Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons^™

A Method For Measuring The Transfer Function Inside A Compact Metallic Enclosure Using A Slot Antenna, Xiangrui Su, Wenchang Huang, Junghee Cho, Joonki Paek, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Radio frequency desensitization issues comprise two components: noise radiation sources and the transfer function from noise sources to the victim antenna. For modern electronic products, noise sources are often located inside a compact metal enclosure, making it difficult to measure the transfer function using conventional methods. Moreover, opening the metallic enclosure would dramatically change the transfer function, and inserting a near-field probe into the enclosure is challenging and may not even be possible because of the limited space inside. In this article, a novel practical method for measuring the transfer function inside a compact metallic enclosure is proposed and experimentally …

Design Of Experiment Analysis On Multiple Pim Sources In An Rf Antenna System, Shengxuan Xia, Yuchu He, Haicheng Zhou, Hanfeng Wang, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Passive intermodulation (PIM) has been identified as one of the common root causes for receiving sensitivity degradation (desense) on radiofrequency (RF) antennas working in frequency-division duplex mode. The component-level PIM characterization and simulation have been well-established over the years. However, the study has been using an ideal 50 Ω transmission line system while antenna modules are more complicated than a simple transmission line structure. Moreover, the metallic contacts can exist in multiple locations with different connection topologies in real applications. This paper provides a method to simulate the PIM performance caused by the metallic contacts in a practical environment. In …

Radiated Emission Modeling Of A Wireless Power Transfer System, Hanyu Zhang, Guanghua Li, Viswa Pilla, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A radiated emission (RE) model of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system is proposed in this paper to help designers predict, analyze, and mitigate the RE issues during the design process. The proposed model employs both full-wave simulation and circuit simulation to derive a transfer function. Subsequently, it predicts the emission level by combining the transfer function with the measured transmitter waveform through a straightforward calculation. The predicted emissions match the measured RE peaks well up to 300 MHz, with the error within 3 dB. The impact of functional parameters, such as load and coil gap distance, is analyzed based …

Design Of The Tm010 Mode Cylindrical Cavity Resonator For Pcb Dielectric Characterization, Reza Asadi, Chaofeng Li, Seyedmehdi Mousavi, Seyed Moastafa Mousavi, Reza Vahdani, Xiaoning Ye, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the study of the TM₀₁₀ mode cylindrical resonator, which can be used for printed circuit board (PCB) material properties extraction, e.g., the dielectric constant (Dk) and the loss tangent (Df) extraction. The theoretical formulas of the resonance frequency and Q-factor of the resonator are presented. In real measurement, the TM₀₁₀ mode cylindrical cavity resonator needs to be excited by the probe. The study emphasizes the impact of probe orientation, location, and field distribution on the accuracy of material property extraction. The relationship between cavity dimensions and resonance frequency is explored, highlighting the influence of cavity …

Novel Formulation For Generalization Of Mixed-Mode S-Parameters For Coupled Differential High-Speed Digital Channels, Manish K. Mathew, Kevin Cai, Chaofeng Li, Mehdi Mousavi, Shameem Ahmed, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

As the demand for higher data rates intensifies, achieving accurate S-parameter calculation becomes increasingly critical. The conventional single-ended to mixed-mode S-parameter conversion formulation assumes uncoupled structures, which may not be true for high-speed digital channels. This work introduces a novel, generalized formulation for mixed-mode S-parameters and their corresponding transformation matrices [M1] and [M2], enabling comprehensive analysis of multi-pair coupled differential traces. An intra-pair crosstalk analysis of a tightly coupled strip line and microstrip line verifies and highlights the difference between the proposed and old formulations. A loosely coupled case is analyzed as an additional validation of the proposed formulation. Finally, …

Behavior Model Of A Multiphase Voltage Regulator Module With Rapid Voltage Drop Protection, Junho Joo, Hanyu Zhang, Hanfeng Wang, Wei Shen, Zhigang Liang, Lihui Cao, Seungtaek Jeong, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, a modeling method of voltage regulator module (VRM) with rapid voltage drop protection is introduced. The proposed VRM model captures a pulse-width modulation scheme developed to counteract substantial load currents with high di/dt, resulting in a large voltage drop across the power delivery network (PDN). The equations to describe the non-linear behavior associated with the multiphase VRM behavior are proposed and successfully validated for both light and heavy loads, the latter being particularly crucial to trigger the voltage drop protection measures.

Modeling Of Power Distrubition Network (Pdn) Noise Coupling Induced Clock Phase Noise, Zhekun Peng, Junyong Park, Chaofeng Li, Joey Stecher, Srinivas Venkataraman, Xu Wang, Granthana Rangaswamy, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Phase noise analysis is important to clock design. Noise sources of spurs shown on the phase noise result are challenging to find out due to the unknown source locations and coupling mechanisms. Noise from power distribution network (PDN) is one of the most troublesome sources. A behavioral modeling methodology is proposed to simulate the clock phase noise induced by PDN noise coupling for two different mechanisms: PDN-to-clock additive coupling and PDN-to-PDN up-conversion modulation. The thermal noise and 1/f flicker noise are simplified to provide a straightforward view of spur level. The model can be applied to both single-ended clock and …

Cascading Of 2d And 3d Simulations Of Asic Substrate Interconnect Up To 100 Ghz, Zhekun Peng, Junyong Park, Sathvika Bandi, Santosh Pappu, Srinivas Venkataraman, Xu Wang, Granthana Ranzaswamy, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method of cascading 3D models and 2D models to model the full channel of ASIC package substrate interconnects is proposed, showing good match to full-wave results in S-parameter and TDR up to 100 GHz.

Impact Of Non-Functional Pads Location On Eye Diagram Performance, Mehdi Mousavi, Kevin Cai, Junyong Park, Chaofeng Li, Manish K. Mathew, Reza Asadi, Shameem Ahmed, Donghyun Kim, Bidyut Sen

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study shows that placing four NFPs in selective PCB layers significantly improves signal integrity, reducing minimum jitter from 18.28 ps to 12.81 ps and maximum jitter from 27.66 ps to 22.03 ps.

Suppression Of Power Distribution Network Pcb-Package Resonance For Low Target Impedance, Francesco De Paulis, Faye Squires, Yifan Ding, Matteo Cocchini, Matthew Doyle, Samuel Connor, Albert E. Ruehli, Chulsoon Hwang, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The suppression of the large resonance peak that may appear due to the equivalent parallel circuit between the package capacitance and PCB inductance is discussed. Such resonance may be amplified if the decoupling capacitors are not appropriately selected. The relevant parameters involved in the PDN design, and a feasible solution strategy are presented based on the identification of a simplified equivalent circuit that is able to replicate the resonant behavior. The optimization of the relevant parameters of such circuit are able to suggest the best strategy for identifying the decoupling capacitors with appropriate values of parasitic inductance and resistance.

Electromagnetic Transmit Array With Optical Control For Beamforming, Wei Zhang, Javad Meiguni, Yin Sun, Muqi Ouyang, Xin Yan, Xu Wang, Reza Yazdani, Daryl G. Beetner, Donghyun Kim, David Pommerenke

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Proof-Of-Concept Paper Demonstrates the Feasibility of using a Slide Projector to Steer the Beam of a Transmit Array by Adding Solar Cells and Varactor Diodes to Each Unit Cell. by Irradiating Each Solar Cell with the Light of Different Intensities from a Slide Projector, the Measured Phase of the Wave Transmitted by the 4x4 Transmit Array Shifts within 92° at 4.26 GHz, While the Variation in Magnitude is Measured within 4 DB. Different Light Configurations Are Identified Via a Searching Algorithm to Achieve Peak/null Beamforming in a Particular Direction. the Beam of the Prototypical 4x4 Transmit Array Can Be …

Methodology For Analyzing Coupling Mechanisms In Rfi Problems Based On Peec, Xu Wang, Anfeng Huang, Wei Zhang, Reza Yazdani, Donghyun Kim, Takashi Enomoto, Taketoshi Sekine, Kenji Araki, Jun Fan, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In This Article, a Method for Analyzing Coupling Mechanisms in Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Problems is Proposed. the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) Method is First Used to Derive the Retarded Inductances and Capacitances between Different Mesh Cells. with the Introduction of a Novel Partitioning Algorithm, the Capacitive Coupling and Inductive Coupling between Arbitrary Layout Parts Can Be Quantified based on the Magnitude of the Displacement Current and Induced Voltage Drop. the Accuracy of the PEEC Models is Validated by Comparison with Different Commercial Tools. the Proposed Coupling Mechanism Analysis Flow Provides a Useful Prelayout Tool for RFI Risk Analysis.

Polarization-Sensitive Optical Responses From Natural Layered Hydrated Sodium Sulfosalt Gerstleyite, Ravi P. N. Tripathi, Xiaodong Yang, Jie Gao

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multi-element layered materials have gained substantial attention in the context of achieving the customized light-matter interactions at subwavelength scale via stoichiometric engineering, which is crucial for the realization of miniaturized polarization-sensitive optoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. Herein, naturally occurring hydrated sodium sulfosalt gerstleyite is introduced as one new multi-element van der Waals (vdW) layered material. The mechanically exfoliated thin gerstleyite flakes are demonstrated to exhibit polarization-sensitive anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical responses including angle-resolved Raman scattering, anomalous wavelength-dependent linear dichroism transition, birefringence effect, and polarization-dependent third-harmonic generation (THG). Furthermore, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of gerstleyite crystal is estimated by the probed …

Characteristic Mode Analysis Prediction And Guidance Of Electromagnetic Coupling Measurements To A Uav Model, Mohamed Z. M. Hamdalla, Benjamin Bissen, James D. Hunter, Yuanzhuo Liu, Victor Khilkevich, Daryl G. Beetner, Anthony N. Caruso, Ahmed M. Hassan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this work, we study the current coupled to a simplified Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) model using a dual computational and experimental approach. The simplified surrogate structure reduced the computational burden and facilitated the experimental measurement of the coupled currents. For a practical system, a wide range of simulations and measurements must be performed to analyze the induced current variations with respect to properties of the incident excitation waveform, such as the frequency, angle of incidence, and polarization. To simplify this analysis, Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) was used to compute the eigen-currents of the UAV model and predict where and …

Numerical Investigations Of 2-D Magnetic Nozzles On Pulsed Plasma Plumes, Joshua Daniel Burch

Masters Theses

"This research presents studies of a novel type of magnetic nozzle that allows for three-dimensional (3-D) steering of a plasma plume. Numerical simulations were performed using Tech-X's USim® software to quantify the nozzle's capabilities. A2-D planar magnetic nozzle was applied to plumes of a nominal pulsed inductive plasma (PIP) source with discharge parameters similar to those of Missouri S&T's Missouri Plasmoid Experiment (MPX). Argon and xenon plumes were considered. Simulations were verified and validated through a mesh convergence study as well as comparison with available experimental data. Periodicity was achieved over the simulation run time and phase angle samples were …

Optimization And Modeling Of Esd Protection Devices, Li Shen

Masters Theses

“Transient voltage suppressors (TVS) are used to protect ICs (integrated circuits) against overvoltage, ESD (Electrostatic Discharge), inductive load switching, and even lightning strikes. In this research, a transient behavior model framework for ESD protection devices is used for modelling four different types of TVS (non-snapback, snapback, spark gap like device and varistor). The System-Efficient ESD Design (SEED) methodology is utilized to strengthen the trust in the model framework by efficient simulation of ESD interaction of the off-chip ESD protection devices with the IC ESD protection device and associated measurement data.

Improvements in the TVS transient response, accounting for conductivity modulation, …

Modeling Strategy For Emi Filter And Flyback Transformer, Ruijie He

Doctoral Dissertations

“The switch-mode power supply is key to miniaturizing power adapters. However, the switching nature of the circuit introduces issues in conducted emissions. In a flyback converter, the transformer serves as the path for common mode current flowing from the primary side to the secondary side. Different winding technologies have been invented and implemented to reduce the capacitance between the primary side and the secondary side. But the repeatability of the winding is still poor due to the fluctuations of the winding machine. Thus, the resulting conducted emission has a fluctuation that can lead to failure in the compliance tests. EMI …

Characterization And Modeling Of Esd Events, Risk And Protection, Jianchi Zhou

Doctoral Dissertations

“The ESD (Electrostatic discharge) failures have been raising critical reliability problems in electronic devices design. However, not all the ESD scenarios have been specified by the IEC standard and the characterizations of the ESD risk for different scenarios are essential to evaluate the ESD robustness of the devices in the real word.

The insulation of plastic enclosures provides protection against ESD to the electronic system inside. However, seams between plastic parts are often unavoidable. Different plastic arrangements are constructed to investigate the spark length and current derivatives and to understand the ESD spark behavior for geometries having spark lengths longer …

High-Frequency Modeling Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Internal Imbalances, Yuandong Guo, Muqi Ouyang, Zhifei Xu, Minho Kim, Junesang Lee, Jungrae Ha, Hyewon Lee, Sangwon Yun, Jun Fan, Hongseok Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, an accurate high-frequency modeling methodology for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in a vehicular electrical braking system is presented, which is suitable for analyzing various electromagnetic interference problems caused by a motor drive system. The proposed modeling approach is established according to the vector fitting technique and based on the S-parameter measurements of the PMSM. The equivalent circuit model of the PMSM converted from a measured S-parameter matrix can better describe the impedance characteristics of the three-phase PMSM under study compared to the existing equivalent circuit models because the imbalances inside the motor are taken into …

A Physics-Based Pi Pre-Layout Tool For Pcb Pdn Design, Shuang Liang

Masters Theses

"With increasingly stringent requirements for lower voltage supply, and higher density in PCB PDN design, now integrity (PI) is an increasingly important aspect that must be considered. A pre-layout tool based on the Cavity Model and Boundary Element Method is built to automatically achieve a specified target impedance for a multi-layered Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Power Distribution Network (PDN) design with a minimal number of decoupling capacitors.

The pre-work about the post-layout design and analysis is proposed and the guidelines for creating a decoupling capacitors network with better performance has been built. With limit inputs, physical limitations for the minimal …

Design And Evaluation Of The 3d Printed Electromagnetic Absorber Built With Conductive Carbon-Filled Filament, Rui Mi

Masters Theses

"This research presents an application of the resistive frequency selective surface (FSS) fabricated with a 3D printed conductive material as an electromagnetic absorber for the EMI-reducing door. This solution allows to reduce radiated emissions of a router system. The resistive frequency selective surface has a three-layer structure. The top layer is a 3D printed FSS pattern, the middle layer is an air gap, and the bottom layer is a metal plane.

The first paper presents the methodology for manufacturing a frequency selective surface using the 3D printing technology, including the material characterization, design, fabrication, and evaluation.

The unpublished content presents …

Seed Modeling Of An Esd Gun Discharge To A Usb Cable, Yang Xu

Masters Theses

“An IC protected by a transient voltage suppression (TVS) diode may fail if the TVS device does not turn on or does not turn on quickly enough, causing the IC to take the full brunt of the electrostatic discharge (ESD) event. Transient simulation models have been developed for ESD protection devices for the purpose of system-efficient ESD design (SEED). The TVS modeling methodology has been improved to better represent the physics that occurs during the TVS response and more accurately predict the interactions between off-chip and on-chip protection devices. Moreover, a complicated test scenario -- an ESD gun discharge through …

Theoretical Study Of Magnetic Particles In A Shear Flow Subjected To A Uniform Magnetic Field, Christopher A. Sobecki

Doctoral Dissertations

"Magnetic manipulation of non-spherical magnetic microparticles is important for applications in shape-based and magnetic-based separations such as waste management, disease diagnostics, drug delivery, and mining. Manipulations of magnetic microparticles also include chain formation to assemble compositions for electronics, drug loading designs, and magnetorheological fluids for smart armor, hydraulic brakes, and dampers. In microfluidic devices, separation-formation-effectiveness depends on the shape of the channel, the shear rate, and the magnetic field strength and direction.

Particle separation and chain formation involved highly complex and computational expense-demanding studies in microfluidic devices, magnetic fields, and particle- particle/wall interactions. This research took complex experimental studies and …

Package Power Distribution Current Density In Applications With Large Transient Currents, Matthew Doyle, Wiren D. Becker, Matteo Cocchini, Kyle Schoneck, Samuel Connor, Layne Berge, Siqi Bai, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method to model, measure, and characterize a high-transient current in an electrical packaging solution is described herein. These methods help overcome the challenge of generating model to hardware correlation in high current applications. A specialized test platform is developed and used to characterize current density in test hardware. The measurements are used to characterize a custom power distribution network and verify validity of current density predictions. This data is critical in high-current applications for finding and measuring current density through plane pinch points that can cause early failures in the field due to electromigration and delamination.

Source Reconstruction In Near Field Scanning For Rfi Application, Hosseien Rezaei

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research is divided into three major topics. The first topic, mechanical magnetic field generator for communication in the ULF range, is discussed in the first paper. The second topic, source reconstruction in near field scanning for RFI application, is discussed over the course of two papers. The third topic, analysis of imbalanced 2 or 3 Wire VHF LISN, is discussed in the last two papers.

In the first topic, the possibility to use a mechanical system (a rotating magnet) as a source (generator or antenna combined) of the ULF magnetic field is investigated. Ultralow frequency (ULF) communication systems have …

Emi Characterization For Power Supplies And Machine Learning Based Modeling In Emc/Si, Jiayi He

Doctoral Dissertations

"Signal integrity (SI) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) are essential for consumer electronics and high-speed server applications. It is necessary to do EMI and SI modeling at the design stage. In this research, several modeling approaches for EMI and SI problems are proposed. By using measurement-based modeling method, the mechanism of conducted emissions (CE) on ac to dc power supplies in an LED TV is analyzed. A system-level transient simulation model is built to predict the conducted emission (CE). To characterize the equivalent dipole moment sources in RFI and EMI problems, a dipole source reconstruction method based on machine learning techniques …

Instrumentation, Modeling, And Sound Metamodeling Foundations For Complex Hybrid Systems, Natasha Amelia Jarus

Doctoral Dissertations

Many of our critical infrastructures, from power grids to water distribution networks, are complex hybrid systems that use software to control their non-trivial physical dynamics. These systems must be able to capably serve their purpose, while also being reliable, dependable, safe, secure, and efficient. Representation and analysis of these features requires the creation of several distinct models. These models may encode design goals or be derived from collected instrumentation data, reflecting both how a system ought to operate and how it does operate. It is essential to ensure that all of these models consistently and accurately describe the same system. …

Review Of The Emc Aspects Of Internet Of Things, Jiyu Wu, Yihong Qi, Guang Gong, Jun Fan, Miao Miao, Wei Yu, Jianhua Ma, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Wireless devices are the largest part of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) units. Radiated, such as specific absorption rate and spurious related issues are regulated by the standards bodies. The functionality performance will greatly influence IoT system stability, user experience, and cost. Radio receiver desensitization and coexistence aspects of IoT devices are discussed in this article. Measurement technologies are briefly reviewed for transmit/receive mode only of single-input single-output (SISO), and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) devices, to provide a means of device performance evaluation and electromagnetic interference troubleshooting. An understanding of the electromagnetic compatibility aspects of the IoT and its measurement methods can help …

A Deep Neural Network-Based Estimation Of Efficiency Enhancement By An Intermediate Coil In Automotive Wireless Power Transfer System, Boogyo Sim, Daehwan Lho, Dongryul Park, Seungtaek Jeong, Seongsoo Lee, Hongseok Kim, Hyunwook Park, Hyungmin Kang, Seokwoo Hong, Joungho Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we proposed a deep neural network (DNN)-based estimation of efficiency enhancement by an intermediate (Int) coil in automotive wireless power transfer (WPT) system. The Int coil can enhance the efficiency in the WPT system with the proper resonant frequency of the Int coil. The previous study has explained the resonant frequency of the Int coil should be higher than the operating frequency. According to the resonant frequency of the Int coil, we can achieve the amount of efficiency enhancement. Therefore, the design of the Int coil is essential for optimize the efficiency enhancement of the automotive WPT …

Optimal Matching Reactance Design And Validation In Wireless Power Transfer System For Electric Vehicle Based On Sae J2954-Rp, Anfeng Huang, Dongwook Kim, Qiusen He, Hanyu Zhang, Yuyu Zhu, Hongseok Kim, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is foreseen as a suitable technology to provide charging without cables to electric vehicles. The charging requires a specific charging profile for different type of battery. In addition, the loading condition of the charging circuit could change drastically as following the charging profile. Due to the dependencies on loading condition, the transmission efficiency of a WPT system could degrade during the charging process. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of efficiency to loading condition could be reduced with proper design of compensation network, e.g., LCC. In this paper, a SPICE-simulation based optimization flow is demonstrated for matching reactance optimization …