Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

Numerical Simulation Of The Heating Of Glass Mat Thermoplastic (Gmt) By Combined Conduction And Dual Beam Microwave Source Terms, Shrenik Kasturi

Theses

Fabrication of parts from glass mat thermoplastic involves the heating of the composite to a temperature above the melting point of the matrix iesin to obtain a low viscosity and to allow sheets to be molded without fractui ing. The focus of this work is this heating stage, particularly the influence of a source term in the energy equation.

The solution to this physical situation is complicated by the nature of the GMT sheet, which has a layeied structure, with diffeient thermophysical properties in different layers. The use of source terms has not been reported yet. and is the piimary …

Implementation Of A Production Planning And Control System In A Small Manufacturing Company, Carmelo Pernice

Theses

This thesis analyzed and discussed the implementation of a production control system in a small manufacturing firm. The basic concepts of production control were provided to give insight on the methodologies typically applied in production control systems. Overviews were presented on Material Resource Planning, Capacity Planning, and Shop Floor Control, as well as any supporting methodologies and technologies.

As with any project, some investigation was done in order to choose a system which best suits the company's needs. At Teledyne Adams, The DCD Shop Floor Control System was chosen since it is capable of handling batch manufacturing as well as …

Interfacing Plasticating Extruders With Personal Computers For Data Acquisition, Information Analysis And Retrieval Purposes, Gautamkumar Y. Shah

Theses

The current manufacturing industries are influenced more and more by computers and automation. Two of the major areas of computer uses are data acquisition and interfacing, both lead towards automation.

The intent of this thesis is to focus on the area of interfacing personal computers with plasticating extruders for information retrieval and storage. The requirements for software and hardware are discussed. Analysis of the stored information can be used to improve the quality of the final product. Implications of the stored parameters on the final product are also discussed. A sample program to store and retrieve the important parameters is …

Design For Assembly : Re-Design Of An Electrical Switch For The Ease Of Automatic Assembly, Achyuta Reddy Pannala

Theses

A design for assembly (DFA) method is used to analyze the existing design of parts of an electrical switch, and to reduce and re-design them, for the ease of automatic assembly. The procedure for the selection of suitable and economical assembly method is presented based on the Boothroyd & Dewhurst methods. Analysis of the initial design for manual assembly and the re-design for automatic assembly are presented. An algorithmic approach for simplified generation of all mechanical assembly sequences and selecting the good assembly sequences is presented with graphical representations. A work station needed for the automatic assembly is developed, which …

Analysis Of The Influence Of Natural Wear And Tear In Gates And Runners On The Filling Of A Balanced Multi-Cavity Injection Mold, Ranga Reddy V. Adavelly

Theses

Design of injection molds is outmost important in the manufacture of parts. Its components runners and gates significantly influence the mold filling. Using a simulation package for injection molding a balanced multi-cavity mold was designed. Wear in the gates of runner was simulated by varying the cross-sectional area of the components. Influence of wear of tear in gates of runners on mold filling was measured in terms of flow rate of time of fill. Detailed analysis is done on four different models using four different materials Polycarbonate, Polypropylene, Nylon6 and Polybutylene terephthalate. Graphical display of result is presented and analyzed …

Development Of An Adaptive Fuzzy Shell Clustering Algorithm And Validity Measures, Kurra Bhaswan

Theses

In objective functional based fuzzy clustering algorithms the weighted sum of the distances of the feature vectors from cluster prototype are minimized. The fuzzy memberships are utilized as weighing factors. The cluster prototype can be a point or a line or a plane, etc. This work extends the recent concept of using curved prototypes by utilizing the Adaptive Norm Theorem proposed by Dave¹ to develop an algorithm for the detection of fuzzy hyper-ellipsoidal shell prototypes. The Objective functional associates a norm for each cluster in which to measure the proximity of the shell prototype adaptively. The resulting implementation necessitates …

Petri Net Modeling And Analysis Of An Fms Cell, Paresh A. Patel

Theses

Petri nets have evolved into a powerful tool for the modeling, analysis and design of asynchronous, concurrent systems. This thesis presents the modeling and analysis of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) cell using Petri nets. In order to improve the productivity of such systems, the building of mathematical models is a crucial step.

In this thesis, the theory and application of Petri nets are presented with emphasis on their application to the modeling and analysis of practical automated manufacturing systems. The theory of Petri nets includes their basic notation and properties. In order to illustrate how a Petri net with …

Computer Graphic Simulation Of Sweeping Of Solid Objects, Jr-Jyun Jang

Theses

This thesis is on the computer graphic simulation of the swept volume of a solid object undergoing Euclidean motions (including translation and rotation). The study helps visualize different types of Euclidean motions and supports the previously developed swept volume theories by providing graphic realism.Included in the thesis presentation are the following :

1. Description of Euclidean motions of polyhedral objects, using ruled surfaces to represent swept volumes.
2. Representation of sweeping of solid objects, -using parametric cubic equation and sweep differential equation.
3. Simulation of motions of PUMA and IBM robots.
4. Wire-frame and shaded image displays of swept volumes.

On Local Stresses And Spring Constants Of A Sphere-Nozzle Connection, Ban-Li Lyow

Dissertations

This dissertation studies the local stresses and spring constants of a spherical shell with a nozzle attachment when it is under various loadings, namely radial force, overturning moment, horizontal shear force, and torsional moment. Because of the mathematical difficulty in modeling the nozzle-sphere configuration, particularly with nozzle opening, the finite element method (ANSYS package) is utilized in this study. The model used in this study is a quadrilateral thin shell element model when the γ_s (spherical radius/thickness) value is larger than 10. Otherwise the isoparametric solid element is used. The resulting stresses are basically biaxial state of stresses. It …

Development Of Techniques Of Artificial Intelligence In Identifying The Different Machined Surfaces, Yi-Ching Chou

Theses

This thesis deals with the identification of different machined surfaces with artificial inteligence techniques. There are five kinds of machining operations: grinding, turning, milling, EDM and waterjet which determine the characteristics of resulting surfaces. Topology of various specimens is measured using the surfanylizer. Twenty one parameters are extracted from the measurements to describe the characteristics. In this thesis, we develop neural and expert systems that recoginize and classify surfaces according to the machining methods.

Some Aspects Of Integration Of Classification, Computer Aided Design, Process Planning, And Scheduling Of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Suresh Godavari

Theses

This work deals with the role, problems and solution technique for integration of Computer Assisted Design, Classification, Process Planning, and Scheduling for a Flexible Manufacturing System. A lark spectrum of rotational and prismatic parts are considered.

A Knowledge-based rough classification and coding system [C&C] has been developed for coding similar parts using a Group Technology [GT] technique. In this module VP-EXPERT and DBase III Plus are used as expert system and database respectively. This module interfaces with a database for the retrieval and selection process.

The code obtained from the C&C system is the basis for the succeeding phases. The …

Deposition Of Particles In A Channel With Gravity And Image Forces, Jing-Shiun Lai

Theses

Deposition of particles in a parallel-plate channel under the influence of inertia, fluid viscosity, gravity and image forces was studied using trajectory method.

A laminar fluid flow of uniform and parabolic (or fully-developed) velocity profiles is assumed and the fluid is suspended with particles having the same velocity as the fluid at the inlet plane. The particles flowing into a horizontal parallel-plate channel have no initial velocity in the vertical direction. The influence of gravity force and image force produces a vertical motion which results in deposition of particles on the channel walls.

A trajectory method was employed to find …

Experimental Study Of The Internal Loads In A Cardan Joint, Johannes K. Waal De

Theses

A recent investigation by Fischer and Freudenstein questioned the validity of the negligible axial forces assumption in the static force analysis of Cardan Joints. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally assess this assumption for the dynamic case.

To this end an experiment was constructed to determine the axial forces acting on the intermediate revolute joints of a Cardan joint. A four-square test arrangement was prepared such that shaft intersection angle, shaft torque, and shaft speed could be varied. Strain gages were applied to the "arms" of the joint to measure the resulting strains due to the forces along …

Information Handling System With A Personal Computer To Assist In The Manufacturing Of Plastic Parts, Yi Chung

Theses

The ongoing personal computer development has led to its increasing application in manufacturing to improve productivity. Being more aware of this technology, most of these benefits have accrued to large firms. The intent of this thesis is to show that it is equally advantageous for small manufacturing companies to utilize them and show how they can do so.

The field of production control systems is discussed and those areas where personal computers can be applied are emphasized. Forecasting, warehouse management, material requirement planning, and inventory control are the most appropriate. An application example using dBase III plus to write the …

On Local Stresses And Spring Constants Of Pipe-Nozzle Connection, Hson-Chih Sun

Dissertations

This thesis presents a comprehensive study of local stresses and spring coefficients of pipe with a nozzle connection, analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). Six types of loading are discussed: radial force, circumferential moment, longitudinal moment, circumferential shear force, longitudinal shear force, and torsional moment.

For the local stresses, the bending and membrane stress factors due to each of these loadings are presented in a series of plots with various gamma (piping radius/thick-ness) and beta (nozzle radius/pipe radius) values. These stress factors will readily replace those previously published in WRC No. 107. This work not only gives more accurate …

A Study Of Machining Parameters To Optimize Surface Finish In Metal Cutting Through Cnc, S. Waseem H. Zaidi

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to find the relationship between surface finish and machining parameters. A series of experiments have been performed at shop floor of NJIT, on MAZAK(CNC turning center), using two different cutting tool materials(high speed steel and cemented carbide) and a workpiece of Aluminium. The results have been then evaluated and analyzed to see the effects of various combinations of cutting conditions, that is, feed, speed, and depth of cut. Recommendations have been made on the basis of analysis to estimate the minimum and maximum values of surface roughness with respect to the cutting conditions for …

Characterization Of Material Removal In The Course Of Abrasive Waterjet (Awj) Machining, Yu Yang

Theses

The objective of this study is to develop a practical procedure for prediction of the results of abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining. The first stage of the study involves the development of the technique for prediction of the rate of material removal in the course of abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining. A new parameter, Exergy Distribution Density (EDD), is introduced and used in order to characterize the cutting conditions. EDD, determined as the kinetic energy of particles delivered to a unit length of the generated surface, is the function of diameters of the sapphire nozzle (Dn) and the focusing tube (Dc), the …

Finite Element Analysis Of Torsional Concentric Composite Shaft Using Isoparametric Circular Element, Yee-Haur Wong

Theses

Finite Element Method is used to analyze the concentric composite material shaft subjected to torsion. Isoparametric circular ring element has been formulated to solve the one-dimensional problem. An intermaterial element at the interface has been developed to accomodate the changing modulus of rigidity.

Solutions of Prandtl's stress functions are used to compute shear stresses and torque in the composite shaft. Results of torque of the composite shaft are established using convergence tests of homogeneous solid and hollow shafts. Good agreement with classical solutions are obtained for homogeneous solid and hollow shafts.

A Torsional Concentric Composite Chart has been developed showing …

The Dynamics Of Bicycling : An Analytical And Experimental Investigation To Determine The Principles Of Design, Sylvester Yen

Theses

Bicycles have existed in working order for a century. They are mechanical products whose dynamic characteristics are highly nonlinear. This has to some extent prevented detailed analysis and for the most part design has been made from practical experience. The advent of computers has markedly changed the techniques and procedures used to calculate the performance of a bicycle. Bicycling began long ago, and since the first bicycle was demonstrated, bicyclists, scientists and engineers have designed thousands of different bicycles considering safety, comfort to ride and ease of control. Nonetheless, nobody claims to fully understand bicycling. If the fundamental principles exist, …

Characteristic Shape Recognition With Fuzzy Dustering, Kalpesh J. Patel

Theses

The problem of shape detection has been treated as one of clustering. A fuzzy-shell clustering(FSC) has been formulated as non linear least squares with fuzzy memberships as weights. An improved FSC algorithm has been proposed based on this formulation to partition the input feature vectors into hyper-spheres. To illustrate the usefulness of improved FSC we have provided numerous examples in 2-D space. The idea has been extended to fuzzy ellipsoidal-shell clustering (rESC). A FESC algorithm has been proposed to partition the input feature vectors into ellipsoidal patterns. To substantiate our claims regarding usefulness of this algorithm we have provided many …

Edge Matching Of Aerial Scenery Using Fourier Descriptors, Ananth Kittappa

Theses

In this report an integrated method of classifying aerial images as related to photo stereo grammetry is discussed. In this method, an investigation of Fourier descriptors as features for the edge matching approach is carried out. The efficient calculation of the Fourier Descriptors is made possible by applying the polygonal approximation method to the original edges. In order for the features to be invariant to rotation, scaling and starting point shift, a normalization technique is adopted. Initially the Fourier Descriptors are tested for synthesized test datasets and it was proved that the variances of the Normalized Fourier Descriptors was a …

Improving The Throughput Of Plasticating Extruders : Measurement Of The Interparticulate Friction Coefficient For Polymeric Particulates With Circular And Profiled Cross Sections, Aiping Chen

Theses

This thesis deals with the coefficient of friction between individual polymeric pellets, the interparticulate friction coefficient (IPFC). It has been measured using a shear cell for a wide variety of circular and profiled cross?section pellets for a variery of polymeric materials. First, the thesis explains the reasons why it is desirable to enhance the IPFC based on the melting mechanisms in a single screw plasticating extruder. By making pellets with profiled cross?section pellets, the IPFC is greater than for pellets of circular cross?section. Second, it describes the test apparatus for measuring the IPFC and the method for calculating the IPFC. …

A Comparative Study Of Edge Detection Techniques, Jaskaran Singh Dhaliwal

Theses

The problem of detecting edges in gray level digital images is considered. A literature survey of the existing methods is presented. Based on the survey, two methods that are well accepted by a majority of investigators are identified. The methods selected are: 1) Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) operator, and 2) An optimal detector based on maxima in gradient magnitude of a Gaussian-smoothed image. The latter has been proposed by Canny[], and will be referred as Canny's method. The purpose of the thesis is to compare the performance of these popular methods. In order to increase the scope of such comparison, …

Statistical Process Control For High Precision Deep Drawn Sheet Metal Parts, Sunil S. Shah

Theses

In today's world, industrial expertise has come to be judged in terms of the quality of the product. Good quality has become the ultimate aim in a manufacturing environment, which leads to many innovations for ease in the inspection of parts. In considering a metal working company like Hudson Tool & Die Company, a study of the various operations and the application of Statistical Process Control to the forming operations is performed using STORM software. Important characteristics have been carefully studied with regards to metal forming like uniform metal thickness, radius of the bend, depth of the drawing operation. In-depth …

Adhesion Effects In Micro Mechanisms, Dennis Alan Kalgren

Theses

Dielectric resonators (DR) are suitably shaped objects made of high dielectric constant materials like TiO2, BaO, ZnO, and accessory ingredients, which can function as electrical resonators covering a very wide frequency range upto 40GHz. The physical dimensions of dielectric resonators are in mm range. High dielectric constant material resonators seem to be ideally suited for microwave applications because of their miniature size, low loss, insensitivity to magnetic dc biasing fields, and ability to concentrate large RF magnetic fields in small volumes. However temperature stabilization of dielectric resonators is an important consideration as the center frequency is a function of temperature. …

Design Of Spatial Linkages For Dwell Function Generation, Donald F. Kelly

Theses

Certain single-loop spatial linkages containing spherical pairs may be used as dwell function generators. Analysis and design of these linkages, however, may be too complex for the practicing engineer.

In this study a method is presented, where the set of link lengths representing a linkage are determined from a smaller set of design parameters. Graphical relationships are also found between the design parameters and functional requirements for dwell, such as output function amplitude and dwell range. These graphs may be used as design charts, and design becomes the calculation of link lengths from design parameters chosen to satisfy the functional …

Development Of Air-Break Circuit Breaker, Ravi Kanth Korrapati

Theses

This thesis describes the development of an Air-Break circuit breaker, for Heinemann Electric Co., New Jersey, using I-DEAS CAD software. The physical properties obtained from the software, for the components of the armature assembly and the contact arm and the carriage, are used in determining the initial forces on a helical delay spring and in calculating accelerations of links in the trip mechanism. The trip mechanism is a four-bar mechanism with a spring as a coupler. Two second order differential equations define the motion of its links, the contact arm and the carriage. A time history of the links is …

Finite Element Stress Analysis Of Engine Piston, Anil Nanalal Mistry

Theses

In this analysis, Ford Motor Company's, modular engine seriespiston was selected for the analysis purposes. The engine has a capacity of 4.6 liter, V-8 cylinder and with 2 valves.The piston is made of aluminum alloy material Z-16-T6. A three-dimensional finite element model was created to analyze the piston. The model, which contains only the quarter section of the piston due to loading symmetry and geometry, was used to calculate operating temperatures and the corresponding thermal expansion. Operating stresses due to thermal and mechanical loads were also calculated. The accuracy of the model was verified by material data published in the …

Selection Of Master Degrees Of Freedom In Model Reduction Techniques, Yixing Qi

Theses

Based on the model reduction technique called SEREP (System Equivalent Reduction Expansion Process), systematic ways to select the master degrees of freedom (the degrees of freedom kept in the reduced model) are developed and their usefulness is demonstrated by the examples. The following two criteria are ' developed for two specific objectives.

When we need to identify the response of the full model from the response of the reduced model (usually obtained from the experiments,) we hope to reduce the estimation error between the estimated response and the actual one. We also hope to keep the points which will have …

Modification Of Turret For Enhancement Of Internal Turning Operations On A Cnc Lathe, Talla Rajasekhar

Theses

Towards the modification of the CNC turret a complete set of tool holders have been designed. They have been manufactured and installed according to the specifications. A detailed study of MARK CENTURY 2000 controller and PartMaster is presented. Additionally a component has been designed to be machined on the CNC lathe utilizing the MC2000 part programming capabilities. The part program of the machine component has been developed utilizing various phases of MC2000's Partmaster software. The generated part program has been executed on the CNC lathe.