Transportation Engineering Commons^™

Summary Of Results Of 1992 Field And Laboratory Evaluations Of Pavement Marking Materials, Kentucky Transportation Center

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report summarizes the results of data collected as part of the 1992 field and laboratory evaluations of pavement marking materials for the SASHTO Regional Test Facility. The report is divided into two volumes. The first volume presents the field evaluations while the laboratory tests results are given in the second volume. The purpose of the Regional Test Facility (RTF) is to minimize the amount of field and laboratory research testing of specific types of materials. This is accomplished by combining efforts in an organized manner to reduce the monetary and man-hour requirements of both the states and industry. A …

Analysis Of Alcohol And Speed Related Traffic Accidents In Fayette County, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

One objective of this study was to update the statistics related to alcohol-related accidents and arrests In Fayette County. The second objective was to include an analysis of speed-related accidents and citations.

The number of alcohol-related accidents in Fayette County has decreased over the past several years. The number of speed-related accidents has remained relatively constant Differences between the characteristics of all accidents and alcohol and speed-related accidents were noted. For example, there were higher percentages of alcohol and speed-related accidents involving a fixed object. Differences in driver characteristics, such as the high percentage of drivers in the 16 to …

1993 Safety Belt Usage Survey And Evaluation Of Effectiveness In Kentucky, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of the survey was to establish 1993 safety belt and child safety seat usage rates in Kentucky. Data were collected at 100 sites and combined based on vehicle miles travelled for a given type of highway, rural or urban location, and county population category. Also included in this report is an analysis of accident records evaluating the effectiveness of safety belts.

Statewide usage rates were 42 percent for drivers and front-seat passengers (over 19 years of age) and 61 percent for children under four years of age (front and rear seats). Driver usage rates increased in 1993 compared …

Analysis Of Traffic Accident Data In Kentucky (1988-1992), Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report includes an analysis of traffic accident data in Kentucky tor the years of 1988-1992. A primary objective of this study was to determine average accident statistics tor Kentucky highways. Average and critical numbers and rates at accidents were calculated for various types of highways in rural and urban areas. These data can be used in Kentucky's procedure to identify locations that have abnormal rates or numbers of accidents.

Another objective of this study was to provide data which can be used in the preparation of the problem identification portion of Kentucky's Annual Highway Safety Plan. County and city …

Evaluation Of The Lexington-Fayette County Safety Belt Ordinance, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A mandatory safety belt ordinance was enacted in Fayette County with an effective date of July 1, 1990. One objective of this study was to conduct usage surveys after the ordinance had been in effect for approximately three years. This would allow comparisons to be made of safety belt usage before and immediately after the effective date of the ordinance to that found a substantial time period after enactment of the ordinance. A second objective of the study was to compere accident data before and after the ordinance became effective. The would allow an analysis of the effect the ordinance …

Seismic Analysis Of The Brent-Spence Bridge, Issam E. Harik, David L. Allen, Ronald L. Street, Meiwan Guo, R. Clark Graves, Jack A. Harison, Mark J. Gawry

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report presents the findings of a seismic evaluation of the Brent-Spence bridge. The bridge is a double-deck cantilever through truss which was constructed in 1961; it is a critical highway link conveying 1-75 over the Ohio river. While not yet subjected to a moderate or major earthquake, the bridge is within the influence of the New Madrid, Wabash Valley, and Anna seismic zones.

The seismic evaluation program consisted of field testing and seismic analysis. The vibrational properties of the main bridge were determined through field testing and used to calibrate a 3-D finite element model. The model was then …

Effect Of Reduced Plate Width On The Structural Behaviour Of A Triangularly Folded Plate Barrel Vault, S Manyele

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Various methods of analysis have been employed to predict the  structural behaviour of the Triangularly Folded Plate Barrel  Vault, with conflicting results. A review of past analytical  and experimental investigations carried out on the structure  show that theoretical analysis based on a smaller effective  width rather than the overall plate width is capable of closely  predicting the deflection behaviour of the structure.  This paper presents an experimental study of the behaviour of  a triangularly folded plate barrel vault with physically reduced  plate width.  It is found that physical reduction of the plate width to  correspond to ‘theoretical’ effective width weakens …

Construction Report Fhwa Special Project 202, Break And Seat Of Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement, R. Clark Graves, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This study is part of the FHWA sponsored Special Project 202, "Break and Seat of Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement" (SP-202). In addition to Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio, and Louisiana are also participating in the project. The projects were constructed under the experimental design defined in the FHWA Document "Special Project 202 Technical Resource Forum", June 6 and 7, 1989. Breaking patterns of 6, 18, and 30 inches, along with a control section which was not broken were used in each of the participating states.

The only major problem which occurred during construction occurred in the inside lane of the 6-inch …

Construction And Interim Performance Of A Pyrament Cement Concrete Bridge Deck, Michael D. Stone, David Q. Hunsucker

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Pyrament Blended Cement (PBC) is a high performance cement developed by Lone Star Industries and is a blend of 65% portland cement, 30% fly ash, and 5% trademark additive. Concrete made with PBC has been characterized by its rapid set, high early strength, and low permeability. This report summarizes the construction and interim performance of a full-depth concrete bridge deck slab constructed using Pyrament Cement concrete.

Utilization Of Fossil-Fuel Related By-Product Materials For Highway Construction In Kentucky, David Q. Hunsucker

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In an effort to increase the utilization of fossil-fuel by product materials in highway construction project, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet authorized the experimental use of several waste materials. These materials included bottom ashes, fly ash, scrubber sludge, multicone kiln dust, and residues tram atmospheric fluidized bed combustion processes. Bottom ash aggregate was used as a partial replacement for the limestone aggregate in a bituminous surface mix. Non-specification fly ash was used in lieu of Class F fly ash in a stabilized aggregate base. Bottom ash stabilized with residue from an atmospheric fluidized bed combustion process was used as a highway …

Performance Of Experimental Highway Base And Subbase Layers Containing Coal-Fired Power Plant By-Product Materials: Ky Route 3074, Bleich Road, David Q. Hunsucker, R. Clark Graves

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Three 750-foot test sections of a 22-foot wide roadway were constructed on newly constructed subgrade in May and June, 1988. The three experimental sections contained experimental base and subbase layers comprised of mixtures utilizing by-product materials from a coal-fired power plant One test section included a base layer containing residue from an atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) process, size No. 57 aggregate, and Class F fly ash. The second test section included a base layer constructed ponded fly ash, hydrated lime, and dense-graded aggregate. The third test section included a subbase layer constructed of pond ash stabilized with AFBC residue. …

Weigh Station Bypassing, Herbert F. Southgate, Joseph D. Crabtree, Jerry G. Pigman, Nikiforos Stamatiadis

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A Study was initiated in May of 1990 to investigate the problem of trucks bypassing or avoiding weigh/enforcement stations in Kentucky. A literature review identified two major studies (Wisconsin and Florida) on the subject, both of which are summarized in this report. In addition, a 1989, limited-scope study of truck bypassing of weigh stations in Kentucky was reviewed and summarized.

The primary data collection effort for this study took place in the fall of 1990, centered around the Simpson County enforcement station on Interstate-55. Three potential bypass routes were identified. Automatic vehicle classification (AVC) and weight-in-motion (WIM) equipment was installed …

Stress Evaluation Of Welded Steel Bridges On Coal-Haul Routes, Theodore Hopwood Ii, Keith J. Hogan, Christopher M. Oberst

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report describes the procedure developed and being employed to determine and assess live-load stresses in structural members of welded steel bridges on extended· weight coal haul routes. Those bridges are routinely subjected to loads from coal trucks in excess of those permitted on other routes. Those elevated loads may result in high stresses in bridge members. Of principal concern are certain weld details on steel bridges that are susceptible to fatigue cracking when subject to high live-load stresses. Seventeen welded steel bridges on extended-weight coal haul routes have been identified for investigation under this study.

The study test procedure …

Utilization And Cost Effectiveness Of Retread Tires, L. John Fleckenstein, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report discusses the possible utilization and east effectiveness of using retreaded tires on state vehicles in Kentucky. Included is information obtained from a telephone survey of local companies and two state Dot agencies. Information was also obtained from a survey conducted on the AASHTO-VAN computer network. This report also contains a cost comparison of retread prices versus new tire prices.

Accident Rates At Intersections, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objectives of this study were to determine average accident rates tor various categories of at-grade intersections and to identify intersections having high accident rates. This involved locating intersections at two or more state-maintained highways and determining the appropriate volumes to use as well as locating the accidents occurring at any given intersection.

A procedure was developed to allow tor the identification of intersections having high or critical accident rates. A list at the intersections of two or more state-maintained roadways was developed. A total of 6,707 intersections were included in the file. Using county, route and milepoint information, accident …

Evaluation Of Diamond Grade Reflective Sheeting, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this project was to monitor the performance of the diamond grade sheeting when used on both typical traffic signs and construction signs. The durability, appearance, and reflectivity of the signs were monitored. Diamond grade sheetings used on typical traffic signs were evaluated over a two-year period with construction signs evaluated over an 18-month period.

Diamond grade sheeting was found to provide increased reflectivity compared to high intensity sheeting with no problems noted related to durability or appearance. However, the cost of the diamond grade sheeting would limit its use to situations where brighter, wider-angle reflective sheeting is …

Field Performance Evaluation Of Precast Concrete Box Culverts, Aluminum Culverts, And Galvanized Metal Arches And Pipe Arches, L. John Fleckenstein, David L. Allen, R. Clark Graves

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Reported herein are the field performances of three different classes of culverts. The study included precast concrete boxes, precast arch culvert, aluminum boxes and pipe culverts, and several shapes of galvanized metal culverts. A total of 82 culverts were inspected throughout the state of Kentucky. Culverts were inspected in all 12 highway districts. A total of 15 precast concrete structures, 11 aluminum structures, and 56 galvanized metal structures were evaluated. This report discusses the distress observed in the three different classes of culverts and recommendations for future installations and possible maintenance schema for the existing culverts are included.

Enhancements To Procedure For Estimating Esals, John A. Deacon, Jerry G. Pigman, Neil Tollner, David Cain

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Kentucky's current procedure for estimating equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) was updated in 1990 to incorporate traffic data categorized by functional class rather than by statewide averages. This change resulted from the influx of data generated by automatic equipment used to classify and weigh vehicles in motion. A much wider range of geographic conditions and road conditions was sampled, and the expectation was that the data used in the estimation procedure would be more accurate as a result.

The 1990 revisions were quite extensive, and, although model calibrations using 1989 and 1990 data have proven useful, the Division of Planning …

Installation And Performance Of Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealers, David Q. Hunsucker, Edgar E. Courtney, Michael D. Stone

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Joints are needed in portland cement concrete pavements to control cracking, relieve pavement stresses due to volume change, and to protect immovable structures. However, when the joints are not properly designed, constructed, and maintained, they may become a source of multiple problems. It is the opinion of many pavement management engineers that the most effective way to prevent and/or correct problems with joints is to use a joint sealer material. The purpose of the sealer is to keep surface water and fine, incompressible material from entering the pavement joint.

The Kentucky Transportation Center was contracted by the Kentucky Department of …

Evaluation Of Truck Restrictions Using Simulation, Shaikh Mohamed Arif

Theses

Traffic congestion is a major problem in many central business districts. Many strategies have been proposed and implemented to solve or alleviate this problem. One of the most common strategies is to impose travel restrictions on the movement of trucks, without reviewing the economic consequences of goods movement restrictions on shippers, customers and on the overall business activity of the area.

This research examines the effect of various truck restrictive policies on the cost of urban goods movement, using the central business district of Manhattan as a case study. Computer simulation techniques are used to evaluate several scenarios under different …

A Planning Model For Intermodal Auto-Rail Transportation Assignment, Daniel Disario

Theses

This thesis presents a planning model for assigning trips in a corridor served by highways and commuter rail. The underlying assumption is that commuters will choose a mode (or a combination of modes) connecting the origin and destination in a way that will either minimize their individual travel times and costs (the user equilibrium principle) or minimize total system travel time and cost (system optimal principle). The model is structured as a mathematical program with a non-linear objective function and linear constraints.

The model was applied to a case study of the Raritan Valley Corridor located in Northern New Jersey. …

Development Of A Composite User Equilibrium And System Optimization Assignment Model, Kimberly M. Stump

Theses

The Urban Transportation Modeling System (UTMS) is a set of procedures used by transportation planners to predict the volume of traffic that will flow through a network, and how the traffic is routed. This paper will focus on the final component of UTMS, traffic assignment, which assigns the traffic flows to actual routes in the network.

In this paper, two composite models which model both User Equilibrium and System Optimal assignments are presented. The composite models are solved using the GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) software, a powerful mathematical programming tool. The first model was based on Beckman's Formulation, (Beckman, …

Route Fatality Risk As A Measure Of Travel Death Risk, Kopl Halperin, Jim Redman

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors examine the route fatality Risk of routes in Erie County, PA and show that some pose a disproportionately high-Risk to users. They argue that transportation safety could be greatly increased by relatively small expenditures and suggest that the most cost-effective Risk amelioration is speed limit control.

An Analytical Investigation Of Aashto Load Equivalencies, Herbert F. Southgate

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

An objective of this study was to develop procedures and/or refined relationships between Kentucky ESALs and AASHTO ESALs. Kentucky load equivalency relationships are the result of mechanistic analyses based on elastic theory. AASHTO load equivalency relationships were developed from recorded empirical data collected at the AASHO Road Test. Comparison of Kentucky and AASHTO ESALs necessarily in depth analyses of AASHTO load equivalency equations C-19, D-19, and their developmental equations given in the 1972 AASHTO Interm Guide. These equations evolved from the basic format used in analyzing AASHO Road Test data.

In this investigation, the repetitions reported in Appendix A of …

Development Of Guidelines And Performance For Asphalt Pavements Containing Rubber -- Review Of State-Of-The-Practice, Kamyar C. Mahboub, Donn E. Hancher

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This interim report provides a summary of key points that are important to successful implementation of the asphalt rubber technology in Kentucky in accordance with ISTEA. Various asphalt rubber technologies are presented in this report along with their advantages and disadvantages. Issues related to structural design and construction are discussed. A variety of environmental issues such as: emissions, leachate and issues related to future recyclability are presented. Finally, criteria are recommended to be used for selection of future asphalt rubber projects in Kentucky.

Evaluation Of Clsm (Flowable Fill) For Trench Backfill, Bobby W. Meade, David Q. Hunsucker, Michael D. Stone

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), commonly referred to as flowable fill, has been used for years as a trench backfill for utility repairs in Kentucky, but had not been previously used by the Kentucky Department of Highways (KDQH). In 1991, the KDOH awarded a contract for the reconstruction of Breckinridge Lane in Louisville where CLSM was used as trench backfill for all storm drainage. In 1992, the KDOH awarded a contract for replacement of cross drains for US 25 in Fayette County where CLSM was used as trench backfill. These two sites were monitored for field performance, cylinders were cast …

The Removal Of Lead-Based Paint From Steel Bridges, Theodore Hopwood Ii, Christopher M. Oberst

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to assist the Department of Highways in conducting bridge-painting operations involving removal of existing lead-based paint. Pertinent state and Federal regulations affecting generation of hazardous wastes, limiting environmental pollution and protecting public and worker safety were obtained and reviewed.State highway agendas were surveyed relative to how they conducted maintenance bridge painting involving lead-based. paints and comply with applicable regulations. Information from the painting industry related to sale removal of lead-based paints was also reviewed.

Based upon the reviews of applicable regulations, operations of other state highway agencies and painting industry practices, the best demonstrated …

Traffic Accident Investigation, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The information given in this report deals with the reporting and at-scene investigation of traffic accidents. The procedure to complete the uniform police traffic accident report used in Kentucky is described. Also, the proper procedure necessary to document the accident scene is described. The objective of this report is to summarize the material included in the "Traffic Accident Investigation" workshop. The workshop also included case studies which were used to illustrate the procedures for proper reporting and documenting traffic accidents. Slides were used to show traffic accident scenes in order to illustrate the proper interpretation and documentation of accident scene …

Long-Term Performance Of Flexible Pavements Located On Cement-Treated Soils, Tommy C. Hopkins, David Q. Hunsucker, Tony L. Beckham

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Long-term performance of flexible pavements located on cement-treated soils and the longevity of soil-cement subgrades are examined at sections of four highway routes. Ages of the soil-cement subgrades range from 6 to 30 years. Field and laboratory studies were conducted at each section. Generally. the soil-cement subgrades were non-plastic and were classified as SM, or sandy silt, according to the Unified Soil Classification System, although the classification of the untreated soil subgrades located below the treated layers ranged from CL (clay) to GC (clayey gravel). Plasticity index of the untreated soils ranged from non-plastic to 44 percent. Generally, the untreated …

Kentucky Traffic Accident Facts 1993 Report, Kentucky State Police

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

KENTUCKY'S TRAFFIC ACCIDENT FACTS report for 1993 is based on accident reports submitted to the Accident Unit housed in the Kentucky State Police Information Services Branch, Records Section. As required by Kentucky Revised Statutes 189.635, "every law enforcement agency whose officers investigate a vehicle accident of which a report must be made ... shall file a report of the accident ... within ten days after investigation of the accident upon forms supplied by the bureau." The stated purpose of this requirement is to utilize data on traffic accidents" for such purposes as will improve the traffic safety program in the …