Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

Microgrid Energy Storage Branch, Evan Luu, Jeffrey Shieh

Electrical Engineering

The microgrid is the future for the electrical utility system. Because of this, future power engineers need to be well-versed in this topic when they go into industry. Cal Poly has created a microgrid laboratory for this very purpose. However, it is missing its battery based energy storage branch. Due to safety concerns, a traditional chemical battery is not suitable for student use. In order to maintain Cal Poly’s learn-by-doing approach, an alternative solution must be implemented. A regenerative power supply meets the criteria for student use. It is capable of simulating the sinking and sourcing capabilities of a battery …

Transformer Fault Event Detection And Classification Using Pmus, Yadunandan Paudel

Theses and Dissertations

Transformer is one of the most reliable components in an electric power system, however its failure has huge opportunity costs for an electric utility. In this work, we detect transformer electrical faults promptly and accurately classify the fault types using voltage/current data from Phasor Measurement Units. Our work can also eliminate uncertainties which are inherent in traditional transformer fault diagnostic techniques like dissolved gas analysis. In this thesis, first, possible causes of transformer failures are discussed, and four common transformer electrical faults are identified. Second, a comprehensive simulation model for electrical faults is developed. Third, fast and efficient abrupt change …

Design Of A Bandgap Voltage Reference, Nicolaus Vail

Electrical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis details the design process of a bandgap voltage reference (BGR) integrated circuit in a 180 nm CMOS process. A BGR provides a constant DC voltage across a range of operating temperatures and supply voltages. By its nature, the circuit is intended as a reference, not to provide current, so the output would be connected to a very high impedance, such as the gate of a transistor. At 27°C, this design provides a 955 mV reference voltage given a nominal VDD of 3 V. From 20°C to 175°C, the output voltage has a variance of 7.2 mV (approximately 0.8%) …

Signal Analysis Of Photovoltaic Systems For Multilevel Cybersecurity, Wesley G. Schwartz

Electrical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The cybersecurity of grid-connected power electronics is a rapidly developing field as more and more of these devices become a part of the Internet of Things. The objective of this thesis to analyze the current control signals of a photovoltaic (PV) inverter and develop an interface board for the implementation of a new cyber-secure controller.

In this thesis, the testing and in-depth analysis of the current PV inverter control system will be conducted. Using the data collected, an interface board will be developed to allow the use of the Unified Control Board (UCB), developed by Chris Farnell, in the PV …

High Power Density And High Efficiency Converter Topologies For Renewable Energy Conversion And Ev Applications, Dereje Lemma Woldegiorgis

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation work presents two novel converter topologies (a three-level ANPC inverter utilizing hybrid Si/SiC switches and an Asymmetric Alternate Arm Converter (AAAC) topology) that are suitable for high efficiency and high-power density energy conversion systems. The operation principle, modulation, and control strategy of these newly introduced converter topologies are presented in detail supported by simulation and experimental results. A thorough design optimization of these converter topologies (Si/SiC current rating ratio optimization and gate control strategies for the three-level ANPC inverter topology and component sizing for the asymmetric alternate arm converter topology) are also presented.

Performance comparison of the proposed …

Analysis And Optimization Of The Two-Phase Series Capacitor Buck Dc-Dc Converter, Salahaldein Ali Aboajila Ahmed

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Current sharing schemes for conventional multi-phase converters are based on sensing each phase current to deliver the current information to their controllers. In conventional buck converters, this fact may require a preset current sharing ratio at the expense of efficiency, which eventually requires a larger sensing circuit to achieve the sensing accuracy of each phase. Introducing the concept of automatic current sharing is one of the solutions to tackle this issue. Automatic current sharing (Current Sharing Mechanism CSM) is an advanced way to distribute heat generation in multi-phase switching topologies at full load. A two-phase series capacitor buck converter (2-pscB) …

Installation Of Electrical System For Paso Robles Police Department, Peter D. Strykers, Jacob M. Studebaker

Construction Management

This paper outlines the process that Peter Strykers and Jacob Studebaker went through to set up the lighting and power system for the Paso Robles Police Department gun range located off highway 46. Before our installation, the gun range had zero lighting so the officers could not use it after sunset. We allowed the officers to light the gun range with outdoor LED lights, light up both the storage units on site, and have access to multiple outlets inside and out of the storage units. The power source that the electrical system runs on comes from a Kubota generator because …

Dc Microgrid Fault Detection Using Multiresolution Analysis Of Traveling Waves, Rudy Montoya

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

Fast detection and isolation of faults in a DC microgrid is of particular importance. Fast tripping protection (i) increases the lifetime of power electronics (PE) switches by avoiding high fault current magnitudes and (ii) enhances the controllability of PE converters. This thesis proposes a traveling wave (TW) based scheme for fast tripping protection of DC microgrids. The proposed scheme utilizes a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to calculate the high-frequency components of DC fault currents. Multiresolution analysis (MRA) using DWT is utilized to detect TW components for different frequency ranges. The Parseval energy calculated from the MRA coefficients are then used …

Load Slammer Design For Dc-Dc Converter Testing, Jonathan Hidalgo, Quinton Lacomb

Electrical Engineering

In this work, we dive into the detailed design of a test load or load slammer circuit for DC/DC converters to ensure their correct functioning. This is accomplished through quick variations in frequency, amplitude, and duty cycle of the current being drawn by the converter into the load. Computer simulations of the design were performed using LTSpice and the results show that the load current could be varied per design objectives. Hardware implementation of the design was also conducted and then tested. Results were then compared with the design requirements at lower currents to evaluate the validity of the design. …

Economic Analysis Of Islanded Microgrid: A Case Study Of Kisiju Village - Coastal Region, Jackson Justo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The concept of Microgrid (MG) has gained significant attention of researchers and projects on the business side of electrical power generation and utilization, particularly in electrification of islanded areas such as villages. Most of these microgrids are powered by renewable energy resources (RERs) and they distribute power in low voltage distribution networks. Hence, these systems are faced with reliability problems due to the intermittency nature of RERs which affect the technical as well as the return on Investment of specific projects. In the latter context, reliability and economic analysis of the MG systems is an inevitable choice. This paper presents …

Optimization Based On Movable Damped Wave Algorithm For Design Of Photovoltaic/ Wind/ Diesel/ Biomass/ Battery Hybrid Energy Systems, Mohammed Kharrich, Salah Kamel, Mamdouh Abdel-Akher, Ahmad Eid, Hossam Zawbaa, Jonghoon Kim

Articles

The actual energetic situation has several challenges such as pollution, the rarefaction of fossil fuel and the dangers of nuclear. Renewable sources are proposed as a solution and suggested, such as a cost-effectiveness system. The paper deals with the problem of feeding a domestic load with electricity which should respect the ecologies factors, so this work is a design problem of the hybrid renewable energy systems; PV/biomass, PV/diesel/battery, PV/wind/diesel/battery, and wind/diesel/battery to choose the best one of them which feed the load with the lowest cost. The study’s goal is to design a microgrid system by the minimization of the …

A Soft-Switched Three-Port Dc-Dc Converter For A Pv/ Battery System, Mohamedelfatih Dosa

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

This thesis proposed a soft-switched three-port bidirectional DC-DC converter for managing the power flow of a photovoltaic (PV) and battery system. The proposed converter consists of three ports connected to a PV panel, battery, and load. These three ports are interfaced through the high-frequency transformer and use phase-shift control to achieve soft-switching for all converter switches. Compared with the traditional multiport converters, the proposed three-port converter uses the least number of power switches, and zero-voltage switching (ZVS). Simulation and experimental results validate the design and effectiveness of soft switching and power flow control. The converter can work in different scenarios …

Hosting A Community-Based Local Electricity Market In A Residential Network, Aziz Saif, Shafi K. Khadem, Michael Conlon, Brian Norton

Articles

This paper presents the potential of building a local electricity market (LEM) to boost the deployment of the local energy communities, centred around active customers with distributed energy resources (DERs). To conduct a comprehensive and detailed study on different cases with reduced computational burdens, this paper adopts a simplified modelling approach where the market and network model simulations are performed in a cascaded, decoupled fashion. This allows achieving the optimal LEM output for the energy community with different DER assets that are not bounded by the network constraints. The investigation involves quantifying the benefits brought by LEM to energy communities …

Modeling And Control Of Direct-Conversion Hybrid Switched-Capacitor Dc-Dc Converters, Ziyu Xia

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Efficient power delivery is increasingly important in modern computing, communications, consumer and other electronic systems, due to the high power demand and thermal concerns accompanied by performance advancements and tight packaging. In pursuit of high efficiency, small physical volume, and flexible regulation, hybrid switched-capacitor topologies have emerged as promising candidates for such applications. By incorporating both capacitors and inductors as energy storage elements, hybrid topologies achieve high power density while still maintaining soft charging and efficient regulation characteristics. However, challenges exist in the hybrid approach. In terms of reliability, each flying capacitor should be maintained at a nominal `balanced' voltage …

Self-Oscillating Induction Heater, Patrick Rice

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This report develops a control system to keep an induction heater in resonance. When a metallic workpiece is inserted in the air core of the workcoil, the resonant frequency changes. Different workpiece materials affect the resonant frequency and power. This presents a problem since changing the resonant frequency of the circuit while keeping the frequency constant reduces the maximum power of the circuit. Finite element analysis is used to find the circuit parameters of the workcoil and workpiece interaction. A non-linear controller which oscillates based on the resonant frequency of an LC tank is created. Nyquist and describing function analysis …

Autonomous Wildfire Detection System, Matthew Pyle, Nick Garrett

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

According to the National Fire Protection Association Journal, federal wildfire suppression costs in the United States have risen from an annual average of about $425 million from 1985 to 1999 up to $1.6 billion from 2000 to 2019. On average, more than 200,000 acres in the United States are burned per year due to wildfires, with more than 700,000 acres burned in 2020 alone. With the risk of wildfire ever rising, there is a need for better early detection of remote wildfires, as existing methods often include long delays like satellites or rely on human lookout towers. The objective is …

Smart Kettlebell, Cole Russell, Patrick Davis, Ryan Deboer, Isaac Stecker

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of design team 08’s senior design project is to create and implement a workout device that will be able to calculate the caloric expenditure, repetitions, and length of a workout. Once the duration of a workout is completed, the user metrics will be communicated from the kettlebell system to a user application via Bluetooth. The caloric expenditure will be used using the data that is provided from the accelerometer. The duration of the workout will be controlled using a push button that is connected to the kettlebell system that will allow for the start and stop of a …

Development Of Dc Circuit Breakers For Medium-Voltage Electrified Transportation, Trevor Morgan Arvin

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Medium-voltage DC (MVDC) distribution is an enabling technology for the electrification of transportation such as aircraft and shipboard. One main obstacle for DC distribution is the lack of adequate circuit fault protection. The challenges are due to the rapidly rising fault currents and absence of zero crossings in DC systems compared to AC counterparts. Existing DC breaker solutions lack comprehensive consideration of energy efficiency, power density, fault interruption speed, reliability, and implementation cost.

In this thesis, two circuit topologies of improved DC circuit breakers are developed: the resonant current source based hybrid DC breaker (RCS-HDCB) and the high temperature superconductor …

Parametric Average-Value Modeling, Simulation, And Characterization Of Machine-Rectifier Systems, Isuje Ojo

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

There are many techniques for modeling and simulation of synchronous machine-rectifier systems. The more common approaches are the detailed and average-value modeling techniques. The detailed simulation technique takes into account the details of the diode switching and is both very accurate and very expensive in terms of computational resources. To alleviate this disadvantage, the average-value modeling technique is often utilized. In this approach, the details of diode switching are neglected or averaged. In that light, the work presented herein proposes a unique saliency-sensitive parametric average-value model (SSPAVM) of the synchronous machine-rectifier system. This model extends existing parametric average-value models to …

Hardware In The Loop Implementation And Simulations Of A Wave Energy Converter Using Typhoon Hil And Speedgoat, Pranav Nair

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Several studies have indicated that electricity production is the prime source of greenhouse emissions, more than flying and driving combined. Hence, over the past few decades, there has been a significant rise in the need for clean energy to achieve the targets in emissions reduction. It has been observed that the share of renewable energy sources in the percentage of total electricity production is rising, but, according to climate experts, the transition needs to speed up. Hence, it is significant to study and develop underutilized renewable energy sources.

One of these underutilized renewable energy sources is wave energy. It has …

Modeling Of Inverter-Based Microgrid For Small-Signal And Large-Signal Stability Analysis, Vishal Verma

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) such as solar photovoltaic, wind, and battery storage, is both a boon and a bane for electric power systems. On one hand, IBRs have helped in making electrical energy a clean (carbon-free) source of energy. On other hand, the dynamics of IBRs have changed the way power system studies have been carried out. With the advantages IBRs offer over conventional resources, it is assumed that a small distribution power system (microgrid) will have a 100% IBRs penetration in the future. Such a microgrid can operate in grid-connected mode or in an islanded mode. Both modes …

Use Of Battery Systems For Var Support In Con Edison’S Distribution Network/Substation, Elihu Nyemah

Dissertations and Theses

Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can facilitate the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and help create a more reliable grid by providing multiple services including reactive power (VAR) support. This research will investigate the use of smart inverters to provide VAR support, assess the impact it has on the lifetime of a BESS and determine how the adverse effects (if any) can be mitigated/eliminated. To achieved this, a 7.5MW/30MWh grid connected BESS located at Con Edison substations have been modeled in MATLAB/Simulink. Preliminary assessment of the system showed that DC current to/from the battery is oscillating (non-zero) during reactive …

Enhanced Security Utilizing Side Channel Data Analysis, Michael Taylor

Computer Science and Engineering Theses and Dissertations

The physical state of a system is affected by the activities and processes in which it is tasked with carrying out. In the past there have been many instances where such physical changes have been exploited by bad actors in order to gain insight into the operational state and even the data being held on a system. This method of side channel exploitation is very often effective due to the relative difficulty of obfuscating activity on a physical level. However, in order to take advantage of side channel data streams one must have a detailed working knowledge of how a …

Ac/Dc Led Light Bulb Adaptor With Internal Rechargeable Batteries, Esteban A. Rubio, Matthew R. Delaby

Electrical Engineering

To make a sustainable product and provide a temporary source of lights on during emergencies, this project aims to create a small unit that can be attached to a light bulb of any variety and connect it to a socket. Within the device is a rechargeable battery that, when the device is not connected to an 120V AC, 240V AC, or 48V DC power source, will power the light for a short period of time. The battery can be charged during the standard operation of the device and can be powered by the US and EU standard outlet voltages as …

Protection And Disturbance Mitigation Of Next Generation Shipboard Power Systems, Marounfa Djibo

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Today, thanks to modern advances mainly in the power electronics field, megawatt-level electric drives and magnetic levitation are being integrated into the marine power grids. These technologies operate based on Direct Current (DC) power which require Alternating Current (AC) to DC conversion within the current grid. Medium-voltage Direct Current (MVDC) and Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESS) are the next state-of-the-art technologies that researchers are leaning on to produce, convert, store, and distribute power with improved power quality, reliability, and flexibility. On the other hand, with the extensive integration of high-frequency power electronic converters, system stability analysis and the true system …

A Double-Sided Stack Low-Inductance Wire-Bondless Sic Power Module With A Ceramic Interposer, Si Huang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this dissertation research is to develop a novel three-dimensional (3-D) wire bondless power module package for silicon carbide (SiC) power devices to achieve a low parasitic inductance and an improved thermal performance. A half-bridge module consisting of 900-V SiC MOSFETs is realized to minimize stray parasitic inductance as well as to provide both vertical and horizontal cooling paths to maximize heat dissipation. The proposed 3-D power module package was designed, simulated, fabricated and tested. In this module, low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate with vias is utilized as an interposer of which both top and bottom sides …

The Effect Of A Ferrite-Core Relay Vs. An Air-Core Relay On The Output Power Characteristics Of A Three-Coil Wireless Power Transfer System, Jakob L. White

University Honors Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to determine the effect of using a ferrite-core relay on the output power characteristics of a three-coil, parallel-tuned, domino-resonator wireless power transfer (WPT) system in comparison to the effect of using an air-core relay in such a system. First, a general mathematical model is presented to describe both the ferrite-core-relay system and the air-core-relay system and to calculate their output power characteristics for seven different resistive loads at each of five different distance configurations between the coils. Next, experimental results are analyzed and compared to the mathematical results to confirm model accuracy. Finally, the …

High Voltage Dc-Dc Converter Design For Submarine Application, Oscar Ambriz

Master's Theses

In this work a proof of concept for a step-down DC-DC converter used in a high voltage submarine application is presented. The purpose of the converter is to step down a 5000V-6000V input to a 24V output which can serve as an input to a submarine sensor. The completed system consists of two stages where the first stage is an unregulated switched capacitor converter to step down the initial input to a voltage range more appropriate for the selected second stage. The second stage is a regulated flyback converter topology which regulates the final output to the desired 24V. Performance …

Assessment Of The Impacts Of Climate Variability On Hydropower Generation: A Case Study Of The New Pangani Falls, Tanzania, Dativa Byarufu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Climate change poses potential impacts on hydropower generation either positively by increasing or negatively by decreasing river flow. This study assessed the impacts of climate variability on hydropower with a focus on the New Pangani Falls in Tanzania. Rainfall and temperature time series data from 1980-2014 were analyzed in relation to river discharge and associated impacts to hydropower generation. The Man-Kendall test was used to detect trend in both annual and seasonal time series. The results showed a negative trend in annual rainfall with Z= -2.41 at α = 0.05 and the slope Q = -0.964. Seasonal trend analysis showed …

Design And Validation Of A High-Power, High Density All Silicon Carbide Three-Level Inverter, Zhongjing Wang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Transportation electrification is clearly the road toward the future. Compared to internal combustion engine, the electrified vehicle has less carbon-dioxide emission, less maintenance costs and less operation costs. It also offers higher efficiency and safety margin. More importantly, it relieves human’s dependence on conventional fossil energy. In the electrification progress, the revolution of electric traction drive systems is one of the most important milestone. The traction system should keep high efficiency to avoid performance reduction. Moreover, the motor drive should be designed within limited space without sacrificing output power rating. Based on the road map from US Drive Electrical and …