases are studied in this work. The first case is a rectangular duct with openings at each end. The duct is separated into two sections which are called the source and the sink respectively. A linear temperature profile is imposed on the source section. The energy loss of both the source and the sink is investigated. The second case is a complete rectangular enclosure. The two end plates are called the source and the sink respectively. A …