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Articles 181 - 210 of 731

Full-Text Articles in Computer Engineering

Improving Dysarthric Speech Recognition By Enriching Training Datasets, Sophie Cullen Jan 2022

Improving Dysarthric Speech Recognition By Enriching Training Datasets, Sophie Cullen

Dissertations

Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that results from disruptions in the neuro-motor interface and is characterised by poor articulation of phonemes and hyper-nasality and is characteristically different from normal speech. Many modern automatic speech recognition systems focus on a narrow range of speech diversity therefore as a consequence of this they exclude a groups of speakers who deviate in aspects of gender, race, age and speech impairment when building training datasets. This study attempts to develop an automatic speech recognition system that deals with dysarthric speech with limited dysarthric speech data. Speech utterances collected from the TORGO database are …


Performance Of Wlan In Downlink Mu-Mimo Channel With The Least Cost In Terms Of Increased Delay, Lemlem Kassa, Jianhua Deng, Mark Davis, Jingye Cai Jan 2022

Performance Of Wlan In Downlink Mu-Mimo Channel With The Least Cost In Terms Of Increased Delay, Lemlem Kassa, Jianhua Deng, Mark Davis, Jingye Cai

Articles

To improve the performance of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area (WLAN) networks, different frame-aggregation algorithms are proposed by IEEE 802.11n/ac standards to improve the throughput performance of WLANs. However, this improvement will also have a related cost in terms of increasing delay. The traffic load generated by mixed types of applications in current modern networks demands different network performance requirements in terms of maintaining some form of an optimal trade-off between maximizing throughput and minimizing delay. However, the majority of existing researchers have only attempted to optimize either one (to maximize throughput or minimize the delay). Both the performance of …


Real-Time Stock Market Recommendation & Prediction Using Multi Source Data, Kalpana Konety Jan 2022

Real-Time Stock Market Recommendation & Prediction Using Multi Source Data, Kalpana Konety

Dissertations

Stock investors must be cognizant of both the current price of their stock and the price at which they want to sell it in the future. This does not stop investors to monitor past price patterns and apply their knowledge to the present. ’Past performance is not an indicator of future success’, as the saying goes. To put it another way, historical stock data alone isn’t enough to forecast future stock prices. Another key factor to consider in a trading strategy is the impact of market psychology. Financial data, which is a type of multimedia data, provides a wealth of …


Measuring And Comparing Social Bias In Static And Contextual Word Embeddings, Alan Cueva Mora Jan 2022

Measuring And Comparing Social Bias In Static And Contextual Word Embeddings, Alan Cueva Mora

Dissertations

Word embeddings have been considered one of the biggest breakthroughs of deep learning for natural language processing. They are learned numerical vector representations of words where similar words have similar representations. Contextual word embeddings are the promising second-generation of word embeddings assigning a representation to a word based on its context. This can result in different representations for the same word depending on the context (e.g. river bank and commercial bank). There is evidence of social bias (human-like implicit biases based on gender, race, and other social constructs) in word embeddings. While detecting bias in static (classical or non-contextual) word …


Hybridization Of Biologically Inspired Algorithms For Discrete Optimisation Problems, Elihu Essian-Thompson Jan 2022

Hybridization Of Biologically Inspired Algorithms For Discrete Optimisation Problems, Elihu Essian-Thompson

Dissertations

In the field of Optimization Algorithms, despite the popularity of hybrid designs, not enough consideration has been given to hybridization strategies. This paper aims to raise awareness of the benefits that such a study can bring. It does this by conducting a systematic review of popular algorithms used for optimization, within the context of Combinatorial Optimization Problems. Then, a comparative analysis is performed between Hybrid and Base versions of the algorithms to demonstrate an increase in optimization performance when hybridization is employed.


A Knowledge-Based Model For Context-Aware Smart Service Systems, Thang Le Dinh, Thanh Thoa Pham Thi, Cuong Pham-Nguyen, Le Nguyen Hoai Nam Jan 2022

A Knowledge-Based Model For Context-Aware Smart Service Systems, Thang Le Dinh, Thanh Thoa Pham Thi, Cuong Pham-Nguyen, Le Nguyen Hoai Nam

Articles

The advancement of the Internet of Things, big data, and mobile computing leads to the need for smart services that enable the context awareness and the adaptability to their changing contexts. Today, designing a smart service system is a complex task due to the lack of an adequate model support in awareness and pervasive environment. In this paper, we present the concept of a context-aware smart service system and propose a knowledge model for context-aware smart service systems. The proposed model organizes the domain and context-aware knowledge into knowledge components based on the three levels of services: Services, Service system, …


Transferring Studies Across Embodiments: A Case Study In Confusion Detection, Na Li, Robert J. Ross Jan 2022

Transferring Studies Across Embodiments: A Case Study In Confusion Detection, Na Li, Robert J. Ross

Articles

Human-robot studies are expensive to conduct and difficult to control, and as such researchers sometimes turn to human-avatar interaction in the hope of faster and cheaper data collection that can be transferred to the robot domain. In terms of our work, we are particularly interested in the challenge of detecting and modelling user confusion in interaction, and as part of this research programme, we conducted situated dialogue studies to investigate users' reactions in confusing scenarios that we give in both physical and virtual environments. In this paper, we present a combined review of these studies and the results that we …


A Systematic Review Of How Cloud Infrastructure And Gdpr Have Affected Digital Investigations In A Multinational Business Context, Stuart Fraser, A.Omar Portillo-Dominguez Jan 2022

A Systematic Review Of How Cloud Infrastructure And Gdpr Have Affected Digital Investigations In A Multinational Business Context, Stuart Fraser, A.Omar Portillo-Dominguez

Other

With cloud infrastructure becoming an ever more popular platform for business network implementations, and with ever-tightening data protection regulation, the ability to carry out digital investigations has become more difficult. This has led to areas of research that have looked to restore the balance to digital investigations in this environment. These areas include the use of blockchain, data tracing, and digital forensics as a service. With so many methods to consider, this article looks at how each method aims to return the balance and make it possible to carry out an investigation that complies with new privacy regulations (e.g., the …


Development Of An Explainability Scale To Evaluate Explainable Artificial Intelligence (Xai) Methods, Stephen Mccarthy Jan 2022

Development Of An Explainability Scale To Evaluate Explainable Artificial Intelligence (Xai) Methods, Stephen Mccarthy

Dissertations

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an area of research that develops methods and techniques to make the results of artificial intelligence understood by humans. In recent years, there has been an increased demand for XAI methods to be developed due to model architectures getting more complicated and government regulations requiring transparency in machine learning models. With this increased demand has come an increased need for instruments to evaluate XAI methods. However, there are few, if none, valid and reliable instruments that take into account human opinion and cover all aspects of explainability. Therefore, this study developed an objective, human-centred questionnaire …


Evaluation Of Automated Eye Blink Artefact Removal Using Stacked Dense Autoencoder, Matthew Rigney Jan 2022

Evaluation Of Automated Eye Blink Artefact Removal Using Stacked Dense Autoencoder, Matthew Rigney

Dissertations

The presence of artefacts in Electroencephalograph (EEG) signals can have a considerable impact on the information they portray. In this comparative study, the automated removal of eye blink artefacts using the constrained latent representation of a stacked dense autoencoders (SDAE) and comparing its ability to that of the manual independent component analysis (ICA) approach was evaluated. A comparative evaluation of 5 stacked dense autoencoder architectures lead to a chosen architecture for which the ability to automatically detect and remove eye blink artefacts were both statistically and humanistically evaluated. The ability of the stacked dense autoencoder was statistically evaluated with the …


Scrolling Vs Paging: Reading Performance And Preference Of Reading Modes In Long-Form Online News, Richard Herlihy Jan 2022

Scrolling Vs Paging: Reading Performance And Preference Of Reading Modes In Long-Form Online News, Richard Herlihy

Dissertations

This study explores the impact of scrolling and dynamic pagination in long-form online documents on reader performance and reader experience. Previous research has produced mixed results, indicating no difference between modes, or a positive effect favouring scrolling. Recent advances in web standards have enabled simpler, dynamic, performant methods of pagination to tailor content responsively to any screen, meriting renewed study in this area. This paper uses one such method to load subsequent online news pages instantly without buffering. In an online browser experiment with 38 participants, an increase in reading speed in the scrolling mode was found at a level …


Home Energy Management System Considering Effective Demand Response Strategies And Uncertainties, Marcos Tostado-Véliz, Paul Arévalo, Salah Kamel, Hossam Zawbaa, Francisco Jurado Jan 2022

Home Energy Management System Considering Effective Demand Response Strategies And Uncertainties, Marcos Tostado-Véliz, Paul Arévalo, Salah Kamel, Hossam Zawbaa, Francisco Jurado

Articles

Nowadays, load serving entities require more active participation from consumers. In this context, demand response programs and home energy management systems play a crucial role in achieving multiple goals such as peak clipping. However, the adoption of demand response initiatives typically has a negative impact on the monetary expenditures of the users. This way, a demand response program should be as effective as possible to make the different goals more easily achievable without compromising the financial requirements of the users. This paper develops a home energy management system that incorporates three novel effective demand response strategies. The effectiveness of the …


Human Mental Workload: A Survey And A Novel Inclusive Definition, Luca Longo, Christopher D. Wickens, Gabriella Hancock, P.A. Hancock Jan 2022

Human Mental Workload: A Survey And A Novel Inclusive Definition, Luca Longo, Christopher D. Wickens, Gabriella Hancock, P.A. Hancock

Articles

Human mental workload is arguably the most invoked multidimensional construct in Human Factors and Ergonomics, getting momentum also in Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics. Uncertainties exist in its characterization, motivating the design and development of computational models, thus recently and actively receiving support from the discipline of Computer Science. However, its role in human performance prediction is assured. This work is aimed at providing a synthesis of the current state of the art in human mental workload assessment through considerations, definitions, measurement techniques as well as applications, Findings suggest that, despite an increasing number of associated research works, a single, reliable and …


Deep Residual Policy Reinforcement Learning As A Corrective Term In Process Control For Alarm Reduction: A Preliminary Report, Ammar N. Abbas, Georgios C. Chasparis, John Kelleher Jan 2022

Deep Residual Policy Reinforcement Learning As A Corrective Term In Process Control For Alarm Reduction: A Preliminary Report, Ammar N. Abbas, Georgios C. Chasparis, John Kelleher

Articles

Conventional process controllers (such as proportional integral derivative controllers and model predictive controllers) are simple and effective once they have been calibrated for a given system. However, it is difficult and costly to re-tune these controllers if the system deviates from its normal conditions and starts to deteriorate. Recently, reinforcement learning has shown a significant improvement in learning process control policies through direct interaction with a system, without the need of a process model or the system characteristics, as it learns the optimal control by interacting with the environment directly. However, developing such a black-box system is a challenge when …


Ensemble Approach To The Semantic Segmentation Of Satellite Images, Brendan Kent Jan 2022

Ensemble Approach To The Semantic Segmentation Of Satellite Images, Brendan Kent

Dissertations

Automatic classification and segmentation of land use land cover(LULC) is extremely important for understanding the relationship between humans and nature. Human pressures on the environment have drastically accelerated in the last decades, risking biodiversity and ecosystem services. Remote sensing via satellite imagery is an excellent tool to study LULC. Research has shown that deep learning encoder-decoder architectures have achieved worthy results in the area of LULC, however the application of an ensemble approach has not been well quantified. Studies have shown it to be useful in the area of medical imaging. Ensembling by pooling together predictions to produce better predictions …


An Analysis On Network Flow-Based Iot Botnet Detection Using Weka, Cian Porteous Jan 2022

An Analysis On Network Flow-Based Iot Botnet Detection Using Weka, Cian Porteous

Dissertations

Botnets pose a significant and growing risk to modern networks. Detection of botnets remains an important area of open research in order to prevent the proliferation of botnets and to mitigate the damage that can be caused by botnets that have already been established. Botnet detection can be broadly categorised into two main categories: signature-based detection and anomaly-based detection. This paper sets out to measure the accuracy, false-positive rate, and false-negative rate of four algorithms that are available in Weka for anomaly-based detection of a dataset of HTTP and IRC botnet data. The algorithms that were selected to detect botnets …


Dark Patterns: Effect On Overall User Experience And Site Revisitation, Deon Soul Calawen Jan 2022

Dark Patterns: Effect On Overall User Experience And Site Revisitation, Deon Soul Calawen

Dissertations

Dark patterns are user interfaces purposefully designed to manipulate users into doing something they might not otherwise do for the benefit of an online service. This study investigates the impact of dark patterns on overall user experience and site revisitation in the context of airline websites. In order to assess potential dark pattern effects, two versions of the same airline website were compared: a dark version containing dark pattern elements and a bright version free of manipulative interfaces. User experience for both websites were assessed quantitatively through a survey containing a User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) and a System Usability Scale …


Evaluating The Performance Of Vision Transformer Architecture For Deepfake Image Classification, Devesan Govindasamy Jan 2022

Evaluating The Performance Of Vision Transformer Architecture For Deepfake Image Classification, Devesan Govindasamy

Dissertations

Deepfake classification has seen some impressive results lately, with the experimentation of various deep learning methodologies, researchers were able to design some state-of-the art techniques. This study attempts to use an existing technology “Transformers” in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) which has been a de-facto standard in text processing for the purposes of Computer Vision. Transformers use a mechanism called “self-attention”, which is different from CNN and LSTM. This study uses a novel technique that considers images as 16x16 words (Dosovitskiy et al., 2021) to train a deep neural network with “self-attention” blocks to detect deepfakes. It creates …


An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Subjective Mental Workload And Objective Indicators Of User Activity, Greg Byrne Jan 2022

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Subjective Mental Workload And Objective Indicators Of User Activity, Greg Byrne

Dissertations

Whilst the concept of physical workload is intuitively understood and readily applicable in system design, the same cannot be said of mental workload (MWL), despite its importance in our increasingly technological society. Despite its origin in the mid 20th century, the very concept of ”mental workload” is still a topic of debate in the literature, although it can be loosely defined as “the amount of mental work necessary for a person to complete a task” (Miller, 1956; Longo, 2014). Several methods have been utilized to measure of MWL, including physiological methods such as neuro-imagery, performance-based metrics, and subjective measures via …


Direct And Constructivist Approaches For The Design Of Instruction In Well-Structured Domains: A Comparison Of Efficiency Via Mental Workload And Performance., Giuliano Orru Jan 2022

Direct And Constructivist Approaches For The Design Of Instruction In Well-Structured Domains: A Comparison Of Efficiency Via Mental Workload And Performance., Giuliano Orru

Dissertations

This doctoral research investigates the efficiency of two instructional designs: a design based on the direct-instruction approach to learning and its extension with a collaborative activity based upon the community of inquiry approach to learning. This is motivated by the educational challenge associated with the improvement of the learning phase. The goal is to investigate the extent to which highly guided communities of inquiry, when added to direct-instruction teaching methods, can actually improve the efficiency of learners. A total of 577 students participated in the experiments across 24 third-level classes that were divided into two groups. A control group of …


Kg-Cnn: Augmenting Convolutional Neural Networks With Knowledge Graphs For Multi-Class Image Classification, Aidan O'Neill Jan 2022

Kg-Cnn: Augmenting Convolutional Neural Networks With Knowledge Graphs For Multi-Class Image Classification, Aidan O'Neill

Dissertations

Computer vision is slowly becoming more and more prevalent in daily life. Tesla has recently announced that it plans to scale up the manufacturing of their Robotaxis by 2024, with this increase in self-driving vehicles being just one example, the importance of computer vision is growing year by year. Vision can be easy to take for granted, as most humans grow up using vision as their primary way of absorbing environmental information. The way humans process and classify visual information differs significantly from how current computer vision systems process and organise visual information. The human brain can use its past …


The Impact Of Emotion Focused Features On Svm And Mlr Models For Depression Detection, Alexandria Mulligan Jan 2022

The Impact Of Emotion Focused Features On Svm And Mlr Models For Depression Detection, Alexandria Mulligan

Dissertations

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental health diagnosis with estimates upwards of 25% of the United States population remain undiagnosed. Psychomotor symptoms of MDD impacts speed of control of the vocal tract, glottal source features and the rhythm of speech. Speech enables people to perceive the emotion of the speaker and MDD decreases the mood magnitudes expressed by an individual. This study asks the questions: “if high level features deigned to combine acoustic features related to emotion detection are added to glottal source features and mean response time in support vector machines and multivariate logistic regression models, would …


Evaluating The Performance Impact Of Fine-Tuning Optimization Strategies On Pre-Trained Distilbert Models Towards Hate Speech Detection In Social Media, Aidan Mcgovern Jan 2022

Evaluating The Performance Impact Of Fine-Tuning Optimization Strategies On Pre-Trained Distilbert Models Towards Hate Speech Detection In Social Media, Aidan Mcgovern

Dissertations

Hate speech can be defined as forms of expression that incite hatred or encourage violence towards a person or group based on race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation. Hate speech has gravitated towards social media as its primary platform, and its propagation represents profound risks to both the mental well-being and physical safety of targeted groups. Countermeasures to moderate hate speech face challenges due to the volumes of data generated in social media, leading companies, and the research community to evaluate methods to automate its detection. The emergence of BERT and other pre-trained transformer-based models for transfer learning in the …


Performance Evaluation Of An Edge Computing Implementation Of Hyperledger Sawtooth For Iot Data Security, Sean Connolly Jan 2022

Performance Evaluation Of An Edge Computing Implementation Of Hyperledger Sawtooth For Iot Data Security, Sean Connolly

Dissertations

Blockchain offers a potential solution to some of the security challenges faced by the internet-of-things (IoT) by using its practically immutable ledger to store data transactions. However, past applications of blockchain in IoT encountered limitations in the rate at which transactions were committed to the chain as new blocks. These limitations were often the result of the time-consuming and computationally expensive consensus mechanisms found in public blockchains. Hyperledger Sawtooth is an open-source private blockchain platform that offers an efficient proof-of-elapsed-time (PoET) consensus mechanism. Sawtooth has performed well in benchmarks against other blockchains. However, a performance evaluation for a practical application …


Examining The Effects Of Disabilities On Vr Usage And Accessibility Issues For Persons With Disabilities, Sean Williams Jan 2022

Examining The Effects Of Disabilities On Vr Usage And Accessibility Issues For Persons With Disabilities, Sean Williams

Dissertations

Virtual Reality (VR) is an emerging technology that’s popularity has been increasing at a yearly rate. Despite this, concerns about the accessibility of VR devices are ever-growing as many users struggle to use the technology, especially users with disabilities. This study analyses how different types of disabilities affect how often a user uses VR and any associated re-occurring difficulties that are related to specific types of disability. To do this, a previous survey regarding VR accessibility run by Disability Visibility Project and ILMxLAB is examined. In this survey, 79 participants who identify as having a disability answered questions related to …


On The Dimensionality And Utility Of Convolutional Autoencoder’S Latent Space Trained With Topology-Preserving Spectral Eeg Head-Maps, Arjun Vinayak Chikkankod, Luca Longo Jan 2022

On The Dimensionality And Utility Of Convolutional Autoencoder’S Latent Space Trained With Topology-Preserving Spectral Eeg Head-Maps, Arjun Vinayak Chikkankod, Luca Longo

Articles

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals can be analyzed in the temporal, spatial, or frequency domains. Noise and artifacts during the data acquisition phase contaminate these signals adding difficulties in their analysis. Techniques such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) require human intervention to remove noise and artifacts. Autoencoders have automatized artifact detection and removal by representing inputs in a lower dimensional latent space. However, little research is devoted to understanding the minimum dimension of such latent space that allows meaningful input reconstruction. Person-specific convolutional autoencoders are designed by manipulating the size of their latent space. A sliding window technique with overlapping is employed …


Modeling Cognitive Load As A Self-Supervised Brain Rate With Electroencephalography And Deep Learning, Luca Longo Jan 2022

Modeling Cognitive Load As A Self-Supervised Brain Rate With Electroencephalography And Deep Learning, Luca Longo

Articles

The principal reason for measuring mental workload is to quantify the cognitive cost of performing tasks to predict human performance. Unfortunately, a method for assessing mental workload that has general applicability does not exist yet. This is due to the abundance of intuitions and several operational definitions from various fields that disagree about the sources or workload, its attributes, the mechanisms to aggregate these into a general model and their impact on human performance. This research built upon these issues and presents a novel method for mental workload modelling from EEG data employing deep learning. This method is self-supervised, employing …


Introduction To The Special Issue On Gala Conf 2021, Francesca De Rosa, Jannicke Baalsrud Hauge, Pierpaolo Dondio, Isa Marfizi-Schottman, Margarida Romero, Francesco Bellotti Jan 2022

Introduction To The Special Issue On Gala Conf 2021, Francesca De Rosa, Jannicke Baalsrud Hauge, Pierpaolo Dondio, Isa Marfizi-Schottman, Margarida Romero, Francesco Bellotti

Articles

This special issue of the International Journal of Serious Games is dedicated to the selected best papers of the 2021 edition of the GALA conference. This edition was organized by Francesca De Rosa and her team at NATO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimen-tation (CMRE), La Spezia, Italy. Because of the Covid-19 pandemic, it was held online, for the second year. The three papers published in this special issue were first selected for a content exten-sion, so to make them suitable as journal papers, then underwent the regular IJSG peer-review process, which, on the other hand, discarded other three selected …


The Association Between Ambient Uvb Dose And Anca‑Associated Vasculitis Relapse And Onset, Jennifer Scott, Enock Havyarimana, Albert Navarro-Gallinad, Arthur White, Jason Wyse, Jos Van Geffen, Michiel Van Weele, Antonia Buettner, Tamara Wanigasekera, Cathal Walsh, Louis Aslett, John Kelleher, Julie Power, James Ng, Declan O’Sullivan, Lucy Hederman, Neil Basu, Mark A. Little, Lina Zgaga Jan 2022

The Association Between Ambient Uvb Dose And Anca‑Associated Vasculitis Relapse And Onset, Jennifer Scott, Enock Havyarimana, Albert Navarro-Gallinad, Arthur White, Jason Wyse, Jos Van Geffen, Michiel Van Weele, Antonia Buettner, Tamara Wanigasekera, Cathal Walsh, Louis Aslett, John Kelleher, Julie Power, James Ng, Declan O’Sullivan, Lucy Hederman, Neil Basu, Mark A. Little, Lina Zgaga

Articles

The aetiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and triggers of relapse are poorly understood. Vitamin D (vitD) is an important immunomodulator, potentially responsible for the observed latitudinal differences between granulomatous and non-granulomatous AAV phenotypes. A narrow ultraviolet B spectrum induces vitD synthesis (vitD-UVB) via the skin. We hypothesised that prolonged periods of low ambient UVB (and by extension vitD deficiency) are associated with the granulomatous form of the disease and an increased risk of AAV relapse.


Development Of An Explainability Scale To Evaluate Explainable Artificial Intelligence (Xai) Methods, Stephen Mccarthy Jan 2022

Development Of An Explainability Scale To Evaluate Explainable Artificial Intelligence (Xai) Methods, Stephen Mccarthy

Dissertations

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an area of research that develops methods and techniques to make the results of artificial intelligence understood by humans. In recent years, there has been an increased demand for XAI methods to be developed due to model architectures getting more complicated and government regulations requiring transparency in machine learning models. With this increased demand has come an increased need for instruments to evaluate XAI methods. However, there are few, if none, valid and reliable instruments that take into account human opinion and cover all aspects of explainability. Therefore, this study developed an objective, human-centred questionnaire …