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Articles 61 - 90 of 106
Full-Text Articles in Semiconductor and Optical Materials
Detection Of Residual Stress In Sic Mems Using Μ-Raman Spectroscopy, John C. Zingarelli
Detection Of Residual Stress In Sic Mems Using Μ-Raman Spectroscopy, John C. Zingarelli
Theses and Dissertations
Micro-Raman (µ-Raman) spectroscopy is used to measure residual stress in two silicon carbide (SiC) poly-types: single-crystal, hexagonally symmetric 6H-SiC, and polycrystalline, cubic 3C-SiC thin films deposited on Si substrates. Both are used in micro-electrical-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices. By employing an incorporated piezoelectric stage with submicron positioning capabilities along with the Raman spectral acquisition, spatial scans are performed to reveal areas in the 6H-SiC MEMS structures that contain residual stress. Shifts in the transverse optical (TO) Stokes peaks of up to 2 cm-1 are correlated to the material strain induced by the MEMS fabrication process through the development of phonon …
Optical Characterization And Modeling Of Compositionally Matched Indium Arsenide-Antimonide Bulk And Multiple Quantum Well Semiconductors, Scott C. Phillips
Optical Characterization And Modeling Of Compositionally Matched Indium Arsenide-Antimonide Bulk And Multiple Quantum Well Semiconductors, Scott C. Phillips
Theses and Dissertations
Indium arsenide-antimonide (InAsSb) semiconductors have been determined to emit in the 3-5 micrometer range, the window of interest for countermeasures against infrared electro-optical threats. This experiment set out to cross the bulk to quantum well characterization barrier by optically characterizing two sets of compositionally matched type I quantum well and bulk well material samples. Absorption measurements determined the band gap energy of the bulk samples and the first allowed subband transition for the quantum wells. By collecting absorption spectra at different temperatures, the trend of the energy transitions was described by fitting a Varshni equation to them. The expected result …
Controlled-Stress Large-Area Pulsed Laser Deposition Of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia, Paul C. Rounsavall
Controlled-Stress Large-Area Pulsed Laser Deposition Of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia, Paul C. Rounsavall
Theses and Dissertations
The US Air Force has need of parabolic-shaped membrane mirrors for surveillance satellites. The current polymer membrane technology has been unable to overcome shape deformation problems caused by intrinsic stresses from the membrane casting and mounting processes. One proposed solution was to coat the membrane mirrors with a stressed coating to compensate for shape deformations. Thus, the research presented in this dissertation produced controlled-stress large-area pulsed laser deposition (PLD) grown thin films on polymer substrates and investigated optical time-of-flight (TOF) sensor systems and Raman spectroscopy for control for the PLD process with respect to thin film stress. Initially, the PLD-grown …
Electrical Activation Studies Of Silicon Implanted Alx Gal-X N And Coimplanted Gan, Elizabeth A. Chitwood
Electrical Activation Studies Of Silicon Implanted Alx Gal-X N And Coimplanted Gan, Elizabeth A. Chitwood
Theses and Dissertations
A comprehensive study of the electrical activation of silicon implanted AlxGa1-xN was performed as a function ion dose, anneal temperature, and aluminum mole fraction, Also, GaN coimplanted with silicon and nitrogen was investigated. Room temperature Hall effect measurements were used to determine carrier concentration and mobility. All the samples had a 500 Å encapsulant of AlN, and were implanted at room temperature with 200 keV silicon ions at doses ranging from 1x1013 to 1x1015 /sq cm. The GaN was also implanted with nitrogen under the same conditions in doses of 9x1012 to 9x10 …
Luminescence Studies Of Ion-Implanted Gallium Nitride And Aluminum Gallium Nitride, Erin N. Claunch
Luminescence Studies Of Ion-Implanted Gallium Nitride And Aluminum Gallium Nitride, Erin N. Claunch
Theses and Dissertations
Recently, research on the wide bandgap semiconductors such as GaN and Al(x)Ga(1-x)N became very popular for their applications on various devices. Therefore comprehensive and systematic luminescence studies of Si implanted AlxGa1-xN, Mg doped GaN, and Si+N implanted GaN grown on sapphire substrates by molecular beam epitaxial method have been made as a function of ion dose and anneal temperature.
Measurements Of Neutron Induced Surface And Bulk Defects In 4h Silicon Carbide, Kent T. Jones
Measurements Of Neutron Induced Surface And Bulk Defects In 4h Silicon Carbide, Kent T. Jones
Theses and Dissertations
Epitaxial n-type 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) is irradiated with 2 MeV protons to evaluate the dislocation damage effects on the optical and electrical characteristics of the material. The optical properties of the material are investigated using temperature-dependant photoluminescence (PL) and the effects of proton irradiation on the electrical properties are evaluated using current-voltage measurements and constant-voltage deep level transient spectroscopy (CV-DLTS). Subsequent high-temperature thermal annealing and recovery of the irradiated material is investigated over the temperature range of 900-1500°C. Proton-induced irradiation damage is apparent in the 4H-SiC material, affecting both the optical and electrical characteristics of the devices. The radiative behavior …
Smart Structures For Control Of Optical Surfaces, D. Michael Sobers Jr.
Smart Structures For Control Of Optical Surfaces, D. Michael Sobers Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
The development of lightweight, large-aperture optics is of vital importance to the Department of Defense and the US Air Force for advancing remote sensing applications and improving current capabilities. Synthetic polymer optics offer weight and flexibility advantages over current generation glass mirrors, but require active control to maintain tight surface figure tolerances. This research explores the feasibility of using imbedded piezoelectric materials to control optical surfaces. Membrane-based and stiff piezo-controlled mirrors were constructed to develop and validate control techniques. Test results verified that surface control on the order of tens of wavelengths is possible using these systems.
Characterization Of The Optical And Electrical Properties Of Proton-Irradiated 4h-Silicon Carbide, Heather C. Crockett
Characterization Of The Optical And Electrical Properties Of Proton-Irradiated 4h-Silicon Carbide, Heather C. Crockett
Theses and Dissertations
Epitaxial n-type 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) is irradiated with 2 MeV protons to evaluate the dislocation damage effects on the optical and electrical characteristics of the material. Semiconductor materials with a high tolerance to radiation fields have applications in several aerospace power and satellite systems. SiC is under investigation due to its potential for such space material applications. The optical properties of the material are investigated using temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and the effects of proton irradiation on the electrical properties are evaluated using current-voltage measurements and constant-voltage deep level transient spectroscopy (CV-DLTS). Subsequent high-temperature thermal annealing and recovery of the irradiated …
Electrical Activation Studies Of Ion Implanted Gallium Nitride, James A. Fellows
Electrical Activation Studies Of Ion Implanted Gallium Nitride, James A. Fellows
Theses and Dissertations
A comprehensive and systematic electrical activation study of Si-implanted GaN was performed as a function of ion implantation dose, anneal temperature, and implantation temperature. Additionally, Mg-implanted GaN was also investigated. Temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were used to characterize the samples. GaN wafers capped with AlN were implanted with Si ions at doses ranging from 1x1013 to 5x1015 cm-2 and annealed from 1050 to 1350 °C. The optimum anneal temperature for samples implanted with the higher Si doses is around 1350 °C, exhibiting nearly 100% electrical activation efficiency. Exceptional mobilities and carrier concentrations were …
Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Of Inas/Gainsb Quantum Well Lasers, Michael R. Mckay
Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Of Inas/Gainsb Quantum Well Lasers, Michael R. Mckay
Theses and Dissertations
In the world of semiconductor photonic device fabrication, one important objective may be to extract as much light as possible from the device. In these devices, photons are created when electrons recombine with holes by transitioning from a high-energy state to a lower one. Unfortunately, electron-hole recombination does not always result in the formation of a photon. There are three basic types of recombination: the first results in the formation of a photon and is called radiative recombination; and the second and third, known as Shockley-Read-Hall and Auger recombination, result in the heating of the device and do not produce …
Photoluminescence Of Single Quantum Well Structures In Gallium Arsenide, Christian A. Bartholomew
Photoluminescence Of Single Quantum Well Structures In Gallium Arsenide, Christian A. Bartholomew
Theses and Dissertations
The continued development of state-of the-art semiconductor technologies and devices by the United States Air Force and the Department of Defense requires accurate and efficient techniques to evaluate and model these new materials. Of particular interest to the Air Force are quantum well structures which can be used for small-scale laser sources in fly-by-light applications, as efficient infrared countermeasures to heat-seeking missiles, or as advanced seekers in optically guided missiles. This thesis provides the initial experimental procedures and data necessary to begin producing accurate yet robust models. Although carrier effective masses could not be evaluated using hot-electron photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation …
Optical And Etching Studies Of Native Aluminum Oxide Layers For Use In Microcavity Photonic Devices, William L. Bernhard
Optical And Etching Studies Of Native Aluminum Oxide Layers For Use In Microcavity Photonic Devices, William L. Bernhard
Theses and Dissertations
Optical communication and computing systems are required to meet future information transfer and processing needs. Microcavity devices serve as an enabling technology to implement and integrate optoelectronic systems. It is important to understand the optical and mechanical properties of materials utilize within microcavity devices. Only then is it possible to accurately model and analyze structures. Microcavity structures incorporating a high aluminum content AlGaAs layers are designed, grown, processed, and measured. The processing of these devices includes the conversion of high aluminum-content AlGaAs layers to native aluminum oxide (AlO) layers through the process of thermal oxidation. This selective conversion of microcavity …
Numerical Study Of Optical Delay In Semiconductor Multilayer Distributed Bragg Reflector And Tunable Microcavity Structures, Michael I. K. Etan
Numerical Study Of Optical Delay In Semiconductor Multilayer Distributed Bragg Reflector And Tunable Microcavity Structures, Michael I. K. Etan
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Force has a growing need for the greater bandwidth, speed, and flexibility offered by optical communication links. Future space systems and airborne platforms will most likely use optical signals for efficient power transmission and to minimize the possibility of spoofing and eavesdropping. Tunable optical delays play an important role in the implementation of free space optical communication links. The primary challenge in implementing these systems is the active maintenance of coherent wave fronts across the system's optical aperture. For space applications, this aperture may he hundreds of meters in diameter. Spatial segmentation of a large aperture into smaller …
Electrical And Optical Characterization Of Intrinsic And Ion-Implantation Induced Defects In 6h- And 4h-Sic, Michael B. Scott
Electrical And Optical Characterization Of Intrinsic And Ion-Implantation Induced Defects In 6h- And 4h-Sic, Michael B. Scott
Theses and Dissertations
Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), Hall effect, and cathodolummescence (CL) measurements are used to characterize the intrinsic and ion-implantation induced defects in high-temperature (475 and 500 °C) ion-implanted epitaxial n-type 6H- and 4H-SiC, ion-implanted with Cr, Mg, Ar, N, and P atoms. Comparison of room-temperature and high-temperature ion-implanted 6H-SiC:Mg and :Cr indicate the significance of high-temperature ion implantation on the activation of the ion-implanted atoms and damage-recovery of the crystalline lattice. The effects of high-temperature annealing on both damage-recovery and implanted ion activation are detected and analyzed, from 1200 to 1800 °C. Trap parameters of both damage-related and species-related defects …
Electrical Characterization Of Ion-Implanted 4h-Silicon Carbide, Christian P. Morath
Electrical Characterization Of Ion-Implanted 4h-Silicon Carbide, Christian P. Morath
Theses and Dissertations
Electrical characterization has been performed on ion-implanted p-type 4H-SiC to assess the activation efficiency and implantation-related damage recrystallization with the intention of developing an implantation/annealing scheme. Low doped (Na - Nd = 5x10(exp 15)/cu cm) epitaxial p-type layers grown by MOCVD were implanted with Al or B at doses ranging from 1x10(exp 13) to 1x10(exp 14)/sq cm at room temperature or 500 deg. C. The electrical technique of Temperature Dependent Hall Effect (TDHE) indicated that Al and B act as shallow acceptors 4H-SiC with ionization energies of ^252 and ^285 meV, respectively. The highest activation efficiency for Al and B …
Measurement Of Ultrafast Carrier Recombination Dynamics In Mid-Infrared Semiconductor Laser Material, William T. Cooley
Measurement Of Ultrafast Carrier Recombination Dynamics In Mid-Infrared Semiconductor Laser Material, William T. Cooley
Theses and Dissertations
Shockley-Read-Hall, radiative, and Auger recombination rates in mid-infrared laser structures are measured and reported using time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) frequency upconversion. The mid-IR lasers studied were actual InAsSb/InAlAsSb multiple-quantum-well (MQW) diode lasers emitting near 3.3 micrometers which were previously characterized for laser performance. This effort extends the initial studies and reports on the carrier recombination dynamics. Shockley-Read-Hall, radiative and Auger recombination rates at low temperature (77 K) were measured and found to be ASRH ≈ 10 x 107sec-1, Brad ≈ 2 x 10-10 cm3sec-1 and CAuger < 10-29 cm6 …
Experimental Investigation Of Nonlinear Dynamics In Single Mode Semiconductor Laser Diodes With Phase Conjugate Feedback, Gordon T. Hengst
Experimental Investigation Of Nonlinear Dynamics In Single Mode Semiconductor Laser Diodes With Phase Conjugate Feedback, Gordon T. Hengst
Theses and Dissertations
The semiconductor laser diode offers a unique system to investigate nonlinear dynamics when optical feedback is applied. Although there is extensive research of laser diodes with optical feedback from normal dielectric mirrors, very little has been done experimentally to analyze the effects of degenerate phase conjugate feedback from a BaTiO3 crystal. This research experimentally investigated the dynamics of a single-mode laser diode with weak phase conjugate feedback using both the self-pumped and double phase conjugate geometries. The experimental results validated a mathematical model which numerically evaluates the Lang-Kobayahsi coupled differential equations. The model simulated the nonlinear behavior of a …
Investigation Of The Optical Properties Of Ordered Semiconductor Materials, Jack E. Mccrae Jr.
Investigation Of The Optical Properties Of Ordered Semiconductor Materials, Jack E. Mccrae Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Optical studies have been conducted upon CdGeAs2 and ZnGeP2, two of the most promising semiconductors being developed for mid-infrared non-linear optics applications. These experiments included photoluminescence (PL) studies of both compounds as well as photoreflectance (PR) measurements upon CdGeAs2. In addition, Hall effect measurements were carried out upon CdGeAs2, to aid in interpretation of the optical data. PL was measured as a function of laser power, sample temperature, and crystal orientation for CdGeAs2. One broad weak peak near 0.38 eV, and another somewhat narrower and often far brighter peak near 0.57 …
Optical Detection Properties Of Silicon-Germanium Quantum Well Structures, Michael R. Gregg
Optical Detection Properties Of Silicon-Germanium Quantum Well Structures, Michael R. Gregg
Theses and Dissertations
A study has been carried out on Si/SiGe multi quantum well structures to determine their applicability as normal incidence infrared detectors in the spectral range of 2-12 micrometers. The research effort was primarily experimental; however, extensive calculations were performed to initially explain the experimental data and then used to design subsequent structures. Multiple quantum well structures grown on both Si[001] and Si[110] substrates via molecular beam epitaxy were studied by photoluminescence, absorption, and photoresponse measurements over a wide parameter space. Variables included quantum well depth and width, well doping, number of wells and growth temperature. Well widths were varied from …
Design Of Gradient Index Optical Thin Films, Jeffrey J. Druessel
Design Of Gradient Index Optical Thin Films, Jeffrey J. Druessel
Theses and Dissertations
Gradient index thin films provide greater flexibility for the design of optical coatings than the more conventional 'layer' films. In addition, gradient index films have higher damage thresholds and better adhesion properties. This dissertation presents an enhancement to the existing inverse Fourier transform gradient index design method, and develops a new optimal design method for gradient index films using a generalized Fourier series approach. The inverse Fourier transform method is modified to include use of the phase of the index profile as a variable in rugate filter design. Use of an optimal phase function in Fourier-based filter designs reduces the …
Electrical Characterization Of 4h-Silicon Carbide P-N Junction Diodes, Michael E. Dunn
Electrical Characterization Of 4h-Silicon Carbide P-N Junction Diodes, Michael E. Dunn
Theses and Dissertations
The current conduction mechanisms of 4H-SiC p+n mesa diodes were studied using current-voltage-temperature (I-V-T), capacitance-voltage-temperature (C-V-T), deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), optical observations, and reverse breakdown measurements. Temperature and voltage dependencies of diffusion, recombination, and tunneling current processes are shown to be consistent with Sah-Noyce-Shockley theory. Recombination currents having an ideality factor of A=1.85-2.1 yielded an activation energy of EA=1.56 eV, whereas for ideal recombination, A=2 and EA=1.6 eV. Forward I-V curves of poor diodes dominated by tunneling and recombination processes, showing low reverse breakdown voltages of approx. 100 V, can be correlated to DLTS results …
Photoluminescence And Electroluminescence Of Erbium And Neodymium Implanted Semiconductors, James R. Hunter
Photoluminescence And Electroluminescence Of Erbium And Neodymium Implanted Semiconductors, James R. Hunter
Theses and Dissertations
Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) measurements were used to study the excitation of erbium- and neodymium-implanted GaAs and AlxGa1-xAs (x=0. 1, 0.3) pn-junctions. The rare-earth (RE) emissions were investigated as a function of ion dose, aluminum mole fraction, laser excitation power, and applied forward bias voltage for the implanted samples. Low temperature PL was also measured from Er doped silicon grown by the metalorganic chemical vapor-phase deposition (MOCVD) method using various growth parameters.. The MOCVD-grown Si samples were studied as a function of metalorganic source temperature, silane (SiH4) flow, growth time, and …
Electrical Characterization Of 4h-And 6h-Silicon Carbide Schottky Diodes, Jeffrey C. Wiemeri
Electrical Characterization Of 4h-And 6h-Silicon Carbide Schottky Diodes, Jeffrey C. Wiemeri
Theses and Dissertations
The electrical properties of silicon carbide (SiC) make it an excellent candidate for use in high temperature/high power devices due to its wide bandgap, high breakdown field, high electron mobility, etc. In this work two Schottky diodes of platinum (Pt) on n-type carbon faced 4H-SiC and three Schottky diodes of nickel (Ni) on n-type silicon faced 6H-SiC were electrically characterized. The diodes exhibited good performance up to 698 K for both the forward and reverse (up to -100v) bias voltages. The barrier heights measured by I-V-T tests were found to be 0.32 and 0.61 eV for the Pt/4H-SiC samples, but …
Optical Characterization Of Indium Arsenide Antimonide Semiconductors Grown By Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Michael A. Marciniak
Optical Characterization Of Indium Arsenide Antimonide Semiconductors Grown By Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Michael A. Marciniak
Theses and Dissertations
The material parameters and crystalline quality of undoped, MBE-grown InAs1-xSbx nearly lattice-matched to (100) GaSb (-0.617% ≤ Δ a-a ≤ +0.708%) similar to material used for mid-infrared semiconductor lasers were determined by optical characterization. Absorption measurements at temperatures between 6-295 K determined the energy gap and wavelength-dependent absorption coefficient for each sample. The compositional dependence of the energy gap was anomalous when compared to previously reported data, suggesting phase separation existed in the material. The samples were also studied by temperature- and excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL), which, for the majority of cases, showed only a single band-edge peak, …
Total Ionizing Dose Effects In Mosfet Devices At 77 K, Kevin J. Daul
Total Ionizing Dose Effects In Mosfet Devices At 77 K, Kevin J. Daul
Theses and Dissertations
Total ionizing dose effects on thermal oxide and reoxidized nitrided oxide (RNO) MOSFET devices at 77 K were studied. The MOSFETs were immersed in liquid nitrogen and irradiated, using a 60Co source, up to 1 Mrad(Si) at a dose rate of 107 rads(Si)-sec. Drain current-gate voltage characteristics were obtained and used to determine threshold voltage and transconductance. At 77 K the subthreshold slopes indicated no observed buildup of interface states in any of the transistors. Furthermore, all transistors experienced very little change in the transconductance. Typical negative shifts in threshold voltage as dose increased were observed in all of …
Model Of A Single Impurity In A Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Describing Electric Field Screening, Anthony N. Dills
Model Of A Single Impurity In A Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Describing Electric Field Screening, Anthony N. Dills
Theses and Dissertations
A mathematical model of the influence on electric field screening arising from a single impurity in a wide bandgap semiconductor has been numerically investigated and compared with analytically derived solutions. The parameter set chosen to perform the comparison of analytical solution and numerical solution is based upon a bismuth silicate crystal. Both the analytical calculations and the numerical calculations are an attempt to mathematically model the internal electric field within a semiconductor. Two types of impurities were looked at: a single donor level and a single trap impurity level. In general, after an abrupt application of a voltage across the …
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Of 4h- And 6h-Sic, William A. Davis
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Of 4h- And 6h-Sic, William A. Davis
Theses and Dissertations
Typical undoped bulk grown SiC shows n- or p-type conductivity due to residual impurities such as nitrogen, boron, or aluminum. In order to produce high resistivity material, vanadium can be used as a compensating dopant. Since vanadium is an amphoteric dopant in SiC, it produces either a donor state, VSi4+(3d1) → VSi5+(3d0), or an acceptor state, VSi4+(3d1) → VSi3+(3d2). Thus, vanadium doping can compensate both n- and p-type conductivity. In this work, vanadium doped and undoped 4H- and 6H-SiC grown …
Design, Fabrication, Modeling, And Optical Characterization Of Organic Polymer Nonlinear Directional Couplers, John N. Berry
Design, Fabrication, Modeling, And Optical Characterization Of Organic Polymer Nonlinear Directional Couplers, John N. Berry
Theses and Dissertations
This research was an investigation into the suitability of a recently developed polymer, polyphenylene, as a material for integrated optical circuits (IOCs). Polymers show great promise in the area of IOCs because of material processing advantages, compatibility with most existing integrated circuit technology, and relatively strong nonlinear optical characteristics. This thesis contains an overview of: dielectric waveguides, linear and nonlinear directional coupler theory; various models useful in the design and analysis of optical waveguides; the fabrication of three different waveguide designs; the experimental apparatus and procedure used to optically characterize the waveguides; and the experimental results of the characterization. Waveguiding …
The Junction Characteristics And Current Conduction Mechanisms Of Gainp2 N+P Diodes And Solar Cells, Kitt C. Reinhardt
The Junction Characteristics And Current Conduction Mechanisms Of Gainp2 N+P Diodes And Solar Cells, Kitt C. Reinhardt
Theses and Dissertations
This work involves an investigation of GaInP2 n+p diode and solar cell dark current mechanisms, the defect centers that affect these mechanisms, and the response of dark current and solar cell photovoltaic parameters to I MeV electron irradiation and thermal annealing. Dark current due to carrier diffusion, recombination, and tunneling were identified, and recombination current was found to dominate at the maximum power-point voltage of the GaInP2 solar cells. Carrier recombination was found to occur via defect centers at the perimeter and within the bulk of the junction. Two deep majority-hole trap centers were found at E …
The Excitation Mechanism Of Praseodymium-Doped Semiconductors, Paul L. Thee
The Excitation Mechanism Of Praseodymium-Doped Semiconductors, Paul L. Thee
Theses and Dissertations
This study on praseodymium Pr luminescence in AlxGa1-xAs was conducted to enhance the understanding of the excitation mechanism. Pr was implanted at 390 keV with doses from 5 x 1012 to 5 x 1013 sq cm into AlxGa1-xAs x0.0 to 0.50 wafers which were annealed using the rapid thermal annealing RTA method. Low temperature photoluminescence PL was conducted using an Ar-ion laser and Ge detector. PL emissions of Pr from all hosts include peaks near 1.3 and 1.6 µm which are assigned to the intra-4f transitions of 1G4 yielding 3H5 …