Civil Engineering Commons^™

The Effect Of Phosphoric Acid On Compaction And Shear Characteristics Of Pure Kaolin Clay, Bhupat Hargovinddas Mehta

Masters Theses

"The work presented is the investigation of the effect of phosphoric acid on the compaction and shear characteristics of pure kaolin. Pure Georgia kaolin clay average particle size of five microns was mixed with different percentages of phosphoric acid. These mixtures were permitted to react for varying periods of time. The results of the study indicate a notable and gradual increase in dry density of the kaolin with increasing percentages of phosphoric acid admixture. The acid admixture ranges from one up to nine percent of the dry weight of the clay. Increase in cohesion of the clay with increase of …

A Study Of The Hood Inlet And Its Possible Use As An Overflow Structure For A Sanitary Lagoon, Richard Irwin Boe

Masters Theses

"A closed conduit, such as an overflow pipe for a conservation pond or a sanitary lagoon, will not flow full if laid on a slope that is hydraulically steep unless the pipe entrance receives special attention. A steep conduit slope is necessary to insure that the pipe entrance controls flow.

The recently introduced hood inlet will permit the closed conduit to flow full, even if on a hydraulically steep slope, upon a slight submergence of the inlet crown. The hood inlet is formed by cutting the pipe at an angle so that the crown of the inlet projects beyond the …

Use Of Light-Weight Steel Strapping As External Reinforcing To Concrete Beams, John O. Buchanan

Masters Theses

"As a result of some recent failures in reinforced concrete construction throughout the United States, a study was made by several national authorities to find some remedial measures of strengthening existing structures without rebuilding. A system was developed, using high strength steel bands applied externally to beams, to act as stirrups, which has been highly successful. It not only greatly increased the strength of beams already in place but was used to repair members which had already failed.

The application of these bands was made under very exact specifications, using closely controlled procedures, with many physical refinements, in order to …

Investigation Of Vertical Internal Spillways, Paul R. Munger

Masters Theses

"This investigation resulted in the development of a means of predicting the discharge of water through an internal spillway type rockfill dam. From the data obtained during the various tests, equations were developed by which the coefficient of discharge for an internal spillway type rockfill dam can be determined when the core height, rock size and head causing flow are known. The equations give results with an error of less than 5%, which is adequate for engineering works"--Abstract, page 2.

Effect Of Deflections For A Flat Plate By Slope-Deflection-Gyration Method, William Hsin-Loo Ying

Masters Theses

"Since the procedure for the theoretical solution of a rectangular flat plate or slab is complex, many approximate methods for determining the moments and deflections of such plate have recently been developed. One of these methods is the so called Slope-Deflection-Gyration Method which is performed by means of basically well-known structural theories - slope-deflection and torsion.

For a given plate, it is assumed that the plate is to be divided up into a grid of strips or equivalent beams at right angles to each other. The joints of this grid are assumed to be rigidly intersected and be permitted to …

The Effect Of The Ultraviolet Portion Of The Sun Spectrum On Chlorine Residuals In Water Supplies, Tumkur Mohmed Ameer Ahmed

Masters Theses

"The effect of sunlight on chlorine residuals in water supplies was investigated to provide original and basic information of value to the water purification field.

Three different water systems were employed: (a) The Simplified Water System, (b) The Ground Water System, and (c) The Surface Water System. The RS Sunlamp provided an appropriate source of ultraviolet radiation. A 10 mg/1 chlorine concentration was used. The pH values of 7 and 10 and the illumination intensities of 145 and 200 foot candles were employed. Iodometric determination of chlorine residuals was the main parameter used.

It was found that the chlorine residuals …

Deformations And Bending Moments For A Building Slab With A Central Opening, Wu Ping-Yung

Masters Theses

"The adaptability of the classical slope-deflection method analysis to the analysis of uniformly loaded building slab is the subject of this study. The paper demonstrates the use of slope-deflection in computing deflections and bending moments in uniformly loaded square building slabs both with and without central square openings. The results obtained are compared with results of other methods found by other investigators.

Numerous methods have been proposed for use in solving plate or slab problems. The exact solution in the form of a fourth order partial differential equation has proved to be of value in relatively few cases where boundary …

Effect Of Lime & Cement Additives On The Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity Of A Clay Soil, Ismail Yolar

Masters Theses

"This thesis is a study to determine the values and characteristics of modulus of elasticity and the modulus of rupture of a clay soil stabilized with lime and cement in an effort to pave the way for including these values in design criteria.

The modulus of elasticity and the Poisson's ratio were obtained by sonic method. Specimens were broken in flexure for modulus of rupture. Experiments were performed with; (1) untreated soil, (2) soil with 4, 6, and 12 percent cement additive, (3) soil with a 3 percent lime additive and 0, 4, 6, and 12 percent cement additive, (4) …

A Study Of The Energy Dissipation And The Related Pressures And Velocities Of Cylindrical Tank Type Stilling Basin, Graham Wayne Wood

Masters Theses

"In all hydraulic structures that hold back water, whether for the purpose of power, irrigation or flood control, all must have some means of dissipating the energy that is produced by the movement of the water from the pond or reservoir to the tailrace. The method of dissipation depends largely on downstream conditions, terrain and economics. The dissipator is to prevent scour and the undermining of the dam itself. The construction of any type dissipator should be the best one available for the least cost of construction. However, space limitations may dictate another type of dissipator. It has been recommended …

Effects Of Solids On Friction Factor In A Sand-Water Mixture, Frank J. Capek

Masters Theses

"At the present time various industries in both the United States and Europe are very interested in using pipelines as a means of transporting solids. The pumping of solids in pipelines isn't new, however, many of the pipelines in use today were constructed on an empirical basis. This is primarily due to the lack of knowledge concerning the flow properties in fluid-solid mixtures and slurries. With this need for fundamental information in mind, the author made a study on the effect solids have on the friction factor in fluid-solid mixtures.

In this paper various percentages of fine and coarse sand …

Effect Of Leaching On The Strength Properties Of A Hydrated Lime-Cement Stabilized Soil., Yurdakul Osman Ulugonul

Masters Theses

"The stabilization of soil has been carried on since early historic times. The Romans used lime and volcanic ash as additives for this purpose. After the discovery of cement and its property of bonding soil particles it became one of the essential additives in the soil stabilization field. Many other kinds of additives have been developed and are being used today for soil stabilization.

A question that arises through the increasing use of stabilizers in soil is whether the changes that are effected are of a temporary or permanent nature. Changes may occur from the degradation of the stabilized soil …

Deflections Of Two-Way Slabs, Gerald C. Godzwon

Masters Theses

"A reinforced concrete member is by no means a truly elastic member, hence all ordinary deflection calculations relating to it, whichever method, are approximate. By the use of model study actual reinforced concrete slab models, of different end conditions, were built and tested for deflections under uniform loadings. Theoretical and actual deflection of reinforced concrete slabs are compared. The results of these tests indicate that the theoretical deflection equations may be 60 to 80 percent in error when applied to reinforced concrete slabs"--Abstract, page 2.

Effects Of Co2 On The Strength Of Lime Treated Clay Soil, Tuncer Karakurt

Masters Theses

“A large number of the difficulties encountered in highway work are due to the variable nature of soils. In addition to its variable nature, soil is a difficult material to deal with because of the complexity of its physical and chemical properties. From prehistoric times the construction of a satisfactory foundation has been one of the greatest problems facing the engineer and builder. Even though the needs of scientific methods were necessary far earlier, the study of soils as a construction material was scientifically given attention to only during the last three decades. Soil science being so young there are …

The Evaluation Of The Influence Of Large Aggregate On The Permeability Of Single-Grained Soils, Edward Clayton Grubbs

Masters Theses

"Each year many earth fill structures are designed and built with the primary purpose of impounding water. As these structures are only relatively impervious, engineers must consider the control of seepage in design. In order to predict seepage, the engineer must have knowledge of the potential flow or water through the earthen structure. He is, therefore, faced with the problem of determining a coefficient of permeability for use in design calculations.

The coefficient of permeability is easily enough determined for fine-grained materials. However, in construction it is very rare to find proper fill material which does not include quite a …

A Method Of Design For Spiral Reinforced, Eccentrically Loaded, Concrete Columns, Lloyd O. Senter

Masters Theses

"This thesis presents a method of designing spiral reinforced, eccentrically loaded, concrete columns on the basis of the 1957 American Association of State Highway Officials specifications.

Equations from AASHO, in conjunction with equations derived in this thesis, are programmed for and solved by the IBM 650 digital computer. The data obtained from the computer is plotted such that, given the normal load and moment on a column, the minimum required area or reinforcing steel may be read directly from the graph.

The derivation or equations, the computer program, and the graphs are included in the thesis"--Introduction, page 1.

A Study Of The Inlet Characteristics And Entrance Losses Of Pipe Culvert With A Flush Mounted, Sharp Edged Inlet, Luke Lea Callaway Jr.

Masters Theses

"Of all hydraulic structures, culverts are by far the most numerous. Lack of understanding of the functioning of culverts has resulted in many of them being implaced improperly and as a result, they function with less efficiency and at reduced capacity. Much has been written regarding the flow of water in open channels, culverts included, but little has been done regarding inlet conditions. It is necessary in the design of culverts, as with any other structure, that conditions which govern the operation of the structure be established. This paper is a study of the inlet conditions of a circular cross …

A Study Of The Feasibility Of Stabilizing Putman Soil With Hydrated Lime And Portland Cement In Combination, John Henry Kern

Masters Theses

"This paper is the report of a feasibility study of the combined use of hydrated lime and portland cement to stabilize the troublesome Putnam soil of northern Missouri. In its natural state, this soil is highly plastic, possesses great shrinkage and swell characteristics when the moisture content is changed and is classified as an A-7-5 soil by the A. A. S. H. O. Standards for the Classification of Highway Subgrade Materials.

During the course of this investigation, the following tests were performed: (1) Moisture-Density Relationships for soil with admixtures; (2) Triaxial Compression Test; (3) Unconfined Compression Tests; (4) Freeze-Thaw Tests; …

A Study Of The Reaction Of Hydrated Lime With Pure Clay (Kaolin) In Clay Stabilization, Chiyyarath Velayudhan Girijavallabhan

Masters Theses

"The work presented is the investigation of the reaction of pure Kaolinite clay with hydrated lime in clay stabilization. Pure Kaolin clay, ranging from one micron to five microns in size, was mixed with calcium hydroxide in the form of a paste. These mixtures were permitted to react for varying periods of time. An attempt was made to separate the lime from clay lime mixture by density separation using a mixed solution of carbon tetrachloride and tetrabromoethane. Since the above method failed because of the formation of a yellow gelatinous suspension, the lime was removed by washing the clay lime …

Investigation Of Economic Design Procedure For A Rigid Frame, Richard S. Groner

Masters Theses

"This work presents an analysis of various arrangements of component parts of a rigid frame. From this analysis a procedure is indicated for a logical choice of member sizes for a first trial selection of a frame for given loading conditions. The first trial solution yields a frame which is in the range of an economical design"--Abstract, page 2.

The Conducting Sheet Analogy For Laplace And Poisson Equations, Ronald Edward Volker

Masters Theses

"This investigation determined the accuracy to be expected with conducting sheet analogy solutions for Laplace and Poisson equations using simple and relatively inexpensive instrumentation. Several problems were solved experimentally and compared to known theoretical solutions to check variables in the technique and the accuracy of the experimental solution. It was found that if proper procedures are followed, solutions can be obtained rather rapidly and with an error of less than 5% which compares favorably with accuracy obtained by other investigators with more complex, precise equipment"--Abstract, page 2.

Effect Of A Lime-Cement Additive On The Physical Properties Of A Podzolic Clay Soil, Raymond H. Frankenberg

Masters Theses

"The object of this research is to obtain data and information from laboratory tests concerning the effect of combined lime and cement additives on the physical properties of illitic clay soils"--Introduction, page 3.

Properties Of Air-Entrained Concrete At Early Ages, Ugur Ozoguz

Masters Theses

"This study, entitled "Properties of Air-Entrained Concrete at Early Ages" concerns a group of tests designed to provide quantitative information regarding the effect of entrained air on the strength and durability of concrete before it reaches its 28 day strength.

Experiences in the field and laboratories have demonstrated that the addition of a moderate amount of air to any concrete mix will bring a marked increase in resistance to the disintegrating effects of freezing and thawing.

There have been extensive studies made on the subject of durability of air entrained concrete. Most of these studies were based on the effect …

Design Of Vierendeel Trusses, Richard Denis Pearson

Masters Theses

"The Vierendeel Truss, or Rigid Frame Truss, was first introduced by Professor Arthur Vierendeel in Belgium at the beginning of the century. The Vierendeel Truss differs from the more common triangulated truss in that it contains no diagonal members. The members of the truss are joined rigidly together and each member is required to transmit bending, shear and direct stress.

Professor Vierendeel claimed that Vierendeel Trusses are 20 to 30 percent cheaper than the conventional type of truss. This statement has been challenged by many who believe that this type of truss is fundamentally inferior to the more conventional type. …

The Effects Of Fly-Ash On Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity Of A Concrete Mortar, Bill L. Atchley

Masters Theses

"Over the last few years an increasing amount of interest has been shown in the use of prestressed concrete. As is true in many new methods of design or construction, the properties of existing materials to be used sometimes fail to meet all the desirable characteristics, and certain modifications might be advantageous. This is certainly true of prestressed concrete design and construction, in which a lower modulus of elasticity accompanied by a minimum loss in strength would be desirable. If a lower modulus of elasticity could be obtained for concrete, a lower prestressing load could be used and still maintain …

Stabilization Of Swelling Clay Soil By Additions Of Calcium Hydroxide And Calcium Oxide, Anthony Diler

Masters Theses

"As a study of all types of stabilization would be very lengthy, it was decided to make the object of this research the determination of the effect of the addition of different percentages of calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)₂ on the physical characteristics of a silty swelling sodium montmorillionite clay. The purpose of this addition is to flocculate the clay by utilizing a base exchange between the sodium and calcium ions, and thus change the physical characteristics of the soil. The soil by itself has the characteristics of a fat clay, that is it can be broken …

Field Application Of The Membrane Filter Method For Bacteriological Quality Determination Of Water, Charles Liston Gambill

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the definite advantages to be realized when using the membrane filter method as an accepted procedure for the bacteriological analysis of a water; and specifically when used under emergency or field conditions such as military units in the field. These same advantages would apply to Civil Defense and other such agencies when operating under emergency or field conditions.

Data from actual tests showing techniques, equipment and procedures used and augmented by other data available from research papers will be utilized"--Introduction, page 2.

Design Of Plain Concrete Runways And Taxiways Of A Class 4 Airport, Erkmen Erkmen

Masters Theses

"This thesis is a study for determining the most economical design for the pavements of Adana Airport. It is a study of redesigning efficient and safe runways and necessary taxiways for a future service life of thirty years.

Adana is Turkey’s 6th largest city. It is a growing city. An airport in Adana also serves tor industrial purposes, serves for transcontinental airway systems. In Adana there is an important Nato Base and in a future war such an airport can be used for military purposes. For these reasons, it was decided to construct a class 4 airport* for the city. …

Effect Of Concrete Shrinkage On Stresses In Reinforcing Steel, C. Raymond Nowacki

Masters Theses

"Shrinkage is one of four phenomena that are considered as causing volume changes in concrete, the other three being creep, temperature change effects, and possible chemical disintegration. While all four are interrelated, the volume change due to loss of moisture is associated with the term shrinkage. Creep is the time-dependent change in volume resulting from external loads. A rise or fall of temperature will produce an expansion or contraction of concrete but also will affect the rate of shrinkage by increasing or decreasing the rate of moisture evaporation from the surface of the concrete.

In the design of concrete structures, …

Effect Of Hydrated Lime And Portland Cement On The Physical Properties Of Clay Soil For Highway Base Construction, Judson Leong

Masters Theses

"The intent of this research is to determine the change in physical properties of a clay soil caused by the addition of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 percent of hydrated lime and portland cement. The effects of these admixtures on the physical properties of the soil were observed by comparing the results of various laboratory tests. The properties chosen for comparison were: (1) liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index; (2) shrinkage limit and shrinkage ratio; (3) density and optimum moisture; (4) resistance to penetration; (5) compressive strength and (6) cohesion and angle of internal friction. In order to …

Physical Properties Of Concrete At Early Ages, Karl H. Dunn

Masters Theses

"There are well over 100,000 miles of concrete pavements existing today on our United States highway system. The development of these pavements during the first half of this century has been a process of learning from construction applications and mistakes. However, the unexpected increase in traffic load has brought highway designers to experiment with relatively new types and designs of concrete pavement construction.

Some designers, in an effort to reduce temperature warping stresses, have used short slabs 10 to 15 feet in length, generally unreinforced. Another type of construction is the definitely jointed slabs, the slabs being from 20 to …