Signal Processing Commons^™

A Fast Algorithm For The Inversion Of Quasiseparable Vandermonde-Like Matrices, Sirani M. Perera, Grigory Bonik, Vadim Olshevsky

Publications

The results on Vandermonde-like matrices were introduced as a generalization of polynomial Vandermonde matrices, and the displacement structure of these matrices was used to derive an inversion formula. In this paper we first present a fast Gaussian elimination algorithm for the polynomial Vandermonde-like matrices. Later we use the said algorithm to derive fast inversion algorithms for quasiseparable, semiseparable and well-free Vandermonde-like matrices having O(n2) complexity. To do so we identify structures of displacement operators in terms of generators and the recurrence relations(2-term and 3-term) between the columns of the basis transformation matrices for quasiseparable, semiseparable and well-free polynomials. Finally we …

A Comparative Study Of Reservoir Computing For Temporal Signal Processing, Alireza Goudarzi, Peter Banda, Matthew R. Lakin, Christof Teuscher, Darko Stefanovic

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Reservoir computing (RC) is a novel approach to time series prediction using recurrent neural networks. In RC, an input signal perturbs the intrinsic dynamics of a medium called a reservoir. A readout layer is then trained to reconstruct a target output from the reservoir's state. The multitude of RC architectures and evaluation metrics poses a challenge to both practitioners and theorists who study the task-solving performance and computational power of RC. In addition, in contrast to traditional computation models, the reservoir is a dynamical system in which computation and memory are inseparable, and therefore hard to analyze. Here, we compare …

Mobile Indoor Positioning For Augmented Reality Systems, Robert B. Glass

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the creation and setup of a prototype that allows users of the device to interact within an indoor real world environment and a virtual environment simultaneously using high-tech common technology. The prototype is comprised of a small mobile device such as a cellular mobile phone, Raspberry Pi computer, a battery powered handheld Pico projector, and software developed for the Android OS. The software can easily be ported to other mobile and non-mobile operating systems. The mobile device must contain accelerometer, magnetometer, and gyroscope embedded sensors as well as 802.11 wireless network chip. The prototype software implements an …

Generator Polynomial Formulation For Parallel Counters With Applications, Lee A. Belfore Ii

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Parallel counters have been studied for several decades as a component in high speed multipliers and multi-operand adder circuits. Using a generator polynomial as a formalism for describing parallel counters in the general case, parallel counter properties can be derived and inferred. Furthermore, the structure and decomposition of the generator polynomial can suggest different implementation strategies. These include simple implementations of (7,3) and (15,4) parallel counters. By grouping factors, the design of a fast (7,3) parallel counter is presented. Finally, the generator polynomial is extended to permit factors of different weights. This extension provides a means for describing the design …

Enhancing Ground Based Telescope Performance With Image Processing, John C. Zingarelli

Theses and Dissertations

The Space Surveillance Telescope (SST) is a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) program designed to detect objects in space like Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) and space debris in the Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) belt. Binary hypothesis tests (BHTs) have historically been used to facilitate the detection of new objects in space. In this dissertation, a multi-hypothesis test (MHT) detection strategy is introduced to improve the detection performance of the SST. In this context, the MHT determines if an unresolvable point source is in the center, corner or side of a pixel in contrast to a BHT, which only tests …

Sweet (Small Wind Energy Estimation Tool), Thomas Woolmington, Keith Sunderland

Other resources

Description:

Generic Wind Energy Estimation Model incorporating Turbulence Intensity.

Requirements:

Manufacturer specific wind turbine characteristic

Mean wind speed at a specific height

Site conditions in terms of TI and Surface Roughness

Disclaimer:

This model has been designed as an estimation tool for estimating the wind power yield of a custom turbine for an idealised set of site conditions for a given year.

While the assumptions that are made in this estimation tool are mathematically plausible they should not in any way be interpreted as an alternative to a real world site assessment.

A list of assumptions to which the model …

Improving Multiple Surface Range Estimation Of A 3-Dimensional Flash Ladar In The Presence Of Atmospheric Turbulence, Brian J. Neff

Theses and Dissertations

Laser Radar sensors can be designed to provide two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3-D) images of a scene from a single laser pulse. Currently, there are various data recording and presentation techniques being developed for 3-D sensors. While the technology is still being proven, many applications are being explored and suggested. As technological advancements are coupled with enhanced signal processing algorithms, it is possible that this technology will present exciting new military capabilities for sensor users. The goal of this work is to develop an algorithm to enhance the utility of 3-D Laser Radar sensors through accurate ranging to multiple surfaces per …

Modeling And Architectural Simulations Of The Statistical Static Timing Analysis Of The Variation Sources For Vlsi Circuits, Abu M. Baker

College of Engineering: Graduate Celebration Programs

As CMOS technology scales down, process variation introduces significant uncertainty in power and performance to VLSI circuits and significantly affects their reliability. Although Static-Timing Analysis (STA) remains an excellent tool, current trends in process scaling have imposed significant difficulties to STA. As one of the promising solutions, Statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) has become the frontier research topic in recent years in combating such variation effects. This poster will be focusing on two aspects of SSTA and its applications in VLSI designs: (1) Statistical timing modeling and analysis; and (2) Architectural implementations of the atomic operations (max and add) using …

Impact Of Primary User Activity On The Performance Of Energy-Based Spectrum Sensing In Cognitive Radio Systems, Sara L. Macdonald

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Increasing numbers of wireless devices and mobile data requirements have led to a spectrum shortage. However spectrum utilization percentages are often low due to the current static spectrum allocation process where primary users (PUs) are given exclusive use to spectrum. Several mechanisms to increase spectrum utilization have been proposed including opportunistic spectrum access (OSA). Cognitive Radio (CR) is an emerging concept in wireless communication systems that aims to enable OSA in licensed frequencies by secondary users (SUs). CR systems are expected to sense the spectrum in order to determine if the PU is transmitting. Therefore OSA performance relies on the …

Discrimination Between Child And Adult Forms Using Radar Frequency Signature Analysis, Stephanie R. Keith

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis we develop a method to discriminate between adult and child radar signatures. In particular, we examine radar data measured from behind a wall, which introduces radar signal attenuation and multipath effects. To investigate the child/adult discrimination problem in a through-wall, multipath scenario, a previously developed free-space human scattering model was expanded to incorporate multiple paths, and the effects of transmission through, and reflections from, walls and ground. The ground was modeled as a perfectly reflecting surface, while the walls were modeled as homogeneous concrete slabs. Twenty-five reflection paths were identified, involving the direct paths, as well as …

Development And Characterization Of A Chromotomosynthetic Hyperspectral Imaging System, Randall L. Bostick

Theses and Dissertations

A chromotomosynthetic imaging (CTI) methodology based upon mathematical reconstruction of a set of 2-D spectral projections to collect high-speed (100 Hz) 3-D hyperspectral data cube has been proposed. The CTI system can simultaneously provide usable 3-D spatial and spectral information, provide high-frame rate slitless 1-D spectra, and generate 2-D imagery equivalent to that collected with no prism in the optical system. The wavelength region where prism dispersion is highest (500 nm) is most sensitive to loss of spectral resolution in the presence of systematic error, while wavelengths 600 nm suffer mostly from a shift of the spectral peaks. The quality …

Passive Ranging Using A Dispersive Spectrometer And Optical Filters, Jacob A. Martin

Theses and Dissertations

Monocular passive ranging using atmospheric oxygen absorption has been demonstrated in the past using an FTS. These instruments are very sensitive to vibration making them di cult to use on an airborne platform. This work focuses on whether passive ranging can be done with instruments that are easier to deploy. Two potential instruments are tested and compared: a diffraction grating spectrometer and optical filters. A grating spectrometer was able to estimate range to within 5% for a static solid rocket motor ring at a distance of 910 m using the NIR absorption band of oxygen. Testing at shorter ranges produced …

Influence Of The Listening Context On The Perceived Realism Of Binaural Recordings, Davide Andrea Mauro, Francesco Vitale

Computer Sciences and Electrical Engineering Faculty Research

Binaural recordings and audio are becoming an interesting resource for composers, live performances and augmented reality. This paper focuses on the acceptance and the perceived quality by the audience of such spatial recordings. We present the results of a preliminary study of psychoacoustic perception where N=26 listeners had to report on the realism and the quality of different couples of sounds taken from two different rooms with peculiar reverb. Sounds are recorded with a self-made dummy head. The stimuli are grouped into classes with respects to some characteristics highlighted as potentially important for the task. Listening condition is fixed with …

Implementation Of Branch-Point-Tolerant Wavefront Reconstructor For Strong Turbulence Compensation, Michael J. Steinbock

Theses and Dissertations

Branch points arise in optical transmissions due to strong atmospheric turbulence, long propagation paths, or a combination of both. Unfortunately, these conditions are very often present in desired operational scenarios for laser weapon systems, optical communication, and covert imaging, which suffer greatly when traditional adaptive optics systems either cannot sense branch points or implement non-optimal methods for sensing and correcting branch points. Previous research by Pellizzari presented a thorough analysis of various novel branch point tolerant reconstructors in the absence of noise. In this research a realistic model of the Air Force Institute of Technology's adaptive optics system is developed …

The Interacting Multiple Models Algorithm With State-Dependent Value Assignment, Rastin Rastgoufard

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

The value of a state is a measure of its worth, so that, for example, waypoints have high value and regions inside of obstacles have very small value. We propose two methods of incorporating world information as state-dependent modifications to the interacting multiple models (IMM) algorithm, and then we use a game's player-controlled trajectories as ground truths to compare the normal IMM algorithm to versions with our proposed modifications. The two methods involve modifying the model probabilities in the update step and modifying the transition probability matrix in the mixing step based on the assigned values of different target states. …

Converting Three-Component To Four-Component Image (2012), Ronald S. Cok, Michael E. Miller

AFIT Patents

A method of converting a three-or-more-color-component image input signal to an image output signal includes acquiring an input signal having a plurality of pixel signals, each pixel signal having three, or more, color components; determining a residual difference for each color component of each pixel signal; determining a limit value of the residual differences; calculating a common scale factor for each of the color components based upon the limit value; and applying the common scale factor to the image input signal to produce the image output signal.

Local Histograms For Per-Pixel Classification, Melody L. Massar

Theses and Dissertations

We introduce a rigorous mathematical theory for the analysis of local histograms, and study how they interact with textures that can be modeled as occlusions of simpler components. We first show how local histograms can be computed as a system of convolutions and discuss some basic local histogram properties. We then introduce a probabilistic, occlusion-based model for textures and formally demonstrate that local histogram transforms are natural tools for analyzing the textures produced by our model. Next, we characterize all nonlinear transforms which satisfy the three key properties of local histograms and consider the appropriateness of local histogram features in …

Hyperspectral-Based Adaptive Matched Filter Detector Error As A Function Of Atmospheric Profile Estimation, Allan W. Yarbrough

Theses and Dissertations

Hyperspectral imagery is collected as radiance data. This data is a function of multiple variables: the radiation profile of the light source, the reflectance of the target, and the absorption and scattering profile of the medium through which the radiation travels as it reflects off the target and reaches the imager. Accurate target detection requires that the collected image matches as closely as possible the known "true" target in the classification database. Therefore, the effect of the radiation source and the atmosphere must be removed before detection is attempted. While the spectrum of solar light is relatively stable, the effect …

Miniature Mass Spectrometry: Rf Amplitude Control System Design, Matthew Allen Kirleis

Purdue Polytechnic Masters Theses

This thesis covers the methods used to construct and characterize a custom digital RF amplitude control system. Many types of mass spectrometers exist, but few have been miniaturized as much as the Mini instruments developed at Purdue University. The goal of this research was to improve upon an earlier amplitude control system consisting of analog circuits first implemented in the Mini 11.5 mass spectrometer developed at Purdue University.

A custom set of control and data acquisition electronics were developed for testing the digital and analog control systems in a Mini 11.5 mass spectrometer chassis. A MATLAB Simulink simulation was done …

Super-Resolution For Imagery From Integrated Microgrid Polarimeters, Russell C. Hardie, Daniel A. Lemaster, Bradley M. Ratliff

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Imagery from microgrid polarimeters is obtained by using a mosaic of pixel-wise micropolarizers on a focal plane array (FPA). Each distinct polarization image is obtained by subsampling the full FPA image. Thus, the effective pixel pitch for each polarization channel is increased and the sampling frequency is decreased. As a result, aliasing artifacts from such undersampling can corrupt the true polarization content of the scene. Here we present the first multi-channel multi-frame super-resolution (SR) algorithms designed specifically for the problem of image restoration in microgrid polarization imagers. These SR algorithms can be used to address aliasing and other degradations, without …

Development Of A Cubesat Instrument For Microgravity Particle Damper Performance Analysis, John Trevor Abel

Master's Theses

Spacecraft pointing accuracy and structural longevity requirements often necessitate auxiliary vibration dissipation mechanisms.  However, temperature sensitivity and material degradation limit the effectiveness of traditional damping techniques in space.  Robust particle damping technology offers a potential solution, driving the need for microgravity characterization.   A 1U cubesat satellite presents a low cost, low risk platform for the acquisition of data needed for this evaluation, but severely restricts available mass, volume, power and bandwidth resources.  This paper details the development of an instrument subject to these constraints that is capable of capturing high resolution frequency response measurements of highly nonlinear particle damper dynamics.

Solving The Vehicle Re-Identification Problem By Using Neural Networks, Tanweer Rashid

Computational Modeling & Simulation Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Vehicle re-identification is the process by which vehicle attributes measured at one point on a road network are compared to vehicle attributes measured at another point in an effort to match vehicles without using any unique identifiers such as license plate numbers. A match is made if the two measurements are estimated to belong to the same vehicle. Vehicle attributes can be sensor readings such as loop induction signatures, or they can also be actual vehicle characteristics such as length, weight, number of axles, etc. This research makes use of vehicle length, travel time, axle spacing and axle weights for …

Determining The Index Of Refraction Of An Unknown Object Using Passive Polarimetric Imagery Degraded By Atmospheric Turbulence, Milo W. Hyde Iv

Theses and Dissertations

In this research, an algorithm is developed to estimate the index of refraction of an unknown object using passive polarimetric images degraded by atmospheric turbulence. The algorithm uses a variant of the maximum-likelihood blind-deconvolution algorithm developed by LeMaster and Cain to recover the true object (i.e., the first Stokes parameter), the degree of linear polarization, and the polarimetric-image point spread functions. Nonlinear least squares is then used to find the value of the complex index of refraction which best fits the theoretical degree of linear polarization, derived using a polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function, to the turbulence-corrected degree of linear …

Information Hiding Using Stochastic Diffusion For The Covert Transmission Of Encrypted Images, Jonathan Blackledge

Conference papers

A principal weakness of all encryption systems is that the output data can be `seen' to be encrypted. In other words, encrypted data provides a 'flag' on the potential value of the information that has been encrypted. In this paper, we provide a novel approach to `hiding' encrypted data in a digital image. We consider an approach in which a plaintext image is encrypted with a cipher using the processes of `stochastic diffusion' and the output quantized into a 1-bit array generating a binary image cipher-text. This output is then `embedded' in a host image which is undertaken either in …

A Locally Adaptable Iterative Rx Detector, Yuri P. Taitano, Brian G. Geier, Kenneth W. Bauer

Faculty Publications

We present an unsupervised anomaly detection method for hyperspectral imagery (HSI) based on data characteristics inherit in HSI. A locally adaptive technique of iteratively refining the well-known RX detector (LAIRX) is developed. The technique is motivated by the need for better first- and second-order statistic estimation via avoidance of anomaly presence. Overall, experiments show favorable Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves when compared to a global anomaly detector based upon the Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) algorithm, the conventional RX detector, and decomposed versions of the LAIRX detector. Furthermore, the utilization of parallel and distributed processing allows fast processing time making …

An Investigation Of Wavelets, Wendy Bergh

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

Measuring Variations Of Mimicry By Means Of Prosodic Cues In Task-Based Scenarios And Conversational Speech, Brian Vaughan, Celine De Looze

Other resources

Here, we address the measurement of mimicry, that is when speakers’ speech variations look like parallel patterns.

As a definition of mimicry, we often read in the literature description such as mimicry is “The situation where the observed behaviours of two inter-actants although dissimilar at the start of the interaction are moving towards behavioral matching”. These types of descriptions imply that mimicry is a linear phenomenon and that speakers tend to imitate over time. However, it can be assumed, especially when studying spontaneous speech, that there are rather phases of mimicry and non-mimicry and that mimicry should be rather …

Effects Of Channel Mismatches On Beamforming And Signal Detection, Christopher I. Allen

Theses and Dissertations

Tuner gain measurements of a multichannel receiver are reported. A linear regression model is used to characterize the gain, as a function of channel number, tuner set-on frequency, and intermediate frequency. Residual errors of this model are characterized by a t distribution. Very strong autocorrelation of tuner gain at various frequencies is noted. Tuner performance from one channel to the next is diverse; several defects at specific frequencies are noted. The Wilcoxon signed rank test is used to test normality of tuner gain among devices; normality is rejected. Antenna directivity and phase pattern measurements are also reported. An antenna element …

Digital Delay Device, Guna Seetharaman, Paul E. Kladitis

AFIT Patents

A digitally controlled optical delay apparatus providing optical signal delays electrically selectable in the picosecond to nanosecond range by way of selectable signal path lengths. Path lengths are incremented in physical length and path delay time according to digital ratios. The delay element includes micro-miniature path changing mirrors controlled in path length selecting positioning by input signals of logic level magnitude. Fiber optic coupling of signals to and from the delay element and a combination of fixed position and movable mirror included optical signal path lengths are included.

Reverberation-Chamber Test Environment For Outdoor Urban Wireless Propagation Studies, Helge Fielitz, Kate A. Remley, Christopher L. Holloway, Qian Zhang, Qiong Wu, David W. Matolak

Faculty Publications

We introduce a test environment to replicate the well-known clustering of reflections in power delay profiles arising from late-time delays and reflections. Urban wireless propagation environments are known to exhibit such clustering. The test setup combines discrete reflections generated by a fading simulator with the continuous distribution of reflections created in a reverberation chamber. We describe measurements made in an urban environment in Denver, CO, that illustrate these multiple distributions of reflections. Our comparison of measurements made in the urban environment to those made in the new test environment shows good agreement.