Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

Design Of Novel Devices And Circuits For Electrostatic Discharge Protection Applications In Advanced Semiconductor Technologies, Zhixin Wang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), as a subset of Electrical Overstress (EOS), was reported to be in charge of more than 35% of failure in integrated circuits (ICs). Especially in the manufacturing process, the silicon wafer turns out to be a functional ICs after numerous physical, chemical and mechanical processes, each of which expose the sensitive and fragile ICs to ESD environment. In normal end-user applications, ESD from human and machine handling, surge and spike signals in the power supply, and wrong supplying signals, will probably cause severe damage to the ICs and even the whole systems. Generally, ESD protections are evaluated …

A Collaborative Adaptive Wiener Filter For Image Restoration Using A Spatial-Domain Multi-Patch Correlation Model, Khaled M. Mohamed, Russell C. Hardie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We present a new patch-based image restoration algorithm using an adaptive Wiener filter (AWF) with a novel spatial-domain multi-patch correlation model. The new filter structure is referred to as a collaborative adaptive Wiener filter (CAWF). The CAWF employs a finite size moving window. At each position, the current observation window represents the reference patch. We identify the most similar patches in the image within a given search window about the reference patch. A single-stage weighted sum of all of the pixels in the similar patches is used to estimate the center pixel in the reference patch. The weights are based …

Proactive Conversation, 3d Printing, And An Old Nintendo, Tesha C. Ellis

UROP Posters

Abstract

One hundred years from now, it would be a true historical treat to be able to showcase 20th and 21st century digital entertainment by presenting video game consoles in mint condition for interactive, educational, play. Arguably, it would be more enlightening and informative for future audiences to be able to physically engage with the electronic artifacts instead of simply observing them behind glass. With the use of 3D technology, components of video game systems can be preserved, and then printed as needed for repairs. It will help keep them functional for future researchers, educators, and enthusiasts.

Boost Battery, Samuel Rauch, Alvin Ng, Lacy Sigman

Electrical Engineering

In modern times, the problem of a depleted battery confronts us too often. Whether it appears with a smartphone or with any other electronic device, the situation frustrates all consumers. This project designs and constructs a compact portable battery charger that charges through kinetic energy. Thus, one can perform everyday activities, such as walking or running, and charge up a backup battery with no extra effort or time. Additionally, an attachable band harvests thermal energy to maximize the amount of clean power generated. Energy harvesting from kinetic motion and thermal differences provide users with power when no actual power suppliers …

Vehicle Tracking And Classification Via 3d Geometries For Intelligent Transportation Systems, William Mcdowell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, we present generalized techniques which allow for the tracking and classification of vehicles by tracking various Point(s) of Interest (PoI) on a vehicle. Tracking the various PoI allows for the composition of those points into 3D geometries which are unique to a given vehicle type. We demonstrate this technique using passive, simulated image based sensor measurements and three separate inertial track formulations. We demonstrate the capability to classify the 3D geometries in multiple transform domains (PCA & LDA) using Minimum Euclidean Distance, Maximum Likelihood and Artificial Neural Networks. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to fuse separate classifiers …

Characterization Of A Spiking Neuron Model Via A Linear Approach, Amirhossein Jabalameli

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the past decade, characterizing spiking neuron models has been extensively researched as an essential issue in computational neuroscience. In this thesis, we examine the estimation problem of two different neuron models. In Chapter 2, We propose a modified Izhikevich model with an adaptive threshold. In our two-stage estimation approach, a linear least squares method and a linear model of the threshold are derived to predict the location of neuronal spikes. However, desired results are not obtained and the predicted model is unsuccessful in duplicating the spike locations. Chapter 3 is focused on the parameter estimation problem of a multi-timescale …

Design, Characterization And Analysis Of Component Level Electrostatic Discharge (Esd) Protection Solutions, Sirui Luo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Electrostatic Discharges (ESD) is a significant hazard to electronic components and systems. Based on a specific process technology, a given circuit application requires a customized ESD consideration that meets all the requirements such as the core circuit's operating condition, maximum accepted leakage current, breakdown conditions for the process and overall device sizes. In every several years, there will be a new process technology becomes mature, and most of those new technology requires custom design of effective ESD protection solution. And usually the design window will shrinks due to the evolving of the technology becomes smaller and smaller. The ESD related …

Design Of High-Efficiency Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor And Drive System, Hanzhou Liu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Utilization of renewable energy has become the future trend in the trucking industry. Electrical power generated from renewable energy can replace part of the fuel usage. There is usually limited space for storing on-board battery. Thus, to better utilize the battery power, it becomes critical to have an efficient energy conversion device that can transfer energy from battery to amenities such as air conditioner, microwave, TV, mini refrigerator, etc. In this dissertation, a designed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) can be such energy conversion device for an electric Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) application, which will have a desired output power …

Optical Fiber Sensors For Smart Composite Materials And Structures, Manjusha Ramakrishnan, Yuliya Semenova, Gerald Farrell, Ginu Rajan

Books/Book chapters

Composite material structures are widely used in the aerospace, marine, aviation, transport, sport/leisure and civil engineering industries. Such composite material structures are frequently subjected to external perturbations and varying environmental conditions, which may cause the structures to suffer from fatique damage and/or failure, and thus require real-time structural health monitoring (SHM). Of necessity, the diagnosis process and condition monitoring of composite structures are usually carried out during their working life. The goal of such diagnosis is to detect, identify, locate, and assess the defects that my affect the safety or performance of a structure.

Arc Flash Hazards Analysis, Zhenyuan Zhang

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Annually more than 2000 workers are admitted to hospital burn centers for extensive injuries caused by arc flash accidents. Arc flash incidents occur when unintended electric current flows through air, superheating the air and causes an explosion. Recognizing the significant threat posed by arc flash hazards, IEEE and NFPA have joined forces on an initiative to support research and additional testing to increase the understanding of the arc flash phenomena. Accurately represent all the real applications for arc flash events are very difficult, not only because of their random complex nature, but also because a large number of uncertain variables …

Control System Development And Response Analysis Of An Electronically Actuated Variable-Orifice Nozzle For Agricultural Pesticide Applications, Joe D. Luck, Scott A. Shearer, Michael P. Sama, Santosh K. Pitla

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The goal of this research project was to further the development of an electromechanically controlled variable-orifice nozzle by creating an electronic control system and then evaluating that system based on step and ramp inputs. The control system was developed in a programming environment that combined an electronic data acquisition system and actuator with pressure and flow sensors. A proportional, variable-gain (based on system pressure) control system was developed to adjust nozzle flow rates to meet target application rates. The constraints were to achieve settling time of less than 1.0 s, overshoot of less than 10% of maximum flow (or minimum …

Iii-V Nitride Based Microcantilever Heaters For Unique Multimodal Detection Of Volatile Organic Compounds At Low Temperature, Ifat Jahangir

Theses and Dissertations

Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are widely used in industrial processes and household products, is very important due to significant health hazards associated with them. VOCs are commonly detected using photo-ionization detectors (PIDs), suspended hot bead pellistors, or heated metal oxide semiconductor functionalization layers. However, these techniques used for detecting VOCs often suffer from one or more of the following issues - high power consumption, limited selectivity, complicated functionalization technique and expensive characterization tools. On the other hand, microcantilevers offer excellent avenues for molecular sensing that arises out of their high sensitivity to various physical parameter changes induced …

Skin Detection In Hyperspectral Images, Stephanie Sanchez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Hyperspectral imagers collect information of the scene being imaged at close contiguous bands in the electromagnetic spectrum at high spectral resolutions. Hyperspectral images are organized in a data cube where the x and y axes contain spatial information and the z-axis contains spectral information. The number of applications for these imagers has grown over the years as they are now used in various fields (i.e. agriculture, surveillance, chemical imaging, environmental, medical, etc.). Many algorithms are described in the literature for skin detection in color imagery. However increased detection accuracy, in particularly over cluttered backgrounds, and of small targets and in …

Low Power Design Techniques For Data Acquisition, Praveen Kumar Palakurthi

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Semiconductor technology advancement continues to lead to smaller device geometries. Digital circuits have benefited from the technology scaling whereas analog circuits often suffer in terms of performance and noise immunity. As functionality continues to be integrated onto systems-on-chips, analog circuits consume increasingly more power than digital circuits and the objective of this Dissertation is to explore low power techniques in the context of both digital and analog circuits residing on the same silicon real estate.

As natural signals are in analog form, a necessity exists to convert these into digital form and then back again in order to exploit the …

Synchronization Of Bistatic Radar Using Chaotic Amplitude And Frequency Modulated Signals, Chandra Sekhar Pappu

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this work is to develop a synchronization scheme for bistatic radar that uses a 3-D chaotic system to generate and process wideband AM and FM signals, which allows for the extraction of high range-resolution information from targets. For AM bistatic radar, the setup includes a drive oscillator at the transmitter and a response oscillator at the receiver. The challenge is synchronizing the response oscillator to the drive oscillator with a scaled version of the transmitted signal sr(t, x) = αs t(t, x), where x is a chaotic state variable and α is a scaling factor. Here, α …

Microwave Radiometer (Mwr) Evaluation Of Multi-Beam Satellite Antenna Boresight Pointing Using Land-Water Crossings, For The Aquarius/Sac-D Mission, Bradley Clymer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research concerns the CONAE Microwave Radiometer (MWR), on board the Aquarius/SAC-D platform. MWR's main purpose is to provide measurements that are simultaneous and spatially collocated with those of NASA's Aquarius radiometer/scatterometer. For this reason, knowledge of the MWR antenna beam footprint geolocation is crucial to mission success. In particular, this thesis addresses an on-orbit validation of the MWR antenna beam pointing, using calculated MWR instantaneous field of view (IFOV) centers, provided in the CONAE L-1B science data product. This procedure compares L-1B MWR IFOV centers at land/water crossings against high-resolution coastline maps. MWR IFOV locations versus time are computed …

Electroporation Of Mammalian Cells By Nanosecond Electric Field Oscillations And It's Inhibition By The Electric Field Reversal, Elena C. Gianulis, Jimo Lee, Chunqi Jiang, Shu Xiao, Bennet L. Ibey, Andrei G. Pakhomov

Bioelectrics Publications

The present study compared electroporation efficiency of bipolar and unipolar nanosecond electric field oscillations (NEFO). Bipolar NEFO was a damped sine wave with 140 ns first phase duration at 50% height; the peak amplitude of phases 2-4 decreased to 35%, 12%, and 7% of the first phase. This waveform was rectified to produce unipolar NEFO by cutting off phases 2 and 4. Membrane permeabilization was quantified in CHO and GH₃ cells by uptake of a membrane integrity marker dye YO-PRO-1 (YP) and by the membrane conductance increase measured by patch clamp. For treatments with 1-20 unipolar NEFO, at 9.6-24 …

Integrating Emerging Cryptographic Engineering Research And Security Education, Mehran Mozaffari Kermani, Reza Azarderakhsh

Articles

Unlike traditional embedded systems such as secure smart cards, emerging secure deeply embedded systems, e.g., implantable and wearable medical devices, have larger “attack surface”. A security breach in such systems which are embedded deeply in human bodies or objects would be life-threatening, for which adopting traditional solutions might not be practical due to tight constraints of these often-battery-powered systems. Unfortunately, although emerging cryptographic engineering research mechanisms have started solving this critical problem, university education (at both graduate and undergraduate level) lags comparably. One of the pivotal reasons for such a lag is the multi-disciplinary nature of the emerging security bottlenecks …

Extraction Of Carrier Mobility And Interface Trap Density In Ingaas Metal Oxide Semiconductor Structures Using Gated Hall Method, Thenappan Chidambaram

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

III-V semiconductors are potential candidates to replace Si as a channel material in next generation CMOS integrated circuits owing to their superior carrier mobilities. Low density of states (DOS) and typically high interface and border trap densities (Dit) in high mobility group III-V semiconductors provide difficulties in quantification of Dit near the conduction band edge. The trap response above the threshold voltage of a MOSFET can be very fast, and conventional Dit extraction methods, based on capacitance/conductance response (CV methods) of MOS capacitors at frequencies <1MHz, cannot distinguish conducting and trapped carriers. In addition, the CV methods have to deal with high dispersion in the accumulation region that makes it a difficult task to measure the true oxide capacitance, Cox value. Another implication of these properties of III-V interfaces is an ambiguity of determination of electron density in the MOSFET channel. Traditional evaluation of carrier density by integration of the C-V curve, gives incorrect values for Dit and mobility. Here we employ gated Hall method to quantify the Dit spectrum at the high-κ oxide/III-V semiconductor interface for buried and surface channel devices using Hall measurement and capacitance-voltage data. Determination of electron density directly from Hall measurements allows for obtaining true mobility values

3d Integration With Coaxial Through Silicon Vias, Stephen Adamshick

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

3D integration using through-silicon-vias (TSVs) is gaining considerable attention due to its superior packaging efficiency resulting in higher functionality, improved performance and a reduction in power consumption. In order to implement 3D chip designs with TSV technology, robust TSV electrical models are required. Specifically, due to the increase of signal speeds into the gigahertz (GHz) spectrum, a high frequency electrical characterization best describes TSV behavior.

Study Of Millisecond Laser Annealing On Ion Implanted Soi And Application To Scaled Finfet Technology, Tyler J. Michalak

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The fabrication of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET) requires the engineering of low resistance, low leakage, and extremely precise p-n junctions. The introduction of finFET technology has introduced new challenges for traditional ion implantation and annealing techniques in junction design as the fin widths continue to decrease for improved short channel control. This work investigates the use of millisecond scanning laser annealing in the formation of n-type source/drain junctions in next generation MOSFET.

Implementation Of Strategies To Improve The Reliability Of Iii-Nitride Photodetectors Towards The Realization Of Visible And Solar-Blind Imaging Arrays, John Bulmer

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation detectors are being heavily researched for applications in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication systems, flame monitoring, biological detection, and astronomical studies. These applications are currently being met by the use of Si-based photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), which are bulky, fragile, expensive and require the use of external filters to achieve true visible-blind and solar-blind operation.

High Frequency Signal Transmission In Through Silicon Via Based 3d Integrated Circuit, Min Xu

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Through silicon vias (TSVs) enable 3-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs), which have the potential to reduce the power consumption, interconnect length and overall communication latency in modern nanoelectronics systems. High-speed signal transmission channels through stacked silicon substrates are critical for 3D heterogeneous integration. This work presents systematic analyses of fabricated 3D IC test structures. This includes test structure design, fabrication, experimental characterization, equivalent circuit modeling and full wave simulations for high-speed signal transmission of the TSV based 3D IC channels.

Carbon 1d/2d Nanoelectronics : Integration And Device Applications, Zhaoying Hu

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Graphene is a one-atom thick planar monolayer of sp2-bonded carbon atoms organized in a hexagonal crystal lattice. A single walled carbon nanotube (CNT) can be thought of as a graphene sheet rolled up into a seamless hollow cylinder with extremely high length-to-diameter ratio. Their ultra-thin body, large surface area, and exceptional electronic, optical and mechanical properties make these low-dimensional carbon materials ideal candidates for electronic applications. However, adopting low-dimensional carbon materials into semiconductor industry faces significant material and integration challenges. There is an urgent need for research at fundamental and applicative levels to find a roadmap for carbon nanomaterial to …

Elliptical Metasurfaces For Cloaking And Antenna Applications At Microwave And Terahertz Frequencies, Hossein Mehrpourbernety

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Divergence And Bayes Error Based Soft Decision For Decentralized Signal Detection Of Correlated Sensor Data, Roopa Shree Rajanna

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Localization Of Sensors In Presence Of Fading And Mobility, Hamzeh Hussain Omari

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this dissertation is to estimate the location of a sensor through analysis of signal strengths of messages received from a collection of mobile anchors. In particular, a sensor node determines its location from distance measurements to mobile anchors of known locations. We take into account the uncertainty and fluctuation of the RSS as a result of fading and take into account the decay of the RSS which is proportional to the transmitter-receiver distance power raised to the PLE. The objective is to characterize the channel in order to derive accurate distance estimates from RSS measurements and then …

Synchrophasor Assisted Efficient Fault Location Techniques In An Active Distribution Network, Anil Khanal

Dissertations

Reliability of an electrical system can be improved by an efficient fault location identification for the fast repair and remedial actions. This scenario changes when there are large penetrations of distributed generation (DG) which makes the distribution system an active distribution system. An efficient use of synchrophasors in the distribution network is studied with bidirectional power flow, harmonics and low angle difference consideration which are not prevalent in a transmission network. A synchrophasor estimation algorithm for the P class PMU is developed and applied to identify efficient fault location. A fault location technique using two ended synchronized measurement is derived …

The Ph Sensing Properties Of Rf Sputtered Ruo2 Thin-Film Prepared Using Different Ar/O2 Flow Ratio, Ali Sardarinejad, Devendra Kumar Maurya, Kamal Alameh

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The influence of the Ar/O₂ gas ratio during radio frequency (RF) sputtering of the RuO₂ sensing electrode on the pH sensing performance is investigated. The developed pH sensor consists in an RF sputtered ruthenium oxide thin-film sensing electrode, in conjunction with an electroplated Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The performance and characterization of the developed pH sensors in terms of sensitivity, response time, stability, reversibility, and hysteresis are investigated. Experimental results show that the pH sensor exhibits super-Nernstian slopes in the range of 64.33-73.83 mV/pH for Ar/O₂ gas ratio between 10/0-7/3. In particular, the best pH sensing performance, in …

Fault Section Identification For Power Distribution Systems Using Online Measurements, Jie Chen

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Fault location is very important for distribution systems, and quickly identifying the fault and restoring the system can help reduce the outage time and make the system more reliable. In this thesis, a method for locating faults on distribution systems is introduced to quickly identify the faulted feeder sections by using the overcurrent information from the switches in the system. Fuzzy logic is utilized. The proposed method can quickly and accurately locate faulted sections with different fault locations, fault types and fault resistances. The method is applicable to cases with single-faults or multi-faults, and is applicable to networks with multi-sources. …