Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

Hybrid Method Used To Model Via Transitions, Hanfeng Wang, Albert E. Ruehli, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A hybrid approach to solve via impedance and model via transitions is presented in the paper. the method is a combination of via-plane capacitance extraction and the impedance matrices calculation of parallel plane pair. a new formulation of the integral equation method for axially symmetric geometry is used for the capacitance extraction. the method is validated with other model results. ©2010 IEEE.

Efficient Mid-Frequency Plane Inductance Computation, Fan Zhou, Albert E. Ruehli, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In power distribution networks (PDN), the modelling of the mid-frequency inductance for Zpp type plane pairs is very important. It is a key step for the placement of the decoupling capacitors. This paper gives an efficient approach for the calculation of the inductance for different capacitor placements. the PEEC based formulations takes advantage of the opposite currents in the planes. This leads to compute time reductions and memory savings for both the element calculation and the matrix solve step. We also use a formulation where placement of capacitors leads to only small changes in the circuit matrix. Comparisons with other …

Frequency-Domain Turbo Detection For Ldpc-Coded Single-Carrier Mimo Underwater Acoustic Communications, Longbao Wang, Jun Tao, Chengshan Xiao, T. C. Yang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper proposes a frequency-domain detection scheme for single-carrier multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic (UWA) communication using low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. the new scheme employs turbo equalization technology together with iterative decoding technique, leading to a double-layer turbo detection structure. in the outer-layer turbo equalization, a soft-decision frequency-domain equalizer (FDE) iteratively exchanges soft information with the soft-decision LDPC channel decoder. within each outer-layer iteration, the LDPC decoder performs inner-layer iterative decoding with sum-product algorithm. the new scheme achieves excellent detection performance attributing to the double layers of iterative operation, which has been tested by experimental data measured in two undersea …

Analyzing Via Impedance Variations With A Stochastic Collation Method, Jianxiang Shen, Hanfeng Wang, Ji Chen, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we describe a systematic approach to optimize and analyze the equivalent characteristic impedance of practical via structures. the procedure consists of (a) optimizing via structures for impedance matching using a Genetic algorithm, and (b) numerically characterize, by stochastic collocation method, the sensitivity of the equivalent characteristic impedance to the manufacturing uncertainties in the various geometrical parameters of a via structure. Such procedure naturally leads to a rigorous methodology for EM design/control in the presence of multiple sources of uncertainty. ©2010 IEEE.

Equivalent Transmission-Line Model For Vias Connected To Striplines In Multilayer Print Circuit Boards, Siming Pan, Jianmin Zhang, Qinghua B. Chen, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Vias are typical discontinuities for high-speed signal transmission in printed circuit boards. Previous work has studied the through-hole via connections from the top layer to the bottom between microstrip traces and proposed an equivalent transmission-line model for impedance matching between traces and vias. in this paper, the equivalent transmission-line model is extended for the via structures connected to strip lines based on modal decomposition. Both single-ended and differential cases are discussed, and the effects of the model parameters on the performance of signal transition are also investigated. the extended equivalent transmission-line model is accurate and fast to be embedded in …

On The Use Of Natural-Mode Basis Functions For Electromagnetic Analysis Of Arbitrary Conducting Surfaces, Joshua Lawrence

All Theses

The natural modes defined in the singularity expansion method (SEM) are used as basis functions for the frequency- and time-domain current responses of arbitrary perfect electrically conducting (PEC) surfaces in this work. First, a method of determining the natural frequencies and corresponding modes which employs the electric field integral equation is presented. These quantities are then calculated for several geometries and the currents induced due to an incident plane wave in the frequency and time domains are approximated by a weighted sum of the natural modes. Additionally, the modal weights prescribed by SEM are compared to a set of weights …

Directional Patch Antenna Array Design For Desktop Wireless Internet, Noah Snyder

Electrical Engineering

To improve desktop wireless internet access, two patch antenna configurations were investigated in order to find an alternative for a dipole antenna, which is commonly used for Wi-Fi access. A Linksys WMP54G pci-card wireless adapter was used to test three antennas for 802.11g communications. The standard WMP54G dipole antenna and two patch antenna configurations were tested for Wi-Fi signal strength. The antennas were also tested in Cal Poly’s anechoic chamber to obtain resonant frequency and gain measurements. A 2.437 GHz center frequency, 72 MHz bandwidth antenna consisting of a single microstrip patch was constructed. After the patch antenna was determined …

A Methodology For Implementing Rf Bists In Production Testing To Replace Rf Conventional Tests, Deepa Mannath

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Production testing of Radio Frequency (RF) devices is challenging due to the complex nature of the tests that have to be performed to verify functionality. In this dissertation a methodology to replace the complex and expensive RF functional tests with defect-oriented Built-in Self Tests (BiSTs) is detailed. If a design has sufficient margin to RF specifications then RF tests can be replaced with structural tests using a new data analysis technique called quadrant analysis, which is presented. Data from the analysis of over one million production units of said System on Chip (SoC) is presented along with the results of …

Multi-Threshold Cmos Circuit Design Methodology From 2d To 3d, Ross Josiah Thian

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A new and exciting approach in digital IC design in order to accommodate the Moore's law is 3D chip stacking. Chip stacking offers more transistors per chip, reduced wire lengths, and increased memory access bandwidths. This thesis demonstrates that traditional 2D design flow can be adapted for 3D chip stacking. 3D chip stacking has a serious drawback: heat generation. Die-on-die architecture reduces exposed surface area for heat dissipation. In order to reduce heat generation, a low power technique named Multi-Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) was incorporated in this work. MTCMOS required designing a power management unit (to control when and which gates …

Toward Automated Detection And Diagnosis Of Mammographic Microcalcifications, Imad Mohammad Zyout

Dissertations

Mammographie diagnosis is the most effective technique to detect breast cancer in its infancy when it is most responsive to treatment. An early and a significant indicator of breast cancer is the presence of clustered microcalcifications (MCs). Mammographie MCs greatly vary in their appearance and shape, and become indistinguishable when surrounded by dense breast tissue. This makes radiologist's interpretation of mammograms a tedious and an error prone task.

Although computer aided diagnosis (CAD) methods are being developed to aid radiologist in detecting and analyzing the malignancy of MCs, existing systems have not achieved a satisfactory performance. The specificity of existing …

Polymer (Su-8) Optofluidic Device With Embedded Hydrogel Oxygen Sensing Elements, Zhan Gao, David B. Henthorn, Chang-Soo Kim

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The SU-8 photopolymer is an excellent alternative for traditional materials used in fluidic devices such as glass- or silicon-Based inorganic materials. We describe a new chemically anchored, lithographically patterned hydrogel sensing element embedded in a completed SU-8 fluidic channel structure after the channel bonding process. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel films incorporating oxygen-responsive ruthenium-complex fluorophores are grafted and patterned by photopolymerization of solution-phase precursors on the modified SU-8 channel surface. the optofluidic sensing platform with this embedded sensing elements exhibited excellent performance in measuring dissolved oxygen content. a unique advantage of this method is the selective growth of various functional films …

Review Of Multi-Scale Electromagnetic Modeling, W. C. Chew, Lijun Jiang, H. Y. Chao, A. J. Hesford, M. K. Li, Z. G. Qian, Y. G. Liu, Y. P. Chen, Z. H. Ma, L. E. Sun, M. S. Tong, C. Davis, W. E.I. Sha

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper reviews various methods to solve multiscale problems ranging from low-frequency methods to very high-frequency methods. ©2010 IEEE.

Augmented Epa With Augmented Efie Method For Packaging Analysis, Zuhui Ma, Lijun Jiang, Wengcho Chew, Maokun Li, Zhiguo Qian

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

It is evident that the low frequency full wave electromagnetic modelling is necessary for IC packaging analysis. Considering the complexity, it is very difficult to solve the whole problem directly. Even though the domain decomposition method is a legitimate approach for these types of problems, the domain decomposition method based on the equivalence principle has the low frequency breakdown issue. In this paper, we developed a low frequency augmented equivalence principle algorithm (AEPA) with the augmented electric field integral equation (AEFIE) for packaging and IC analysis. On the equivalence surfaces, not only the electric current and the magnetic current, but …

Enhanced Mimo Lmmse Turbo Equalization, Jun Tao, Jingxian Wu, Yahong Rosa Zheng, Chengshan Xiao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We propose an enhanced linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) turbo equalization scheme for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. the turbo equalizer employs soft interference cancelation (SIC), where tentative soft decisions of the interfering symbols are subtracted from the received samples before the LMMSE filtering. the enhanced LMMSE turbo equalization with SIC introduces two improvements over existing methods. First, unlike existing methods that completely rely on the a priori soft decisions at the equalizer input for SIC, the new scheme performs SIC by continuously updating the soft decisions with the a posteriori information of the symbols that have just been …

Oversampled Ofdm Detector For Mimo Underwater Acoustic Communications, Jun Tao, Jingxian Wu, Yahong Rosa Zheng, Chengshan Xiao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, an oversampled orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) detector is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. with simple time-domain oversampling and frequency-domain signal processing, the new oversampled OFDM (OOFDM) detector can achieve multipath diversity that is unavailable in a conventional uncoded OFDM system, while maintaining the similar complexity as the conventional OFDM system. the new OOFDM detector can be directly applied to the received OFDM signals without changing the structure of the OFDM transmitter. the proposed MIMO OOFDM detector has been tested by field trial data collected in the SPACE08 experiment launched near Martha's Vineyard, …

Modeling Connector Contact Condition Using A Contact Failure Model With Equivalent Inductance, Yu Ichi Hayashi, Songping Wu, Jun Fan, Takaaki Mizuki, Hideaki Sone

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

It is found from previous studies on the immunity issues of CATV coaxial cables due to contact failure that, when contact resistance is small, the contact distribution and the number of contact points become factors that affect the degradation in immunity of the cables. However, when contact resistance is relatively large, the effects of the contact distribution and the number of contact points are negligible. in this paper, the physics of this phenomenon is further studied. Simulation results, validated by measurement, reveal that the contact distribution and the number of contact points contribute to parasitic inductances that could change the …

Equivalent Circuit Models For Evaluation Of Bandgap Limits For Planar Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures, Francesco De Paulis, Leo Raimondo, Antonio Orlandi, Liehui Ren, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this work different physic based equivalent lumped element circuits models representing planar EBG structures are developed. their results, in terms of evaluation of the lower and upper limits of the bandgap, are compared with a three-dimensional simulation considered as reference. Guidelines for the use of these models for their use in planar EBG design are developed. ©2010 IEEE.

Extracting Physical Ic Models Using Near-Field Scanning, Zhenwei Yu, Jayong Koo, Jason A. Mix, Kevin Slattery, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Accurate modeling of chip and chip-package is critical for EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) and RFI (RF Interference) analysis and prediction. in this paper, a model based on an array of dipoles from near-field measurement is proposed. a simple active circuit is simulated in a 3-D full-wave simulation tool, and the dipole model is calculated from the near-field data in the simulation using inverse method with regularization technique. This model has clear physical meaning, and it is validated using field at another place. ©2010 IEEE.

An Equivalent Three-Dipole Model For Ic Radiated Emissions Based On Tem Cell Measurements, Siming Pan, Jingook Kim, Sungnam Kim, Jaesu Park, Heoncheol Oh, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An equivalent dipole model is proposed in this paper to represent the source of radiated electromagnetic emissions from an integrated circuit (IC). the height of an IC is usually much smaller than its length and width, so only three dipole moments are sufficient to characterize an IC in terms of its electromagnetic emissions. the dipole moments can be extracted from three TEM cell measurements. the radiated fields from the IC can then be calculated based on the extracted dipole sources. This IC emission model with three dipole moments is validated using the far-field measurements in a semi anechoic chamber for …

Improved Target Impedance And Ic Transient Current Measurement For Power Distribution Network Design, Jingook Kim, Songping Wu, Hanfeng Wang, Yuzou Takita, Hayato Takeuchi, Kenji Araki, Gang Feng, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An improved definition of target impedance is proposed in this paper, which is derived from the time-domain waveforms of the IC transient current and the allowable voltage fluctuation. the proposed target impedance removes the unnecessary constraint in the original definition and allows for more cost-effective power distribution network (PDN) designs for consumer electronic products. a measurement procedure to obtain IC transient current waveforms is also developed for the PDN designs utilizing power traces. the proposed target impedance and the measurement procedure have been validated using practical functioning designs. ©2010 IEEE.

A Mean-Variance Optimization Algorithm, Istvan Erlich, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Nakawiro Worawat

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A new stochastic optimization algorithm referred to by the authors as the 'Mean-Variance Optimization' (MVO) algorithm is presented in this paper. MVO falls into the category of the so-called "population-Based stochastic optimization technique." the uniqueness of the MVO algorithm is based on the strategic transformation used for mutating the offspring based on mean-variance of the n-best dynamic population. the mapping function used transforms the uniformly distributed random variation into a new one characterized by the variance and mean of the n-best population attained so far. the searching space within the algorithm is restricted to the range - zero to one …

Applying Feature Selective Validation (Fsv) As An Objective Function For Data Optimization, Siming Pan, Hanfeng Wang, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Feature Select Validation (FSV) is a widely used validation method for data comparison. FSV provides a quantitative standard to describe the similarity between two sets of data. in this paper, the application of the FSV technique is extended to data optimization. the raw data obtained from simulations or measurements are often non-ideal for further processing. Several techniques, such as data perturbation, can be used to improve the data quality in certain aspects. However, after modifications the new data could be very different to the original one. using FSV as an objective function for the optimization process is discussed in this …

Statistical Channel Modeling Of Wireless Shallow Water Acoustic Communications From Experiment Data, Jian Zhang, Jesse Cross, Yahong Rosa Zheng

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper analyzes statistical characteristics of underwater acoustic channels estimated by ocean experimental data. the baseband complex channel impulse responses (CIRs) are estimated by a time-domain least square method with sliding windows applied to long probing sequences. the probability density functions (PDF) of the real part, imaginary part, magnitude, and phase of the CIR are evaluated, and the two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used to measure fitness of the magnitude PDF to the Gamma, Rayleigh, and compound-K distributions. the second-order statistics of the channel are also investigated in terms of autocorrelation function, channel coherence time, and scattering function. the experimental …

Photolithographic Fabrication Of 3d Penrose-Like Quasi-Photonic Crystal Polymeric Templates Utilizing Lab-Made Phasemask, Faraon Torres-Lazos

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Photonic crystals (PhC) have recently become of great interest because of their potential as replacement of electronics and/or supplement to semiconductors technology. The PhC’s capability to make compact integrated optical circuits has already made possible the laboratory manufacture of an array of different types of optical waveguides, cavities and filters. The work presented here aimed to simultaneously fabricate a 3D-PhC templates employing six-beam holographic lithography. The basic procedures included recording gratings using interference field of laser sources in a photoresist coating on a glass substrate. The manufacturing method utilized only one optical element, a phasemask, drastically reducing the complexity of …

Midwave Infrared Quantum Dot Avalanche Photodiode, David A. Ramirez, Jiayi Shao, Majeed M. Hayat, Sanjay Krishna

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

We report the first demonstration of a GaAs based avalanche photodiode (APD) operating in the midwave infrared region . In the device, called the quantum dot avalanche photodiode, an intersubband quantum dots-in-a-well detector is coupled with an APD through a tunnel barrier. Using this approach, we have increased the photocurrent and reached a conversion efficiency of 12%, which is one of the highest reported conversion efficiencies for any quantum dot detector.

Global Positioning System, Vladimir Villalba

Electrical Engineering

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a navigation network consisting of 24 satellites in orbit around the Earth. This satellite system provides the accurate position of an individual in all weather conditions at all times around the world. Individuals can use GPS receivers to locate where they are, pinpoint where they want to go with any form of transportation.

The senior project embarks in a path to understand the workings of the GPS satellite system. To accomplish this task, the concepts learned in Electrical Engineering will be implemented. This report encompasses the design process and steps taken in prototyping a …

Modeling The Random Component Of Manufacturing Yield Of Integrated Circuits., David L. Farnsworth, Michael E. Long

Articles

A model is created for the number of integrated circuits that are good from each wafer on which they are fabricated. The goal is to separate the random or common cause loss from the systematic or special loss. The random loss from this type of process is modeled so that false alarms indicating systematic loss are less likely to occur and so that the structure of the systematic loss can be determined.

An Investigation Of Carrier Transport In Hafnium Oxide/Silicon Dioxide Mos Gate Dielectric Stacks From 5.6-400k, Richard G. Southwick Iii

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Hafnium oxide (HfO₂) is replacing silicon dioxide (SiO₂) as the gate dielectric in metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) structures driven mainly by need to reduce high leakage currents observed in sub-2nm SiO₂. The high dielectric constant of HfO₂ (~25) compared to SiO₂ (3.9 bulk) allows a thicker HfO₂ layer to be used in place of the thinner SiO₂ layer thereby reducing the gate leakage current in MOS devices while maintaining the same capacitive coupling provided by the thinner SiO₂. However, incorporating HfO₂ into MOS devices produces a SiO …

Degradation Specific Ocr, Subramaniam Venkatraman

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the mechanical or electronic translation of scanned images of handwritten, typewritten, or printed text into machine-encoded text. OCR has many applications, such as enabling a text document in a physical form to be editable, or enabling computer searching on a computer of a text that was initially in printed form. OCR engines are widely used to digitize text documents so that they can be digitally stored for remote access, mainly for websites. This facilitates the availability of these invaluable resources instantly, no matter the geographical location of the end user. Huge OCR misclassification errors can …

Auto Dialer Wireless Smoke Detector/Alarm System, Manny Linhares

Electrical Engineering

Smoke Detectors/Alarms save the lives of over sixty percent of people each year in the United States. Most of the existing homes are still fitted with the normal smoke detectors either running out of the 120V ac wiring or out of a 9V dc battery. These alarms are perfectly fine to alert residents if there is a fire while they are home. But for people who are away from home when a fire occurs, it would be nice if they could be alerted automatically of such an occurrence and therefore be able to act upon the event by either calling …