Civil Engineering Commons^™

Understanding Operating Speed Variation Of Multilane Highways With New Access Density Definition And Simulation Outputs, Bing Huang

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Traffic speed is generally considered a core issue in roadway safety. Previous studies show that faster travel is not necessarily associated with an increased risk of being involved in a crash. When vehicles travel at the same speed in the same direction (even high speeds, as on interstates), they are not passing one another and cannot collide as long as they maintain the same speed. Conversely, the frequency of crashes increases when vehicles are traveling at different rates of speed. There is no doubt that the greater speed variation is, the greater the number of interactions among vehicles is, resulting …

Impacts Of Climate Change On Hydrology And Water Resources In The Boise And Spokane River Basins, Xin Jin, Venkataramana Sridhar

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the Pacific Northwest, warming climate has resulted in a lengthened growing season, declining snowpack, and earlier timing of spring runoff. This study characterizes the impact of climate change in two basins in Idaho, the Spokane River and the Boise River basins. We simulated the basin-scale hydrology by coupling the downscaled precipitation and temperature outputs from a suite of global climate models and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), between 2010 and 2060 and assess the impacts of climate change on water resources in the region. For the Boise River basin, changes in precipitation ranged from −3.8 to 36%. …

Mathematical Modeling Of Pipeline Features For Robotic Inspection, Yang Gao

Doctoral Dissertations

Underground pipeline systems play an indispensable role in transporting liquids in both developed and developing countries. The associated social and economic cost to repair a pipe upon abrupt failure is often unacceptable. Regular inspection is a preventative action that aims to monitor pipe conditions, catch abnormalities and reduce the chance of undesirable surprises. Robots with CCTV video cameras have been used for decades to inspect pipelines, yielding only qualitative information. It is becoming necessary and preferable for municipalities, project managers and engineers to also quantify the 3-D geometry of underground pipe networks. Existing robots equipped specialized hardware and software algorithms …

Fertilization Effects On The Ecohydrology Of A Southern California Annual Grassland, Anthony J. Parolari, Michael L. Goulden, Rafael L. Bras

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Nitrogen limits leaf gas exchange, canopy development, and evapotranspiration in many ecosystems. In dryland ecosystems, it is unclear whether increased anthropogenic nitrogen inputs alter the widely recognized dominance of water and energy constraints on ecohydrology. We use observations from a factorial irrigation and fertilization experiment in a nitrogen-limited southern California annual grassland to explore this hypothesis. Our analysis shows growing season soil moisture and canopy-scale water vapor conductance are equivalent in control and fertilized plots. This consistency arises as fertilization-induced increases in leaf area index (LAI) are offset by reduced leaf area-based stomatal conductance, gs. We interpret this as evidence …

Corrosion Rate Of Carbon Steel For Flowline And Pipeline As Transmission Pipe In Natural Gas Production With Co2 Content, Andi Rustandi, Muhammad Adyutatama, Enriko Fadly, Norman Subekti

Makara Journal of Technology

The purpose of this research is to investigate the corrosion rate of carbon steel as flowline and pipeline in natural gas production with CO2 content. The influence of variety of conditions that represent the actual conditions in practice such as CO2 partial pressure and solution composition, particularly NaCl percentage were performed. Research conducted by polarization test and simulation methods using PREDICTTM software. The result of this research is used to illustrate the level of corrosion rate of typical carbon steel i.e. API 5L X-52 occurred in natural gas pipelines due to the effect of dissolved CO2. From the experiments obtained …

Concurrent Engineering Of Tolerance Synthesis And Process Selection For Products With Multiple Quality Characteristcs Considering Process Capability, Mohamad Imron Mustajib

Makara Journal of Technology

The existences of variances that are very difficult to be removed from manufacturing processes provide significance of tolerance to the product quality characteristics target of customer functional requirement. Furthermore, quality loss incurred due to deviation of quality characteristics of the target with a specified tolerance. This article discusses the development of concurrent engineering optimization model of tolerance design and manufacturing process selection on product with multiple quality characteristics by minimizing total costs in the system, namely total manufacturing cost and quality loss cost as functions of tolerance, also rework and scrap costs. The considered multiple quality characteristics have interrelated tolerance …

Modification Of Flow Structure Over A Van Model By Suction Flow Control To Reduce Aerodynamics Drag, Harinaldi Harinaldi, Budiarso Budiarso, Warjito Warjito, Engkos Achmad Kosasih, Rustan Tarakka, Sabar Pangihutan Simanungkalit, I Gusti Made Fredy Lay Teryanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Automobile aerodynamic studies are typically undertaken to improve safety and increase fuel efficiency as well as to find new innovation in automobile technology to deal with the problem of energy crisis and global warming. Some car companies have the objective to develop control solutions that enable to reduce the aerodynamic drag of vehicle and significant modification progress is still possible by reducing the mass, rolling friction or aerodynamic drag. Some flow control method provides the possibility to modify the flow separation to reduce the development of the swirling structures around the vehicle. In this study, a family van is modeled …

Optimizing Fermentation Medium To Produce Cyclosporin A Using Response Surface Methodology, Rofiq Sunaryanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Response surface methodology (RSM) is a three factorial model which illustrates the relationship between one or more independent variables. RSM can be used to optimize the fermentation medium for the production of Cyclosporin A from the isolate Tolypocladium inflatum. The optimal point of the response surface area is predicted by using a seconddegree polynomial model and applying the statistic model obtained from the central composite design (CCD). The results of optimizing the fermentation medium for Cyclopsorin using the three independent variables of glucose, casein, and KH2PO4 show that all three of the independent variables affect the production of Cyclosporin A. …

Static And Impact Load Response Of Reinforced Concrete Beams And Slabs With Nsm-Cfrp Retrofitting, Nakul Ramanna-Sanjeevaiah

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The use of Near-Surface Mounted Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (NSM-CFRP) reinforcement such as carbon FRP strips holds a high potential for increasing the flexural strength of reinforced concrete members. In comparison to externally bonded CFRP laminates, NSM-CFRP reinforcement approach has several advantages. The main advantages include increased stiffness and strength, better bonding, the possibility of anchoring the reinforcement into adjacent members, and minimal installation time. Thus, the structural engineers worldwide are developing a considerable interest in practical applications of the NSM-CFRP reinforcement technique. A considerable amount of research is still needed in order to fully benefit from this method not …

The Modified Coastal Storm Impulse Parameter, Sayed Gholamreza Mahmoudpour

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The correlation of the morphological changes to the coast and storm characteristics is among interests of coastal engineers. Better understandings of a storm's potential forces ultimately lead engineers to safer designs and minimize the damages. Therefore, a need to quantify the storm potential forces to a storm parameter is evident. The desired storm parameter is to consider all the relative physical factors and is to present realistic results that then can be proven by actual nature response.

The concept of Coastal Storm Impulse (COSI) parameter was first introduced by Basco and Klentzman (2006) and is based on the conservation of …

Evaluation Of Hydraulic Conductivity Of Non Aqueous Phase Liquids In Partially Saturated Soils, Chijioke Ekeleme Akamiro

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This study seeks to investigate a problem of predicting the hydraulic conductivity of NAPLs in partially saturated soils and to relate the hydraulic conductivity to basic soil parameters that are either easy to determine or are in wide use. To evaluate hydraulic conductivity in partially saturated soils, previous researchers have focused on flow geometry, soil and chemical properties, etc. used in CHEMFLO program by Nofziger et al., (1989) and saturation equations by such authors as Van Genutchen (1980) and Brooks and Corey (1964). Among those, the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) is the most widely used constitutive relations for unsaturated soils …

Analysis Of Primary-Secondary Incident Events On Urban Freeways, Hongbing Zhang

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The objective of this study is to understand the nature of primary and secondary traffic incidents, assess their impacts and explore the implications in traffic operations, safety, and planning. To achieve the objective, a queue-based secondary incident identification method was developed and applied based on detailed incident, traffic and geometric data sets from Hampton Roads, Virginia. This identification method can overcome the limitations in earlier studies and identify secondary incidents in both road directions. An innovative event categorization defines the term "primary-secondary incident event", as one characterized by a primary incident and one or more associated secondary incidents in both …

Spatial Analysis Of Travel Behavior And Response To Traveler Information, Xin Wang

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Transportation planners have long recognized that it is urgent to integrate emerging spatial analysis with travel behavior studies. A clearer understanding of the spatial interactions among travelers and the complex environment they face has the potential to reap benefits of the ongoing technologies of travel behavior, spatial analysis and Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS).

Considering that spatial patterns have been overlooked in the literature of travel behavior and ATIS, the main objective of this research is to use robust methods of spatial analysis to enhance the understanding of how the associations between traveler decisions, built environment and socio-demographic characteristics are …

Integrating Probe Vehicles And Stationary Detector Data To Construct Accurate Cumulative Curves To Study Bottlenecks, Khairul Azfi Anuar

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Advancements in sensors technologies have given researchers and practitioners access to an immense amount of traffic data from multiple types of sensors. However, because of the diversity of the data types, developing a relationship between the different data sources can be challenging. To further complicate the issue, the presence of error or noise makes it difficult to infer any reliable conclusions from the data. To develop a relationship between different data sources, a new methodology is proposed in this thesis for fusing stationary detector data and probe vehicle data to construct an accurate cumulative curve. To remove or to reduce …

Impact Of Signal Timing Information On Safety And Efficiency Of Signalized Intersections, Anuj Sharma, Lelitha Vanajakshi, V. Girish, M. S. Harshitha

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

Signalized intersections are provided in traffic networks to improve the safety and efficiency of vehicular and pedestrian movement. There are various measures under education, enforcement and engineering headings that are being attempted to improve safety and efficiency of operations at a signalized intersection. Provision of signal countdown timer, a timer showing the remaining red and green time in a phase, is one such measure and is commonly adopted in India. However, studies on effects of countdown timer under Indian traffic conditions are very scarce. Traffic heterogeneity and lack of lane discipline makes transferability of models developed in other countries (with …

Age, Gender, And Muscle Strength: A Study Based On Indonesian Samples, Henny Henny, Hardianto Iridiastadi, Iftikar Zahedi Sutalaksana

Makara Journal of Technology

Age and gender have been commonly used as a main criterion in accepting a job aplicant, but it is usually not clear how these affect job performance. While a number of recent studies have been done that describe the relationships between age, gender, and participants capacity (e.g., muscle strength), the results have been inconclusive. In Indonesia, in particular, such issues have been rarely investigated, and it is still important to study the issue since the relationships between these factors are population-specific. This study aimed at describing the relationships between age and muscle strength among workers for both genders. Ninety-six male …

Circularly Polarized Microstrip Array Antenna For Ground Segment In Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo

Makara Journal of Technology

In satellite communication system, antenna plays an important role. Therefore, the antenna must meet some requirements, such as high gain, circular polarization, and good directivity. In this paper, a four element linear array triangular patch microstrip antenna with cross slot is designed to be used for Quasi-Zenith satellite system. A simulation study as well as experimental study was carried out. The simulation showed that the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 87 MHz (2.569-2.656 GHz) is achieved while the measured results showed 96 MHz (2.556-2.652 GHz). The linear array of 4 element antenna has a gain of 13.73 dB and …

Tolerance Limit For Trucks With Excess Load In Transport Regulation In Indonesia, Sigit Pranowo Hadiwardoyo, Raden Jachrizal Sumabrata, Mohammed Ali Berawi

Makara Journal of Technology

Reliability of a road is mandatory since damaged will impede the traffic. Destruction is caused by various factors; one of the most important factors is excess load. Overload may give the load of each axle of a vehicle exceeds the determined standard. This condition occurs in trucks exceeding the load limit. In designing the structure of a road based on the method of Directorate General of Highways Ministry of Public Works of the Republic of Indonesia, axle load calculated in equivalent-number, or known as equivalent axle load (EAL), of 8.16 tons of standard axle. Total equivalent-number over the service life …

Earthquake Damage Intensity Relationship For Residential Houses In West Sumatra, Febrin Anas Ismail, Abdul Hakam, Fauzan Fauzan

Makara Journal of Technology

The Sumatra 30 September 2009 earthquake has damaged hundred thousand buildings in West Sumatra Province. The earthquake is located in 100 km offshore of Padang City, the Capital City of the province. Survey has been conducted to assess the damage of the building in few days after the earthquake. In this survey, the damage of buildings are categorised into 3 level that are heavily, moderate and slightly damages. This paper explores the level damage of building and then the intensity of the shaking in the affected area. Then based on the coordinate of every building location, the buildings are scattered …

Evaluation Of Universitas Indonesia’S Recharge Pond Performance And Potential Utilization For Raw Water Source, Nyoman Suwartha, Resky Agaslian Pramadin

Makara Journal of Technology

Evaluasi Kinerja Waduk Resapan UI dan Potensi Pemanfaatannya sebagai Sumber Air Baku. Waduk resapan Universitas Indonesia (UI) telah dibangun sejak 5 tahun yang lalu. Namun kegiatan monitoring dan evaluasinya sangat minim dilakukan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui laju resapan, dan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi kuantitas dan kualitas air waduk resapan selama musim kemarau dan penghujan. Pengukuran kedalaman muka air, intensitas curah hujan dan penguapan dilakukan untuk menentukan ketersediaan air, laju resapan, dan imbangan air waduk. Sejumlah air permukaan diambil dari waduk resapan dan sungai di tiga titik sampling untuk mengetahui kondisi kualitas air eksisting. Hasil studi menunjukkan tidak ada …

Effect Of Methanol Induction And Incubation Time On Expression Of Human Erythropoietin In Methylotropic Yeast Pichia Pastoris, Adi Santoso, Neng Herawati, Yana Rubiana

Makara Journal of Technology

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone consists of 165 amino acids and has molecular mass of 30,400 Daltons. The large quantities of these hormone required to satisfy clinical demand are currently met by recombinant expression in mammalian cell, namely chinese hamster ovary (CHO). Pichia pastoris has become popular yeast based protein production systems to substitute mammalian expression systems. P. pastoris is capable to use methanol as sole carbon and energy source. In this study, recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) protein obtained by expressing the hEPO gene in methylotropic yeast P. pastoris, strain X33. The present work was carried out to study …

Fuel Saving Strategy In Spark Ignition Engine Using Fuzzy Logic Engine Torque Control, Aris Triwiyatno, Sumardi Sumardi

Makara Journal of Technology

In the case of injection gasoline engine, or better known as spark ignition engines, an effort to improve engine performance as well as to reduce fuel consumption is a fairly complex problem. Generally, engine performance improvement efforts will lead to increase in fuel consumption. However, this problem can be solved by implementing engine torque control based on intelligent regulation such as the fuzzy logic inference system. In this study, fuzzy logic engine torque regulation is used to control the throttle position entered by the driver to achieve optimal engine torque. An engine torque vs. throttle position and engine speed mapping …

An Agri-Food Supply Chain Model To Enhance The Business Skills Of Small-Scale Farmers Using Corporate Social Responsibility, Wahyudi Sutopo, Muh. Hisjam, Yuniaristanto Yuniaristanto

Makara Journal of Technology

In general, small-scale vegetable farmers experience problems in improving the safety and quality of vegetables for supplying high-class consumers in modern retailers. Farmer Group and/or Cooperative (FGC) should be able to assist its members to meet the relevant provisions of modern retail on product specifications, delivery terms, and internal business requirements. This study proposed an agri-food supply chain (ASC) model that involves the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities to enhance the business skills of the FGC as supplier of modern retailer. Multi-objective optimization programming is developed to determine the amount and timing of supply, level of farmers training skills, quality …

Pineapple Liquid Waste As Nata De Pina Raw Material, Agus Sutanto

Makara Journal of Technology

This research aims to study the quantity, quality, ecological and economic feasibility of nata de pina production (NP) from pineapple liquid waste (PLW). The design of the study employs complete random design (CRD) with three treatments: PLW without nutrients addition (A), PLW nutrients addition (B), and PLW stored for six months with nutrients addition (C). The nata de pina’s production factors measured were weight, thickness, fiber content, color, brightness, and residual waste. The highest weight was reached in treatment B (899 grams), followed by treatment A (616.4 grams), and C (477.8 grams). The thickness of NP of the height and …

Modeling Of A New Structure Of Precision Air Conditioning System Using Secondary Condenser For Rh Regulation, Aries Subiantoro, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Feri Yusivar, Muhammad Idrus Al-Hamid, Bagio Budiardjo

Makara Journal of Technology

A dynamic mathematical model for a new structure of precision air conditioning (PAC) has been developed. The proposed PAC uses an additional secondary condenser for relative humidity regulation compared to a basic refrigeration system. The work mechanism for this system and a vapour-compression cycle process of the system are illustrated using psychrometric chart and pressure-enthalpy diagram. A non-linear system model is derived based on the conservation of mass and energy balance principles and then linearized at steady state operating point for developing a 8th-order state space model suited for multivariable controller design. The quality of linearized model is analyzed in …

Measuring Bridge Construction Efficiency Using The Wireless Real-Time Video Monitoring System, Yong Bai, Jun Huan, Seonghoon Kim

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

To enhance the efficiency of bridge construction, the wireless real-time video monitoring system (WRITE) was developed. Utilizing the advanced technologies of computer vision and artificial neural networks, the developed system first wirelessly acquired a sequence of images of work-face operations. Then human pose analyzing algorithms processed these images in real time to generate human poses associated with construction workers who performed the operations. Next, a portion of the human poses were manually classified into three categories as effective work, contributory work, and ineffective work and were used to train the built-in artificial neural networks (ANN). Finally, the trained neural networks …

Development Of Best Management Practice Design Guidance For Roadway Applications In Nebraska, Benedict Vacha

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Runoff from roadways carries pollutants which may be detrimental to aquatic ecosystems. The primary pollutants of concern for roadway runoff are solids and heavy metals, particularly cadmium, copper, and zinc. Roadway runoff falls under the legislation of the Clean Water Act (CWA) via the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). CWA regulates discharge of nonpoint source pollutants, such as roadway runoff, by issuing permits to public entities which manage Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s). Part of the Nebraska Department of Roads (NDOR) permitting requirement is to create a design guide for Best Management Practices (BMPs) tailored to remediate roadway …

Development And Recommendations For A Non-Proprietary, High-Tension, Cable End Terminal System, Ryan J. Terpsma

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Cable guardrail systems have been increasing in popularity in recent years due to several perceived benefits over the commonly used W-beam guardrail. A non-proprietary design was desired as an alternative to the many proprietary designs available. A non-proprietary, high-tension cable end terminal was necessary to accompany the non-proprietary, high-tension cable guardrail system under development.

The objective of this research project was to develop design recommendations for a non-proprietary, high-tension cable end terminal. An analysis of several cable guardrail end terminals was undertaken to identify any common features that may prove to be beneficial or detrimental to end terminal designs. Next, …

Interaction Between Electromagnetic Waves And Transport In Saturated Media, Mahsa Azad, Harlan Sangrey, Arvin Farid, Jim Browning, Elisa Barney Smith

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Air sparging is one of the most popular remediation technologies. However, it is limited to a small radius of influence (ROI) surrounding the air injection well. Hence, there have been several efforts to improve its effectiveness. To study the possibility of improving the effectivity of air sparging electromagnetic (EM) waves, an easily visible analogous problem (dye transport in water) is studied in this paper. In order to quantify the effects of EM stimulation on flow of an inert, nonreactive dye in water, EM-stimulated and unstipulated dye transport experiments tests were performed and compared. To quantify this interaction, both dye transport …

Understanding The Impact Of Bead Type On Paint And Thermoplastic Pavement Markings, Joshua D. Hollingsworth

Theses and Dissertations

Each year the United States spends approximately two billion dollars maintaining pavement markings. In addition, an impending Federal policy establishing a minimum retro-reflectivity value for pavement markings has driven asset managers to develop performance models to effectively and efficiently manage these high quantity, low cost assets. Research over the past decade has sought to identify and understand the many factors influencing pavement marking degradation. Despite the fact that reflective glass beads are foundational to pavement marking retro-reflectivity, little research has specifically considered the impacts of bead type. The purpose of this study is to quantify the impact that bead type …