Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Quality Improvement In Drilling Silicon By Using Micro Laser Assisted Drilling, Barkin Bakir

The Hilltop Review

The micro-laser assisted drilling (µ-LAD) of monocrystalline silicon (100), using a diamond cutting tool coupled with a laser, was tested in order to improve the cutting edge quality of a drilled samples. The laser beam is transmitted through an optically transparent diamond drill bit and focused precisely at the tool-workpiece interface, where the material is under high pressure induced by the diamond tool. The influence of the laser power on the quality and the inner surface finish of the drilled materials is investigated. Different laser powers were used to carry out the experiments. The experimental results indicated that the µ-LAD …

Interplay Of Composition, Structure, And Electron Density Of States In W-Os Cathode Materials And Relationship With Thermionic Emission, Qunfei Zhou, Thomas John Balk, Matthew J. Beck

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The presence and composition of W-Os alloys have been found to significantly affect the thermionic emission properties of Os-coated tungsten dispenser cathodes. However, the comprehensive understanding of structure–property relationships needed to design improved tungsten cathodes with larger thermionic emission is still lacking. In this study, composition–structure–property relationships governing thermionic emission from W-Os alloys were investigated using quantum mechanical calculations. Low-energy W-Os atomic configurations at various compositions were determined from first-principles calculations based on density functional theory in combination with cluster expansion calculations. Electronic properties were investigated in terms of the electron density of states. The relative position of the Fermi …

Inhibition Of Mammalian Glycoprotein Ykl-40 Identification Of The Physiological Ligand, Abhishek A. Kognole, Christina M. Payne

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

YKL-40 is a mammalian glycoprotein associated with progression, severity, and prognosis of chronic inflammatory diseases and a multitude of cancers. Despite this well documented association, identification of the lectin′s physiological ligand and, accordingly, biological function has proven experimentally difficult. YKL-40 has been shown to bind chito-oligosaccharides; however, the production of chitin by the human body has not yet been documented. Possible alternative ligands include proteoglycans, polysaccharides, and fibers like collagen, all of which makeup the extracellular matrix. It is likely that YKL-40 is interacting with these alternative polysaccharides or proteins within the body, extending its function to cell biological roles …

Design And Validation Of Novel Potential High Entropy Alloys, Boliang Zhang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The design approach and validation of single phase senary refractory high entropy alloys (HEAs) MoNbTaTiVW and HfNbTaTiVZr were presented in first part of this dissertation. The design approach was to combine phase diagram inspection of available binary and ternary systems and Calculation of Phase Diagrams (CALPHAD) prediction. Experiments using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques verified single phase microstructure in body centered cubic lattice for both alloys. The observed elemental segregation agrees well with the solidification prediction using Scheil model. The lattice constant, density and microhardness were measured to be 0.3216 nm, 4.954 GPa and 11.70 g/cm³ for …

A Multiscale Model For Damage Progression And Detection In Piezo/Pyroelectric Composite Laminates, Yehia Bahei-El-Din, Amany Micheal

Centre for Advanced Materials

Assessment of damage initiation and progression in composite structures reinforced with electrically active filaments is modelled in a multiscale analysis. The analysis developed is a two-tier, interactive analysis, which involves two length scales; macroscopic, and microscopic. The proposed multiscale analysis provides seamless integration of the mechanics at the two length scales, including piezoelectric and pyroelectric coupling effects and damage under overall thermomechanical loads and an electric field applied to electroactive fibers. The macromechanical analysis is performed for multidirectional, fibrous laminates using the lamination theory, including bending, and the micromechanical analysis is performed using a two-phase model and a periodic array …

Tensile Specimen Punch, John Allen

All Undergraduate Projects

This project comes from a need to have tensile specimens made for the MET 351, Metallurgy/Materials and Processes, and 426, Applied Strengths of Materials, labs. This punch is designed to be used with an arbor press to create the desired tensile specimen shape out of plastic blanks. The initial concept was suggested by Dr. Craig Johnson. The designs went through many changes, for example getting rid of the sides originally proposed to hold the specimen in place, and modifications to other parts to make them more efficient. Additional parts were also added to the design with the help and advice …

Composite Cold Expansion Tooling, Andrew Amos

All Undergraduate Projects

In the world of aircraft manufacturing, cold expansion products literally hold these aircraft together. The problem faced today is that the Little Brute Hydraulic Puller designed and built by Fatigue Technology Inc. is a handheld steel hydraulic cylinder that is heavy and expensive to produce. In a market that demands continuous improvement, there is a constant push to make the product cheaper, better and lighter. In order to accomplish this demand a composite tube will be substituted in the design as the primary pressure cylinder instead of the traditional steel pressure cylinder in order to create a lighter and cheaper …

Detecting Laminate Damage Using Embedded Electrically Active Plies – An Analytical Approach, Amany Micheal, Yehia Bahei-El-Din

Centre for Advanced Materials

Assessment of damage initiation and progression in composite laminates with embedded electrically active plies is modeled. Utilizing electrically active layers embedded in composite laminates as damage sensors is proposed by several researchers and is mainly assessed experimentally. Sensing damage using embedded electrically active plies is generally preferred over the use of surface mounted PZT wafers since the range of the latter is limited to a very narrow area underneath the surface, while multiple damage mechanisms can generally be found in several plies of the laminate. The solution presented invokes two levels of analysis. Firstly, on the laminate level, applied membrane …

A Simple Embedded Atom Potential For Palladium-Hydride, Yang Zhang

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Metal Hydride systems are an important research topic in material science because of their many practical, industrial, and scientific applications. Therefore, the development of reliable and efficient interatomic potentials for metal hydrides systems, to be utilized in atomistic modeling, can be of great value in accelerating the research in this field. The embedded-atom method (EAM), based on the density functional theory (DFT), has the advantage of being both computationally efficient and being well suited for modeling metal hydride systems. In this work, the author has developed an efficient EAM potential for the palladium hydride (Pd-H) alloy system. Contrary to previously …

Computational Modeling Of Percolation Conduction And Diffusion Of Heterogeneous Materials, Jian Qiu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Heterogeneous materials provide a unique combination of desirable mechanical, thermal or electrical properties. This dissertation presents several micro-structure modeling approaches to predict the effective properties of heterogeneous materials and demonstrates its certain application toward two highly heterogeneous, unconventional structural composite materials (carbon fiber reinforced composite materials and graphene nanoplatelets composite). By using the efficient computational algorithm based on the FEA, a randomly oriented disk-shaped particles system are generated. A new element partition scheme based on the vector operations and geometry of inclusion has been implemented to mesh the intersected disks. The computed equivalent conductivity is expressed as a power-law function …

Assessment Of Individual Photovoltaic Module Performance After 26 Years Of Field Exposure At The Telonicher Marine Lab In Trinidad, California, Jake Rada

Projects

In 1990, 192 ARCO M75 photovoltaic (PV) modules were installed as a part of the Schatz Solar Hydrogen Project at the Humboldt State University (HSU) Telonicher Marine Lab in Trinidad, California, within 150 m of the Pacific Ocean. This 9.2 kW-rated PV array was used to power the marine laboratory air compressor and an electrolyzer. Individual current-voltage (IV) curve tests were performed on each of the PV modules prior to the array’s construction in 1990 and again in 2001, 2010, and, most recently, in 2016, following decommissioning of the array. After 25.5 years of use, 188 of the original 192 …

Fabricating Zirconia Parts With Organic Support Material By The Ceramic On-Demand Extrusion Process, Wenbin Li, Amir Ghazanfari, Devin Mcmillen, Andrew Scherff, Ming Leu, Gregory Hilmas

Faculty Publications, Mechanical Engineering

Ceramic On-Demand Extrusion (CODE) is an extrusion-based additive manufacturing process recently developed for fabricating dense, functional ceramic components. This paper presents a further development of this process and focuses on fabricating 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) components that cannot be fabricated without using support structures. The 3YSZ paste is deposited through the main nozzle, and a polycaprolactone (PCL) pellet feedstock is melted and deposited through an auxiliary nozzle to build support structures. After a green part is printed and dried, the support structures are removed by heating the part to ~70°C to melt the PCL. The part is then sintered …

Synthesis Of Discrete Transition Metal (Ni, Fe, Co, Mn) Phosphide Nanoparticles: Compositional Effect On Catalytic And Magnetic Properties, Da Li

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation research is focused on the synthesis, characterization of binary and ternary transition metal (Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) phosphide nanomaterials and their catalytic and magnetic properties.

A phase-control strategy enabling the arrested-precipitation synthesis of nanoparticles of Ni5P4 and NiP2 is presented. The composition and purity of the product can be tuned by changing key synthetic levers, including the metal precursor, the oleylamine (OAm) and Trioctylphosphine (TOP) concentrations, temperature, time and the presence or absence of a moderate temperature soak step to facilitate formation of Ni and/or Ni-P amorphous nanoparticle intermediates.

New CoxFe2-xP nanoparticles (0 ≤ x ≤ 2), Co2-xMnxP …

Variable Oxidation & Defects In Ti-6al-4v Material In Electron Beam Melting Additive Manufacturing, Edward Patton Clark

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Powder-based metal in additive manufacturing (AM) is advantageous for rapid prototyping of parts and components, with the benefit of reusing powder to reduce production costs. A common driver in the aerospace industry is free-form complex geometries which can be created using CAD software to optimize specifications with strength-to-weight ratios in components. Weight optimization of aircraft components using additive manufacturing reduces material, which significantly reduces production cost in comparison to cast and wrought metallic products. Large biomedical and aerospace industries heavily invest in feedstock metal powders that have low density under structural stresses and high temperatures, resulting in superior resistance to …

Electrode Integration Of Nanostructured Metal And Metal Oxide Materials Based On In-Situ Growth Methods For Environmental Sensors, Xiaochen Wang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the past decades, increased human population and activities have introduced a large amount of pollutants into the environment. Various types of conventional analytical instruments were used for monitoring the emitted chemicals with low detection limit, high accuracy, and discrimination power. However, many of these methods are laboratory-based owing to sample collection, transportation, extraction, and purification steps. To make real-time on-site monitoring possible, miniaturized sensors with various integrated elements were developed. One of the most well-known strategies is to utilize nanostructured materials with enhanced sensing properties for those devices. For a majority of the current state of art devices, the …

Dynamic Coupling Of Phase-Heat And Mass Transfer In Porous Media And Conjugate Fluid/Porous Domains, Mahmoud Mohamed Mostafa Elhalwagy, Anthony G. Straatman

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Publications

No abstract provided.

Zwitterionic Polymer Materials For Nanoparticle Stabilization, Cell Encapsulation And Anti-Fouling Coating, Wei Wang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Based on the superior anti-fouling property, the zwitterionic materials had great potential in applications such as medical implants, medical device coating, and marine coating industry. This thesis will focus on the applications of zwitterionic materials in stabilizing carbon nanoparticles, as implantable devices and durable coating on medical devices for long-term anti-microbial purposes. Chapter 2 of the thesis will discuss a simple method to synthesis carbon nanoparticles stabilized by zwitterionic polymers. Chapter 3 of the thesis reports the use of zwitterionic hydrogel to encapsulate islet of Langerhans to treat Type 1 diabetes. In Chapter 4 and 5, several methods were developed …

Ferroelectricity And The Phase Transition In Large Area Evaporated Vinylidene Fluoride Oligomer Thin Films, Keith Foreman, Shashi Poddar, Stephen Ducharme, Shireen Adenwalla

Shireen Adenwalla Papers

Organic ferroelectric materials, including the well-known poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymers, have been extensively studied and used for a variety of applications. In contrast, the VDF oligomer has not been thoroughly investigated and is not widely used, if used at all. One key advantage the oligomer has over the polymer is that it can be thermally evaporated in vacuum, allowing for the growth of complex heterostructures while maintaining interfacial cleanliness. Here, we report on the ferroelectric properties of high-quality VDF oligomer thin films over relatively large areas on the order of mm². The operating temperature is identified via …

Defect Engineering: A Path Toward Exceeding Perfection, Hamed Attariani, Kasra Momeni, Kyle R. Adkins

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Moving to nanoscale is a path to get perfect materials with superior properties. Yet defects, such as stacking faults (SFs), are still forming during the synthesis of nanomaterials and, according to common notion, degrade the properties. Here, we demonstrate the possibility of engineering defects to, surprisingly, achieve mechanical properties beyond those of the corresponding perfect structures. We show that introducing SFs with high density increases the Young’s Modulus and the critical stress under compressive loading of the nanowires above those of a perfect structure. The physics can be explained by the increase in intrinsic strain due to the presence of …

Four-Terminal Square Piezoresistive Sensors For Mems Pressure Sensing, Awlad Hossain, Ahsan Mian

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The sensitivity of four-terminal piezoresistive sensors commonly referred to as van der Pauw (VDP) structure is investigated. The VDP sensor is considered to be fabricated on (100) silicon due to its potential application in MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) pressure sensors. The sensitivity of the VDP sensor may be affected by misalignment during the etching/diffusion process, the nonuniformity of piezoresistive coefficients through the sensor thickness, and pad size with respect to the sensor size. For this particular analysis, the effect of VDP stress sensitivity on variations in pad sizes and through-the-thickness -coefficient variation are studied as the effect of misalignment has already …

Development Of Nanostructured Austempered Ductile Cast Iron, Saranya Panneerselvam

Wayne State University Dissertations

Austempered Ductile Cast Iron is emerging as an important engineering materials in recent years because of its excellent combination of mechanical properties such as high strength with good ductility, good fatigue strength and fracture toughness together with excellent wear resistance. These combinations of properties are achieved by the microstructure consisting of acicular ferrite and high carbon austenite. Refining of the ausferritic microstructure will further enhance the mechanical properties of ADI and the presence of proeutectoid ferrite in the microstructure will considerably improve the ductility of the material.

Thus, the focus of this investigation was to develop nanostructured austempered ductile cast …

Bioreducible Layer-By-Layer Films For Gene Delivery, Lingxiao Xie

Wayne State University Dissertations

Layer-by-Layer (LbL) gene delivery system is fabricated by polycation and plasmid DNA alternative deposition based on electrostatic force between each other. This dissertation explored the relationship between LbL film assembly and disassembly. Demonstrated that the film disassemble process is closely related to film interior structure. LbL interlayer diffusion, which is caused by the polyelectrolytes own properties, such as polymer chain length, molecular weight, and charge density, can influence film growth mode. The interlayer diffusion is the main reason to lead fast and bulk DNA releasing of bioreducible LbL film. Preventing interlayer diffusion by inserting small diffusion coefficient polymer, such as …

Built-In Bicycle Rack For Cars, Scott A. Hansberry

All Undergraduate Projects

Transporting a bicycle after riding somewhere and then needing to be pickup can be problematic. Bicycles will not fit in most vehicles without removing components. There is also the risk of damaging the inside of the vehicle. Expecting everyone to have a bike rack for their vehicle is unrealistic because the bike rack could be considered unappealing visually, take up to much space in the trunk, or limit the vehicle owner’s access to the trunk. The solution to this problem is a bike rack that mounts onto your car and then mounts your bike onto the rack. Most people don’t …

Anisotropy Evolution Due To Surface Treatment On 3d-Printed Fused Deposition Modeling (Fdm) Of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (Abs), Blake E. Lozinski

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Purpose: This paper will present insight to the methodology and results of the experimental characterization of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The work in this research explored the effects of print orientation, surface treatment, and ultraviolet (UV) light degradation with the utilization of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) on ABS tensile specimens.

Design/methodology: ABS specimens were printed at three build orientations (flat (0 degrees), 45 degrees, and up-right (90 degrees)). Each of these specimens were treated with three different surface treatments including a control (acrylic paint, Cyanoacrylate, and Diglycidyl Bisphenol A) followed by exposure to UV light …

Self-Sensing Cementitious Materials, Alexander Nicholas Houk

Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering

The study of self-sensing cementitious materials is a constantly expanding topic of study in the materials and civil engineering fields and refers to the creation and utilization of cement-based materials (including cement paste, cement mortar, and concrete) that are capable of sensing (i.e. measuring) stress and strain states without the use of embedded or attached sensors. With the inclusion of electrically conductive fillers, cementitious materials can become truly self-sensing. Previous researchers have provided only qualitative studies of self-sensing material stress-electrical response. The overall goal of this research was to modify and apply previously developed predictive models on cylinder compression test …

Mechanically Activated Magnesiothermic Combustion Synthesis Of Zirconium And Hafnium Diborides, Sergio Cordova

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generation of electric power has the potential to increase the thermal efficiency of fossil-fuel burning power plants. Electrode materials in MHD generators must possess a high melting point, high electrical and thermal conductivities, chemical stability, and resistance to thermal shock, oxidation, and plasma sparks/arcs. Ultra-high temperature ceramics based on diborides of zirconium and hafnium (ZrB2 and HfB2) are promising materials for this application. Self-propagating high-temperature synThesis (SHS) is an attractive method for their large-scale fabrication, but SHS of ZrB2 and HfB2 from elemental Zr, Hf, and B is not economically viable because of the high cost of the …

Comparison Of Extruder Systems For 3d Printer Filament Fabrication, Adriana Ramirez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has grown in popularity over the past thirty years, due to its versatility, short design to product cycle, and capability to fabricate complex geometries, which cannot otherwise be produced. There exist several platforms that are able to print objects composed of different materials, making this technology significant in different fields such as: automotive, aerospace, medical, electronics, amongst others. Though several types of AM technologies are available, the expiration of the patents on fused deposition modeling (FDM) in 2009 has led to a widespread use of this platform in academia and home use settings.

Widespread use of FDM-type …

Restrained Shrinkage Of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete And Analysis Of Long Term Shrinkage Prediction Models, Md R. Islam, Mahbub K. Ahmed, Hosney Ara Begum, Erez N. Allouche

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The research presented in this manuscript describes the procedure to quantify the restrained shrinkage of geopolymer concrete (GPC) using ring specimen. Massive concrete structures are susceptible to shrinkage and thermal cracking. This cracking can increase the concrete permeability and decrease the strength and design life. This test is comprised of evaluating geopolymer concrete of six different mix designs including different activator solution to fly ash ratio and subjected to both restrained and free shrinkage. Test results obtained from this experimental setup was plotted along with the available empirical equation to observe the shrinkage strain of GPC and a model was …

Control Of Pore Characteristics Of Porous Silicon Using Non-Toxic Electrochemical Etching For Photovoltaics And Supercapacitor Applications, Utpal Saha

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Porous silicon has exhibited lower reflectance and higher surface area than the pristine silicon. This property of porous silicon can be applied to photovoltaic (PV) application for more efficient silicon solar cells and for higher performance of supercapacitors. NH4Fl electrolytic etching solution has been used to fabricate porous silicon, but the control of pore morphology of silicon is achieved only by controlling the time. Therefore, it is urgently required to use other etching parameters such as voltage and current to achieve flexible control of pore properties. Porous silicon can also be used to fabricate supercapacitors. An established approach to make …

Development Of Highly Sensitive And Selective Breathing Sensors Using Molecular Imprinted Filtering For Diabetic And Alcoholic Patients, Md. Saleh Akram Bhuiyan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Wellness sensor technology is an emerging diagnostic test research field, which mostly deal with the point of care of the patients in the recent days. Due to the lack of awareness from the patients, most diseases cannot be detected in due time. This led to worse conditions, such as diabetic and alcoholic syndrome. Therefore, many research groups have been working to develop portable sensor devices that can track serious diseases. These include diabetic and alcoholic biomarkers in breathing. These devices have very high selectivity and reliability. However, the major limitation of biomarkers is that it deals with the bio-molecular based …