Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons^™

Cochlear Implant Wireless Power Transfer System Design For High Efficiency And Link Gain Stability Using A Proposed Stagger Tuning Method, Seokwoo Hong, Seungtaek Jeong, Seongsoo Lee, Boogyo Sim, Hongseok Kim, Hoseung Lee, Woojin Ahn, Jonghyeok Park, Seunghoom Lee, Joungho Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In recent years, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is becoming an increasingly important part of the various applications because of its safety. Especially, medical implant devices such as a cochlear implant are one of the typical applications of the WPT technology. Because of the individual body differences, however, the coupling coefficient of the WPT system can be changed. Therefore, the coupling coefficient-insensitivity is very important design issue. In this paper, we propose a stagger tuning method of a cochlear implant WPT system. The proposed method makes the cochlear implant WPT system stable at the link gain regardless of the coupling …

A 60 Ghz Pcb Wideband Antenna-In-Package For 5g/6g Applications, Lidong Chi, Zibin Weng, Yihong Qi, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A low-cost, wideband printed circuit boards (PCBs) manufactured antenna is proposed in this letter for 5G/6G antenna-in-package (AiP) applications with wideband common-mode current (surface-wave) choking characteristics. The antenna is based on a grounded, wideband, high-efficiency electromagnetic structure (WHEMS) and a backing cavity, in which a radiating choke is introduced. By changing the choking condition of a quarter-wavelength, widely applied in traditional low-frequency baluns, wideband common-mode current suppression is achieved. The enclosing wall of the backing cavity is realized by a combination of isolated grounded vias and connected grounded vias based on current polarization on the wall. Finally, a 22% impedance …

Systematic Power Integrity Analysis Based On Inductance Decomposition In A Multi-Layered Pcb Pdn, Biyao Zhao, Siqi Bai, Samuel Connor, Stephen Scearce, Matteo Cocchini, Brice Achkir, Albert E. Ruehli, Bruce Archambeault, Jun Fan, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An approach is presented for power integrity analysis on multi-layer printed circuit boards in this paper. Two critical current paths are analyzed. Inductance decomposition is applied to identify the critical parameters that can influence the PDN input impedance. Two types of stack-ups are used to perform sensitivity analysis to illustrate the effectiveness of PDN design guidelines. Based on the analysis of the inductance contribution from different blocks in the PCB PDN, a systematic approach to obtain a complete understanding of PDN behavior is proposed. The approach can be used to provide design guidance in PDN design practice.

Calibration Loop Antenna For Multiple Probe Antenna Measurement System, Yuming Zheng, Zibin Weng, Yihong Qi, Jun Fan, Fuhai Li, Zhiping Yang, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In order to achieve high accuracy in measurements of the multiple probe antenna measurement system (MPAMS), an omnidirectional calibration antenna with a small gain variation in the horizontal polarization (named calibration loop antenna, in convention) is required. This article presents such an antenna design. The proposed calibration loop antenna consists of four arc-folded dipoles with dimensions of 52 mm x52 mm x 1 mm, balun structures for suppressing common mode current, and four parasitic strips for impedance matching on each of the top and bottom planes. The experimental results show that the proposed calibration loop antenna has a small gain …

Total Isotropic Sensitivity Measurement In Switched Beam Antenna Systems, Jun Li, Yihong Qi, Wei Yu, Fuhai Li, Jun Fan, Zhiping Yang, Songping Wu, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Smart antenna systems (SAS) play an important role in wireless communication systems, especially in rapidly developing fifth generation (5G) systems. In normal device under test (DUT) applications with SAS, the antenna's state may change in different external environments in order to obtain higher antenna gains and better connection with the base station, resulting in high uncertainties for over-the-air (OTA) tests using conventional methods. Before evaluating the transceiver performance, additional application programs are necessary to control the DUT, which increases the inconvenience for engineers and makes it impossible to reflect the real usage scenario. This article proposes a new convenient method …

Physics-Based Circuit Modeling Methodology For System Power Integrity Analysis And Design, Biyao Zhao, Siqi Bai, Samuel Connor, Wiren Dale Becker, Matteo Cocchini, Jonghyun Cho, Albert E. Ruehli, Bruce Archambeault, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A physics-based circuit modeling methodology for system-level power integrity (PI) analysis and design is presented herein. The modeling methodology is based on representing the current paths in the power distribution network (PDN) with appropriate circuits based on cavity model and plane-pair partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC). The PDN input impedance looking from on-chip sources can be computed. A commercial simulation tool is used to corroborate the modeling approach where the system consists of a commercial integrated circuit, a complex organic package and a very high-layer-count printed circuit board. Two types of circuit models are proposed from the methodology with physical …

Predicting The Conducted Emission Of A Crm Pfc Below 1mhz By Transient Modeling, Hongseok Kim, Jiayi He, Chunyu Wu, Nicholas Erickson, Sangho Cho, Dohyung Kim, Yeong Hur, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Power Factor Corrections (PFC) are widely used in ac to dc power supplies. Modeling the PFC circuits and predicting the conducted emission (CE) are important in power supply designs. This paper introduces a transient model of a critical conduction mode (CRM) power factor correction. The control circuit of the PFC is built to achieve a CRM working condition with a constant on-time switching. The simulated time domain noise waveform is converted to the conducted EMI in frequency domain via short-time fast Fourier transform (STFFT). The simulated conducted EMI is compared to measured results below 1MHz.

Electric Parameter Tuning Of Wireless Power Transfer Coil For Charging Interoperability Of Electric Vehicles, Dongwook Kim, Seungyoung Ahn, Qiusen He, Anfeng Huang, Jun Fan, Hongseok Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The SAE J2954 recommended practice (RP) contains the power transfer frequency, electric values, and test procedure for the electric vehicle (EV) wireless power transfer (WPT). In particular, this document expresses the inductance range of the powering coil, the power receiving coil and the coupling coefficient (k) and the impedance values. It is very important that adhering the electrical parameters in the standard considering that the wireless charging system's compatibility. However, once the coil is processed, it is not easy to adjust the inductance of each powering coil, power receiving coil as well as the coupling coefficient of between transmitting coil …

The Effect Of The Parallel-Plate Mode On Striplines In Inhomogeneous Dielectric Media, Jiayi He, Shaohui Yong, Zurab Kiguradze, Arun Chada, Bhyrav Mutnury, James Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Strip lines are widely used in high speed printed circuit boards (PCB). When the strip line is in inhomogeneous dielectric media, its principal operation mode is quasi-TEM. In this case, the parallel-plate mode between two ground planes can be excited as a parasitic mode. This paper investigates the effect of this parasitic mode on strip lines through simulations. The simulated S-parameters of strip lines when this parallel-plate mode is excited and suppressed are compared. The measured S-parameters of strip lines with and without the ground stitching vias are also compared. The impact of the parasitic mode on time domain crosstalk …

Low Emf Design Of Cochlear Implant Wireless Power Transfer System Using A Shielding Coil, Seokwoo Hong, Seungtaek Jeong, Seongsoo Lee, Boogyo Sim, Hongseok Kim, Joungho Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is widely used for various applications because of convenience and safety. Especially, medical implant devices such as a cochlear implant are one of the typical applications of the WPT technology. However, WPT systems have problems with electromagnetic field (EMF) leakage, which can cause electro-magnetic interference (EMI) issues in the human body. In this paper, we propose an additional shielding coil for the effective suppression of EMF radiation of a WPT system. The proposed method reduces the EMF leakage in operating frequency range. We verified that the proposed shielding coil reduced the EMF leakage by 5.1 …

An Enhanced Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm For Decoupling Capacitor Selection In Power Distribution Network Design, Ling Zhang, Wenchang Huang, Jack Juang, Hank Lin, Bin Chyi Tseng, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The selection of decoupling capacitors (decap) is a critical but tedious process in power distribution network (PDN) design. In this paper, an improved decap-selection algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL), which seeks the minimum number of decaps through a self-exploration training to satisfy a given target impedance, is presented. Compared with the previous relevant work: the calculation speed of PDN impedance is significantly increased by adopting an impedance matrix reduction method; also, the enhanced algorithm performs a better convergence by utilizing the techniques of double Q-learning and prioritized experience replay; furthermore, a well-designed reward is proposed to facilitate long-term …

High-Speed Channel Equalization Applying Parallel Bayesian Machine Learning, Zurab Kiguradze, Nana Dikhaminjia, Mikheil Tsiklauri, Jiayi He, Bhyrav Mutnury, Arun Chada, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Recovering attenuated signals caused by different issues including connections between connectors and chips of the devices, channel loss, and crosstalk is a challenging problem. Equalization is the most popular way to restore distorted signals. Different optimization algorithms are used to find the best tap coefficients for each equalization that improves eye opening and decreases the bit error rate (BER). Nowadays algorithms of equalization mainly operate to reduce the difference between input and output signals. In turn, this will increase eye height indirectly, but direct maximization of the eye height will restore the signal even better. The paper proposes a new …

Decoupling Capacitor Power Ground Via Layout Analysis For Multi-Layered Pcb Pdns, Biyao Zhao, Shuang Liang, Samuel Connor, Matteo Cocchini, Brice Achkir, Albert E. Ruehli, Bruce Archambeault, Jun Fan, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A modeling methodology to calculate the decoupling capacitor interconnect inductance in a multi-layer PCB is proposed herein. The methodology is based on the resonant cavity model of parallel planes. The self-inductance and mutual inductance are extracted to understand the via configuration influence on the effectiveness of decoupling capacitors. A special layout of decoupling capacitor is proposed to increase the effectiveness of the decoupling capacitors by taking maximum advantage of the mutual inductance between interconnect vias with two decoupling capacitors placed in a pair, and two pairs of power and ground vias placed in alternating directions as close as possible. The …

Rugged Linear Array For Iot Applications, Lidong Chi, Zi Bin Weng, Shu Meng, Yihong Qi, Jun Fan, Weihua Zhuang, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this article, a rugged linear array is proposed for covering both the LTE and 5G bands with an intermediate gain. The antenna is composed of a driven element, a set of directors, and a set of reflectors, where the excited element is a wideband high-efficiency electromagnetic structure (WHEMS) and the parasitic elements consist of metal rods. To achieve a rugged design, similar to the classic Yagi antenna, all of the elements should be conductively connected, so that it can be welded. The weldable mechanism is started on the driven radiating element. In addition, a balun is introduced in the …

Short-Baseline High-Precision Dgps For Smart Snow Blower, Yunlong Luo, Zi Bin Weng, Yihong Qi, Lei Deng, Wei Yu, Fuhai Li, James L. Drewniak, Weihua Zhuang, Miao Miao, Jing Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

High-precision positioning is critical for many Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications; however, most existing approaches are too expensive to be used in commercial products. A highly accurate differential global positioning system (DGPS) has not been widely used because of the difficulty in solving integer ambiguities in the single-frequency carrier phase. Multipath interference and receiver noise are the main reasons for limiting the DGPS accuracy and efficiency in solving integer ambiguities. In this article, we propose a combination of anti-multipath antennas and high-performance GPS receivers to effectively mitigate impairments due to multipath propagation and receiver noise. Furthermore, by exploiting more data available from …

Serdes Channel Crosstalk Mitigation Methodology With Industrial Implementation Guidance, Junda Wang

Masters Theses

"With the increasing data rate of digital circuits, the differential crosstalk degrades the signal integrity performance in PCBs drastically. Usually, in the trace area, crosstalk can be isolated by stitching vias and adding shielding ground vias can also shield coupling in the ball gate array (BGA) and pin field area. The traditional way to mitigation crosstalk in the BGA and pin field area through adding more ground vias between signal pairs or increasing the spacing in between, it demonstrated us the efficiency on crosstalk cancellation efficiency but it also increases the size of products and it would be contradictory to …

An Emi Characterization And Modeling Study For Consumer Electronics And Integrated Circuits, Chunyu Wu

Doctoral Dissertations

“As internet-of-things (IoT) applications surge, wireless connectivity becomes an essential part of the network. Smart home, one of the most promising application scenarios of IoT, will improve our life quality enormously. However, electromagnetic interference (EMI) to the receiving antenna, either from another electronic product or from a module/an integrated circuit(IC) inside the same wireless device, will degrade the performance of wireless connectivity, thus influencing the user experience. Characterization and modeling of the EMI become increasingly important.

In the first part, an improved method to extract equivalent dipoles from magnitude- only electromagnetic-field data based on the genetic algorithm and back-and-forth iteration …

Multi-Physics-Based Approach To Active Microwave Thermography, Seyed Ali Mirala

Doctoral Dissertations

“The goal of this work is to advance a novel nondestructive testing (NDT) method for controlled, rapid, and effective inspection of a structure through the integration of microwave NDT and thermography, referred to as Active Microwave Thermography (AMT). In AMT, the structure under test is exposed to microwave radiation and the thermal profile of the structure is monitored via a thermal camera in order to obtain desired information regarding the structure. This new technique is applicable across a wide range of NDT needs including detection of voids, delamination, water ingress, debonding, and cracks in numerous structures such as carbon fiber …

System Efficient Esd Design Concept For Soft Failures, Giorgi Maghlakelidze

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research covers the topic of developing a systematic methodology of studying electrostatic discharge (ESD)-induced soft failures. ESD-induced soft failures (SF) are non-destructive disruptions of the functionality of an electronic system. The soft failure robustness of a USB3 Gen 1 interface is investigated, modeled, and improved. The injection is performed directly using transmission line pulser (TLP) with varying: pulse width, amplitude, polarity. Characterization provides data for failure thresholds and a SPICE circuit model that describes the transient voltage and current at the victim. Using the injected current, the likelihood of a SF is predicted. ESD protection by transient voltage suppressor …

Sparsity Constrained Regression For High-Speed Signal Integrity Modeling, Jiacheng Zhuo, Jiayi He, Zurab Kiguradze, Bhyrav Mutnury, James Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

High-speed signal integrity (SI) modeling usually involves modeling non-linear subsystems. Traditional approaches like response surface modeling (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) suffer from two major issues. Either they don't scale well when the number of dimensions or variables increase in the non-linear model, or they are sensitive to the initial training data used to create the models. For example: RSM approach requires large design of experiments (DoE) when the number of variables increase. With ANN, the designer has to spend a lot of time tuning or optimizing the hyperparameters. In this paper, a new approach …

Bayesian Optimization For High-Speed Channel Equalization, Zurab Kiguradze, Nana Dikhaminjia, Mikheil Tsiklauri, Jiayi He, Bhyrav Mutnury, Arun Chada, James Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Equalization methods are used to recover the signal attenuated by channel loss. Different optimization algorithms are applied to find the best tap coefficients for each equalization that will improve eye opening and reduce bit error rate. The goal function for most equalization optimization algorithms is to reduce the difference between input and output signals, which is a linear optimization problem and can be solved relatively easily. This indirectly will increase eye height and improve eye diagram. Directly optimizing eye height is a non-linear problem and cannot be solved with analytical method. We are proposing FFE and DFE combined equalization optimization …

Discontinuous Galerkin Vs. Ie Method For Electromagnetic Scattering From Composite Metallic And Dielectric Structures, Y.-Y. Zhu, Q.-M. Cai, R. Zhang, X. Cao, Y.-W. Zhao, B. Gao, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, an efficient volume surface integral equation (VSIE) method with nonconformal discretization is developed for the analysis of electromagnetic scattering from composite metallic and dielectric (CMD) structures. This VSIE scheme utilizes curved tetrahedral (triangular) elements for volume (surface) modeling and the associated CRWG (CSWG) basis functions for volume current (surface) current modeling. Further, a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) volume integral equation (VIE) method and a DG surface integral equation (SIE) approach are adopted for dielectric and metallic parts, respectively, which allow both conformal and nonconformal volume/surface discretization improving meshing flexibility considerably. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the accuracy, …

Modeling Land Subsidence Using Insar And Airborne Electromagnetic Data, Ryan G. Smith, R. Knight

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Land subsidence as a result of groundwater overpumping in the San Joaquin Valley, California, is associated with the loss of groundwater storage and aquifer contamination. Although the physical processes governing land subsidence are well understood, building predictive models of subsidence is challenging because so much subsurface information is required to do so accurately. For the first time, we integrate airborne electromagnetic data, representing the subsurface, with subsidence data, mapped by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), to model deformation. By combining both data sets, we are able to solve for hydrologic and geophysical properties of the subsurface to effectively model the …

Microwave Detection Of Surface Breaking Cracks In Metallic Structures Under Heavy Corrosion And Paint, John Robert Gallion

Masters Theses

"We live in the world of "aging infrastructures". In this environment, critical and heavily utilized infrastructure, i.e. ships, planes, bridges, etc., are operating at or beyond their designed age. Replacement is no longer an option and "retirement for cause" is the current approach to maintenance and replacement. Consequently, there is an ever-increasing demand for efficient and robust nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods that can determine the physical health of these structures. Large structures, which are primarily made of metals, either steel or aluminum, are susceptible to high-stress cracking and corrosion. Stress-induced cracks in heavily corroded steel, used in bridges, railroads, storage …

Passively-Coded Embedded Microwave Sensors For Materials Characterization And Structural Health Monitoring (Shm), Katelyn Rose Brinker

Masters Theses

"Monitoring and maintaining civil, space, and aerospace infrastructure is an ongoing critical problem facing our nation. As new complex materials and structures, such as multilayer composites and inflatable habitats, become ubiquitous, performing inspection of their structural integrity becomes even more challenging. Thus, novel nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are needed. Chipless RFID is a relatively new technology that has the potential to address these needs. Chipless RFID tags have the advantage of being wireless and passive, meaning that they do not require a power source or an electronic chip. They can also be used in a variety of sensing applications including …

2x-Thru, 1x-Reflection, And Thru-Line De-Embedding: Theory, Sensitivity Analysis, And Error Corrections, Bichen Chen

Doctoral Dissertations

"Due to the simplicity of design and measurement, as well as the accuracy of results, the 2X-Thru de-embedding (2XTD), 1X-Reflection de-embedding (1XRD), and Thru-Line de-embedding (TLD) have been replaced the traditional de-embedding algorithms, such as TRL and SOLT. In this dissertation, theory of 2ⁿ-port 2XTD, 1XRD, and TLD are completely derived first. The self-error reduction schemes is introduced to mitigate the de-embedding errors due to non-ideal manufacturing effects of non-zero mode conversion terms, as well as the asymmetric, and manufacturing variations. The validations are performed on both theory and self-error reduction through simulation and measurements cases. The 2X-Thru …

Passive Harmonic Generation At Spring Contacts, Sen Yang

Doctoral Dissertations

"In the first paper, the RF passive harmonic generation phenomenon on the spring contact is studied. A spring contact harmonic generation measurement system is developed. The factors that may have an impact on the spring contact harmonic generation, such as contact material, contact force, and contact resistance are characterized by the measurement system. The gold-to-gold contact is found to be much superior to the stainless-steel contacts. It is also found that the passive nonlinearity at the spring contact is the semiconductor-like junction formed by the surface oxide film.

In the second paper, we show that the maximum E-field coupling occurs …

Non-Invasive Microwave And Millimeter Wave Reflectometry And Imaging For Human Skin Diagnosis And Materials Characterization, Yuan Gao

Doctoral Dissertations

"Microwave and millimeter wave reflectometry and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging techniques have been successfully applied in many applications, such as nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E), security inspection and medical diagnosis. In this dissertation, the feasibility of using microwave and millimeter reflectometry and SAR imaging for burn diagnosis is investigated through both simulations and measurements, with promising results. To correctly model the interaction between electromagnetic waves and skin, the proper knowledge of the complex permittivity of healthy skin is critically important. To this end, the common used measurement methods for in vivo skin complex permittivity are reviewed and analyzed in …

Modeling Land Subsidence Using Insar And Airborne Electromagnetic Data: Dataset, Ryan G. Smith, R. Knight

Research Data

Supporting dataset for article published in Water Resources Research, Volume 55, Issue 4, pages 2801-2819

Unified Probe Launch Pattern Design And Methodology Of Differential Probe Characterization, Han Deng

Masters Theses

"Differential probe is wildly used in the signal integrity area to do the accuracy signal measurement in frequency domain or time domain. Comparing with traditional SMA connector measurement, the probe measurement has several advantages such as the high flexibility and measurement efficiency. Nevertheless, the probe has some disadvantages such as multiple design patterns and the difficulty of fast landing. In this thesis, a unified probe landing pattern is provided to solve the con of probes and a probe testing fixture is designed for characterize probe and extract the probe model.

In the first portion, a unified differential probe launching pattern …