Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

Cetane Number Booster Additive For Diesel Fuel Synthesized From Coconut Oil, Mohammad Nasikin, Rita Arbianti, Abdul Azis

Makara Journal of Technology

To reduce NOx, SOx, HC, and particulates that produce because of using diesel fuel, can be done by increasing cetane number. One of methods is adding an additive to diesel fuel. 2-Ethyl Hexyl Nitrate (2-EHN) is a commercial additive that an organic nitrate. Making an additive in this research is used palm oil by nitration reaction that used HNO3 and H2SO4. Result of this reaction is methyl ester nitrate that has a structure looks like 2-EHN. IR spectra from research show that methyl ester nitrate is indicated by spectrum NO2 at 1635 cm-1. This result show that methyl ester nitrate …

Analogy Method Development For Cost Estimation Of Software Design, Riyanarto Sarno, Joko Lianto Buliali, Siti Maimunah

Makara Journal of Technology

The important aspect of planning and managing software development project is to estimate the cost of a project. There are several methods for estimating the cost of a software development project, and the Analogy method is a method which gives relatively better estimates. This paper shows that the modified Analogy method selects a closer project reference, estimates more accurate project effort and cost. This study enhances the cost estimate technique by including valid and complete cost parameters, therefore the estimate of a project cost is better than the result of the standard Analogy method.

The Role Of Si3n4 Amorphous Phase In Nc-Tin/A-Si3n4 Nanocomposites In Increases The Hardness And Thermal Stability, Keba Moto

Makara Journal of Technology

The role of Si3N4 amorphous phase in nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites will be shown and compared with polycrystalline ZrN/Ni which has no such amorphous phase (non-composites). The presence of amorphous phase Si3N4 increases the hardness of film as well as the toughness of the bulk nanocomposites under indentation load. It has been observed that nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites films has higher thermal stability than ZrN/Ni polycrystalline films.

Biodiesel's Characteristics Preparation From Palm Oil, Tilani Hamid. S, Rachman Yusuf

Makara Journal of Technology

Biodiesel’s characteristics preparation from palm oil. Using vegetable oils directly as an alternative diesel fuel has presented engine problems. The problems have been attributed to high viscosity of vegetable oil that causes the poor atomization of fuel in the injector system and pruduces uncomplete combustion. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the vegetable oil into ester (metil ester) by tranesterification process to decrease its viscosity. In this research has made biodiesel by reaction of palm oil and methanol using lye (NaOH) as catalyst with operation conditions: constant temperature at 60 oC in atmosferic pressure, palm oil : methanol volume ratio …

Development Of Hardness Measurement Procedure For Nanocomposite Nc-Tin/A-Si3n4, Keba Moto

Makara Journal of Technology

Hardness of nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites which was determined by using two methods of measurements i. e. depth sensing method and remaining plastic indentation area that were magnified by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) lie in the good agreement. The hardness value is not influenced by the biaxial and residual compressive stress. The measurement of the biaxial stress on the substrate shows a very small value of biaxial stress as well as the constant hardness and crystallite size against annealing temperature. Therefore, the reported hardness value here is the intrinsic value that depend on its microstructure properties.

Experimental Demonstration Of Multiple Robot Cooperative Target Intercept, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Jed M. Kelsey

Faculty Publications

This paper presents experimental results for the simultaneous intercept of preassigned targets by a team of mobile robots. The robots are programmed to mimic the dynamic behavior of unmanned air vehicles in constant-altitude flight. In proceeding to their targets, robots must avoid both known static threats and pop-up threats. An overview of the cooperative control strategy followed is given, as well as a description of the robot hardware and software used. Experimental results demonstrating simultaneous intercept of targets by the robot team are presented.

Analysis On Possible Solution To Decreasing The Effect Of Non-Uniform Air-Gaps Due To Rotor Eccentricity In Asynchronous Machines, Dominic Chambega

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Rotor eccentricity introduces non-uniformity of the airgap which in turn causes additional frictional torques and losses in addition to establishing a uni-directional pulling magnetic force which is disastrous to the machine. This paper analyses the extent of the damage to the machine due to non-uniformity of the air-gap and proposes increasing the number of poles as a possible solution to arrest the effect. It is found through the analysis that as the number of poles increases the effect of eccentricity decreases.

Modeling, Fabrication, And Optimization Of Niobium Cavities: Phase Ii, Robert A. Schill Jr., Mohamed Trabia

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

Niobium cavities are important parts of the integrated NC/SC high-power linacs. Over the years, researchers in several countries have tested various cavity shapes. They concluded that elliptically shaped cells are the most appropriate shape for superconducting cavities. The need for very clean surfaces led to the use of a buffered chemical polishing procedure for surface cleaning to get good performance of the cavities. This proposal discusses the second phase of research in the second year of the project.

The first phase (starting Summer 2001) has resulted in improving the basic understanding of multipacting and the process of chemical etching. Based …

Integrating Passenger And Modulo As Learning Tools For Collaborative Engineering Education, Kalamullah Ramli, Frank Schwarz, Stefan Werner, A Halim Shamsuddin, Axel Hunger

Makara Journal of Technology

The University of Indonesia (UI), Gerhard Mercator University (GMU), the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) have agreed to cooperate as partners to develop a joint bachelor (3+1) and masters (1+1) degree, and collaborate in the research fi elds of multimedia- and internet-based learning and application level active networks. This paper describes the introduction of the Offshore Project and the extending of information technology applications to the partner institutions in this international cooperation which would very much enhance the operations of the new initiative in engineering education, which could provide students in far distance with more fl exible learning environment.

Study Effect Of Salt Washing Process On Content And Iodium Stability Of Salt, Nelson Saksono

Makara Journal of Technology

Effect of Salt Washing Process on Content and Iodium Stability of Salt. Salt washing process should increase the salt quality. It should clean the salt from sludge or clay and also reduce the impurity compound such as Mg, Ca and the reductor content. The objective of these reseach is to assess the effect of washing process on the content og hygroscopic impurities compound (Ca and Mg), and reductor content of salt. The research also investigate the water absorbing, pH, KIO3 content as function of time to obtain effect of washing process on KIO3 stability in salt. The experiment result shows …

Object Classfification In Computer Vision With Discriminant Analysis, Amir Hamzahan

Makara Journal of Technology

A robotic sensor system is always supported by a computer system called ‘computer vision’. The important concept of computer vision is object classfifi cation. In this study two algorithms for object classifi cation in this system will be compared. Firstly, A simple method that do not need complex computation and that considered as an informal method is called binary tree decision structure. This method is based on modest caracteristic decriptors of an object such as vertical line, horizontal line or ellipse line. Unfortunately this method has weakness in recognize an image that contaminated by a noise. Secondly, a more formal …

Making Alloys (Ti1 - Xalx) N Using Plasma Cvd Technique From Alcl3 Powder, H2 And N2 Gas ,With Solvent Ticl4, Keba Moto

Makara Journal of Technology

The substitution of Ti atoms by Al atoms in TiN lattice sites to form (Ti1-xAlx)N is clearly demonstrated by the coatings which were deposited on steel substrate and using plasma CVD technique. The presence of Al atoms in TiN lattice site is shown by means of XRD and EDX techniques: lattice parameters decreasing of TiN as the fraction of Al increases (XRD) and precipitation of hexagonal AlN phase (XRD) as the fraction of Al exceeding 0.8 (EDX). The hardness of these coating are just around 30 GPa, which is beyond the values reported in literatures.

Effects Of 0.25 % Mo (Molybdenum) Which Is Contained In The Ductile Cast Iron On Mechanical Properties Of Austempered Ductile Iron (Adi)., Nukman Nukman, Bustanul Arifin, Bambang Sugiarto

Makara Journal of Technology

The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of 0.25 % Mo (Molybdenum) which is contained in the ductile cast iron on mechanical properties of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI). The various temperatures and the holding times are used in the heat treatment processes. Using a given 0.25 % Mo in the ductile iron, ADI's alloyed developes a higher ultimate tensile stress value and decreases the elongation if we compare with the as cast (non alloy ductile iron). The higher impact energy value obtained at 9000 C austenization and 375o C austempering temperatures during 60 minutes holding times. The …

The Manufacturing Properties Of Galvanised Steel Sheet With Hexagonal And Tetragonal Network Of Circle Holes, Rahmat Saptono

Makara Journal of Technology

Galvanized steel sheet of 0.8 mm in thickness was drilled with circle holes of 2.5 mm diameter and spacing arranged in tetragonal and hexagonal pattern. The manufacturing properties of specimen were studied through drawing and stretching simulative test. It was concluded from the results that, at high ratio of punch to hole diameter (40/2.5), the drawing properties (LDR) of both square and hexagonal perforated sheet were slightly lower than that of solid sheet, while hexagonal perforated showing LDR somewhat higher than the square one. The stretching properties (LDH) of sheet, however, were much lower than that of solid sheet while …

Develops The Software Of Dsp Processor For The Cdma Circuitry, Arman Djohan D.

Makara Journal of Technology

This research develops the software of DSP Processor type TMS320C54X for the CDMA circuitry. This research apply two algorithms namely Mathematic Algorithm and table lookup Algorithm. From both algorithms, the research examine what algorithm have the fasted processing time and the smallest memory occupation. From the examination results the Mathematic Algorithm have 20.62 milliseconds processing time and the Table lookup algorithm have 14.08 milliseconds processing time. The Table lookup algorithm have the fastest processing time because the Matematic algorithm need the rounding process of the fi gure. Eventhough such processing time is not exceed from the 125 millisecond of delay …

Fabrication Techniques For Iii-V Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems, Jeremy A. Raley

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis studies selective etching techniques for the development of Al_xGa_1-xAs micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS). New MEMS technology based on materials such as Al_xGa_1-xAs enables the development of micro-systems with embedded active micro-optical devices. Tunable micro-lasers and optical switching based on MOEMS technology will improve future wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. WDM vastly increases the speed of military communications and sensor data processing. From my designs, structures are prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. I design a mask set for studies of crystal plane selectivity. I perform a series of experiments on the selective …

Design And Fabrication Of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Structures For Tunable Micro-Optical Devices, Michael C. Harvey

Theses and Dissertations

Tunable micro-optical devices are expected to be vital for future military optical communication systems. In this research I seek to optimize the design of a microelectromechanical (MEM) structure integrated with a III-V semiconductor micro-optical device. The resonant frequency of an integrated optical device, consisting of a Fabry-Perot etalon or vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), may be tuned by applying an actuation voltage to the MEM Flexure, thereby altering the device's optical cavity length. From my analysis I demonstrate tunable devices compatible with conventional silicon 5V integrated circuit technology. My design for a Fabry-Perot etalon has a theoretical tuning range …

Modeling, Fabrication, And Optimization Of Niobium Cavities – Phase I: Quarterly Progress Report November 20, 2001 - February 20, 2002, Robert A. Schill Jr., Mohamed Trabia

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

Multipacting is one of the major loss mechanisms in RF superconductivity cavities for accelerators. This loss mechanism limits the maximum amount of energy/power supported by the cavities. Optimal designs have been identified in others’ studies. In practice, these designs are not easily manufactured. Chemical etching processes used to polish the cavity walls result in a nonuniform surface etch. A nonuniform surface etch will leave some unclean areas with contaminants and micron size particles. These significantly affect multipacting. Further, a nonuniform etch will leave areas with damaged grain structure, which is not good for superconducting properties. Typically, the depth of chemical …

Interdisciplinary Graduate Experience: Lessons Learned, Steve Eugene Watkins, V. M. Eller, Josh Corra, M. J. Molander, Bethany Konz, Richard H. Hall, K. Chandrashekhara, Abdeldjelil Belarbi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Engineers interact in the workplace with technical peers in other disciplines at all stages of design, development, and application. Awareness of the constraints and needs of the other disciplines can be key in many situations. Such interdisciplinary activity and the associated communication are facilitated if the all participants have a solid knowledge of discipline-specific terminology and an understanding of connecting concepts. Consequently, experience relating to interdisciplinary teamwork is a necessary component of engineering education. The Smart Engineering Group at the University of Missouri-Rolla was established to conduct interdisciplinary research and to create interdisciplinary educational resources. The topical interest area is …

Adaptive Critic-Based Neural Network Controller For Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Unknown Deadzones, Pingan He, Jagannathan Sarangapani, S. N. Balakrishnan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A multilayer neural network (NN) controller in discrete-time is designed to deliver a desired tracking performance for a class of nonlinear systems with input deadzones. This multilayer NN controller has an adaptive critic NN architecture with two NNs for compensating the deadzone nonlinearity and a third NN for approximating the dynamics of the nonlinear system. A reinforcement learning scheme in discrete-time is proposed for the adaptive critic NN deadzone compensator, where the learning is performed based on a certain performance measure, which is supplied from a critic. The adaptive generating NN rejects the errors induced by the deadzone whereas a …

Modeling, Fabrication, And Optimization Of Niobium Cavities: Phase Ii Second Quarterly Report, Robert A. Schill Jr., Mohamed Trabia

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

Niobium cavities are important parts of the integrated NC/SC high-power linacs. Over the years, researchers in several countries have tested various cavity shapes. They concluded that elliptically shaped cells are the most appropriate shape for superconducting cavities. The need for very clean surfaces lead to the use of a buffered chemical polishing produce for surface cleaning to get good performance of the cavities. Up to this point, the second phase has resulted in the design of an experimental setup for the fluid flow experiment. Other experimental activities include the evaluation of a vacuum system are underway. Little reportable progress has …

Modeling, Fabrication, And Optimization Of Niobium Cavities, Robert A. Schill Jr., Mohamed Trabia, Yitung Chen

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

All technologies for the transmutation of nuclear waste require a large source of neutrons. One of the principal methods of generating these neutrons is by using a particle accelerator to bombard a heavy metal target. One of the more promising designs for particle accelerators for transmutation systems is the Superconducting Radio Frequency (RF) high-current linear accelerator (linac). The power supplies for these systems have three major components: niobium cavities, power couplers, and cryomodules. This research project will develop models to predict the behavior and performance of the niobium cavities, which will then be used to design and optimize the superconducting …

Nitriding Of Titanium By Inductively Coupled Plasma, Abdul Hakim Hashim

Student Works (2000-2009)

A RF planar coil inductively coupled plasma syslem (ICP) is used in this project to nitride a commercially pure titanium substrate. The system is powered by a 600 W, 13.56 MHz, 50 Ω RF generator. The impedance matching is achieved by using an air­-core step-down transformer and a tunable vacuum capacitor. The electrical discharge characteristics of argon and argon-nitrogen admixture plasmas are investigated. Coil current, ion density and RF power transferred in the plasma at different pressure are studied. Nitriding of titanium using the system is found to be able to produce θ-TiN, ε-Ti2N and α-Ti(N) layers, as confirmed by …

Modeling, Fabrication, And Optimization Of Niobium Cavities – Phase I: Quarterly Progress Report August 20, 2001 - November 20, 2001, Robert A. Schill Jr., Mohamed Trabia

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

Multipacting is one of the major loss mechanisms in rf superconductivity cavities for accelerators. This loss mechanism limits the maximum amount of energy/power supported by the cavities. Optimal designs have been identified in others’ studies. In practice, these designs are not easily manufactured. Chemical etching processes used to polish the cavity walls result in a nonuniform surface etch. A nonuniform surface etch will leave some unclean areas with contaminants and micron size particles. These significantly affect mutipacting. Further, a nonuniform etch will leave areas with damaged grain structure, which is not good for superconducting properties. Typically, the depth of chemical …

Modeling, Fabrication, And Optimization Of Niobium Cavities – Phase I: Quarterly Progress Report May 15, 2001 - August 15, 2001, Robert A. Schill Jr., Mohamed Trabia

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

Multipacting is one of the major loss mechanisms in rf superconductivity cavities for accelerators. This loss mechanism limits the maximum amount of energy/power supported by the cavities. Optimal designs have been identified in others’ studies. In practice, these designs are not easily manufactured. Chemical etching processes used to polish the cavity walls result in a nonuniform surface etch compromising the optimal geometrical design. Past multipacting studies have not examined the impact of wall perturbations.

It is the purpose of this study to examine the chemical etching process in the design of niobium cavities so to maximize the surface quality of …

Research And Development Of A Hybrid Rapid Manufacturing Process, Frank W. Liou, J. Choi, Robert G. Landers, Vijayakumar Janardhan, S. N. Balakrishnan, Sanjeev Agarwal

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the research and development of a hybrid rapid manufacturing process being developed at the University of Missouri--Rolla. This process includes a laser deposition and a 5- axis CNC milling system. By combining laser deposition and machining processes, the resulting hybrid process can provide greater build capability and better accuracy and surface finish. The hybrid process can build some features that are difficult to build in using a purely deposition processes. The issues and related approaches in the research and development of the hybrid deposition-machining process, including laser deposition process, system design and integration, process planning, and sensor …

Empirical Modeling And Vision Based Control For Laser Aided Metal Deposition Process, Mallikharjuna R. Boddu, Srinivas Musti, Robert G. Landers, Sanjeev Agarwal, Frank W. Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper gives a brief description of the laser aided manufacturing process. Empirical models describing the process dynamics of the laser aided metal deposition process is developed based on some of the models found in the literature. These models provide the basis for process planning and real time control. An embedded vision system, a two color temperature sensor, and a laser displacement sensor are incorporated for real time monitoring and control of the deposition process. The temperature profile of the surface and geometric characteristics of the melt pool are studied to ensure consistent operation of the process.

Fuel-Saving Strategies For Dual Spacecraft Interferometry Missions, Christopher A. Bailey, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard

Faculty Publications

Separated spacecraft interferometry missions will require that spacecraft move in a coordinated fashion to ensure minimal and balanced consumption of fuel. This paper develops strategies for determining interferometry mission plans that result in significant fuel savings over standard approaches. Simulation results demonstrate that valuable reductions in fuel consumption can be realized by combining the retargeting and imaging maneuvers required to image multiple stellar sources. Fuel-optimal imaging strategies have been developed for two-spacecraft interferometry missions similar to the proposed StarLight mission using chained local optimization methods. Based on these strategies, sampling-pattern guidelines for space-borne interferometry missions have been developed.

Cooperative Control Of Uav Rendezvous, Timothy W. Mclain, Phillip R. Chandler, Steven Rasmussen, Meir Pachter

Faculty Publications

The cooperative control of timing and synchronization of tasks of multiple unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) represents a valuable capability for a wide range of potential multi-UAV missions. This research addresses the specific problem of cooperative rendezvous in which multiple UAVs are to arrive at their targets simultaneously. The development of a rendezvous manager state machine and a cooperative control decomposition approach are described. Simulation results demonstrating the feasibility of the approach are presented.

Overview Of Fuzzy Logic, Mohamed Trabia

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Presentations

The presentation includes a brief introduction to fuzzy logic and fuzzy logic controllers. These concepts are illustrated by an example of an autonomous vehicle controller.