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Articles 181 - 210 of 677
Full-Text Articles in Civil Engineering
A Decision Support System For Success Of Post-Hurricane Reconstruction Of Transportation Infrastructures, Elnaz Safapour
A Decision Support System For Success Of Post-Hurricane Reconstruction Of Transportation Infrastructures, Elnaz Safapour
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
In the aftermath of hurricanes, when reliable transportation systems are vital, the chaotic and complex environment creates multiple uncertainties and risks in the reconstruction of transportation infrastructures. Damaged transport infrastructures decrease the timeliness of emergency responses and recovery procedures, and make it difficult for authorities, who are under excessive pressure and are struggling to find the financial resources to reconstruct them on time and within budget. The aim of this research was to develop a decision support system that would improve the cost and schedule performance, as well as reduce the number and extent of rework in post-hurricane reconstruction of …
Performance Of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Pipes Subjected To Different Environmental Conditions, Bassam Hatem Karim Al-Lami
Performance Of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Pipes Subjected To Different Environmental Conditions, Bassam Hatem Karim Al-Lami
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Performance of reinforced concrete pipes, as a major part of the water and waste-water infrastructure, plays an important role in the resilience and sustainability of today’s modern cities. Cracks may appear in these pipes due to handling and placement and might affect their long-term performance due to corrosion concerns. Current practice for quality control after installation of these pipes is quite strict and any pipe with a crack width of more than 0.01" is not approved. The goal of this research project is to evaluate the performance of cracked reinforced concrete pipes subjected to saline environments with three different concentration …
Active Transportation And Health: Understanding The Impact Of Transportation-Related Physical Activity On Health, Sina Famili
Active Transportation And Health: Understanding The Impact Of Transportation-Related Physical Activity On Health, Sina Famili
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Car-oriented infrastructure in the U.S. leads to physically inactive lifestyles and negative health outcomes. To promote physical activity, public health officials encourage active transportation, namely biking and walking on daily trips. Previous studies proved that both perceived or self-assessed and objective health measures should be used to understand individuals’ health status. Therefore, this study uses the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data to understand the associations between perceived health and modal trip features including the number of trips, trip distance, and duration for auto, public transit, walk, and bike trips. Regarding the objective health, this dissertation uses one-week walking activities …
Development Of A Structural Design Methodology For Cementitious Sprayed Applied Pipe Linings In Gravity Storm Water Conveyance Conduits, Amin Darabnoush Tehrani
Development Of A Structural Design Methodology For Cementitious Sprayed Applied Pipe Linings In Gravity Storm Water Conveyance Conduits, Amin Darabnoush Tehrani
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Culverts are important components of the highway infrastructure. They form passageways through the embankment to convey storm water. Culverts are structurally designed to support superimposed earth loads or other fill materials as well as live loads. Corrugated metal pipes (CMPs) and reinforced concrete pipes (RCPs) are commonly used as culverts in the United States. Most of these culverts were installed four to five decades ago and have reached their design life. Spray applied pipe linings (SAPLs) are trenchless technology solutions for culvert rehabilitation that prevent further deterioration, such as corrosion, abrasion, etc., and can provide structural support for severely damaged …
Advancing Hydrologic And Hydraulic Understanding And Application Through Inundation Mapping And Estimation Of Losses, Jiaqi Zhang
Advancing Hydrologic And Hydraulic Understanding And Application Through Inundation Mapping And Estimation Of Losses, Jiaqi Zhang
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Flooding is the most frequent weather hazard that can cause serious fatalities and property damages worldwide. Climate change with extreme weather has further increased the impact from flooding and brought unprecedented challenges to engineering infrastructure and design. Scientists and engineers have used models to investigate and forecast the hydrologic and hydraulic responses to environmental changes in meteorological forcing and land use. With recent advances in sensing and computing technologies, models have been reaching higher levels of spatiotemporal granularity and scale. However, gaps exist between the scientific exploration and engineering practices. This doctoral study has been conducted to bridge such gaps …
The Effect Of The Top Soil Layer On Moisture And Evaporation Dynamics, Zhen Li, Jan Vanderborght, Kathleen M. Smits
The Effect Of The Top Soil Layer On Moisture And Evaporation Dynamics, Zhen Li, Jan Vanderborght, Kathleen M. Smits
Civil Engineering Faculty Publications - Archive
Understanding the effect of the top soil layer on surface evaporation and water distribution is critical to modeling hydrological systems. However, the dependency of near-surface soil moisture and fluxes on layering characteristics remains unclear. To address this uncertainty, we investigate how the arrangement of soil horizons affects the evaporation and soil moisture, specifically, the near-surface soil moisture, through the combination of numerical simulations and evaporation experiments. The characteristics of fluxes and moisture from different soil profiles are then used to understand the soil layering conditions. Results show that the top soil layer can significantly affect the evolution of soil moisture …
Evaporation From Undulating Soil Surfaces Under Turbulent Airflow Through Numerical And Experimental Approaches, Bo Gao, John Farnsworth, Kathleen M. Smits
Evaporation From Undulating Soil Surfaces Under Turbulent Airflow Through Numerical And Experimental Approaches, Bo Gao, John Farnsworth, Kathleen M. Smits
Civil Engineering Faculty Publications - Archive
Evaporation from undulating soil surfaces is rarely studied due to limited modeling theory and inadequate experimental data linking dynamic soil and atmospheric interactions. The goal of this paper is to provide exploratory insights into evaporation behavior from undulating soil surfaces under turbulent conditions through numerical and experimental approaches. A previously developed and verified coupled free flow and porous media flow model was extended by incorporating turbulent airflow through Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The model explicitly describes the relevant physical processes and the key properties in the free flow, porous media, and at the interface, allowing for the analysis of coupled exchange …
Experimental And 3d Finite Element Analyses Of Invert-Removed Circular Corrugated Metal Pipe Culverts Renewed With Polymer Spray-Applied Pipe Lining, Samrat Raut
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
Corrugated metal pipes (CMPs) are one of the widely used culvert structures in the American highway system. Compared to other types of culverts, CMPs have shorter design life, and many CMP culverts have reached or exceeded their design life. Therefore, renewal or replacement of those CMPs is needed to ensure the safety and service of the highways. Since replacements of these culverts are costly, renewalis less costly and has been on the focus in this decade. Different rehabilitation methods have been proposed by different DOTs and the researchers from open-cut methods to trenchless technology. Since open-cut methods disturb the operation …
Flexural Load Capacity Of Heat-Treated Concrete Mixed With Recycled Glass Aggregate And Glass Pozzolan, Enrique Gonzalez Tapia
Flexural Load Capacity Of Heat-Treated Concrete Mixed With Recycled Glass Aggregate And Glass Pozzolan, Enrique Gonzalez Tapia
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
This research focuses on determining the effects of adding glass aggregate and glass pozzolan to concrete that has been exposed to high temperatures. Previous work, based on finding the recommended proportions of recycled components for optimum results, was done to analyze the effects of adding recycled glass components to concrete. Based on those studies, a replacement ratio of 30% glass aggregates and 20% glass pozzolan was used in this project. The compressive strength of concrete has been extensively studied and has been shown to increase in strength when glass components are used in their correct proportions. Less research has been …
Experimental Study Of Flexural Behavior Of Preflex Sfrc-Encased Steel Joist Composite Beams, Niraj Narendra Bankatlal Bora
Experimental Study Of Flexural Behavior Of Preflex Sfrc-Encased Steel Joist Composite Beams, Niraj Narendra Bankatlal Bora
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
This study investigates the behavior of encased steel composite beams in straight and preflex beams, constructed and tested at Civil Engineering Laboratory Building (CELB). Upwards camber is provided in the steel sections in steel angles and HSS tube in the composite beam encased in Steel fibers reinforced concrete (SFRC). Experimental procedure has been performed to study the flexural behavior of composite steel joists encased in SFRC. Compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of rupture are computed. The physical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete are calculated through testing at the UTA Civil Engineering Laboratory Building. Eighteen cylindrical (4”x8”) specimens, eighteen …
Numerical Investigation Of Concrete Breakout Strength Of Anchors In Shear Within Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Yash Hitendrakumar Patel
Numerical Investigation Of Concrete Breakout Strength Of Anchors In Shear Within Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Yash Hitendrakumar Patel
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
This study investigates the numerical analysis of concrete breakout strength of cast in place anchors in shear within synthetic fiber reinforced concrete (SYN-FRC). A three dimensional, full-scale model was developed using the ABAQUS 6.14 software. The 3D solid elements with consideration of material nonlinearities were chosen to stimulate the SYN-FRC beam anchorage. The numerical analysis was conducted with a fixed loading rate of 300lb per step to obtain the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete breakout with design-mix compressive strength of 4,000 psi and fiber volume fraction of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. An inverse analysis was used to calibrate the material …
Experimental And Numerical Study Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected To Internal Explosion, Nikhil Vasant Moon
Experimental And Numerical Study Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected To Internal Explosion, Nikhil Vasant Moon
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
This research investigates the effect of an accidental explosion of a steam boiler in a boiler room on steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) structure in an industrial facility, using nonlinear analysis in ABAQUS FEA software. The mechanical properties of SFRC are calculated through testing at the UTA Civil Engineering Laboratory Building. Steel fiber dosages in concrete at different volume fractions are examined for the mechanical properties of concrete. In total, 9 (4” x 8”) cylindrical specimens for compressive strength and modulus of elasticity test, 9 (4” x 8”) cylindrical specimens for tensile strength test, and 9 (6” x 6” x …
Examining Current State Of Practice Of Enhancing Visibility Of Winter Operations Vehicles, Wasiq Ameen
Examining Current State Of Practice Of Enhancing Visibility Of Winter Operations Vehicles, Wasiq Ameen
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
Despite precautions taken by the operators of maintenance vehicles, insufficient visibility of winter operations vehicles cause many collisions in the United States. Numerous methods have been developed to enhance the visibility of winter operations vehicles. Although the visibility of winter operations vehicles has enhanced through these methods, the consistency in the implementation of the methods for enhancing their visibility is critical to avoid collisions. The inconsistencies in the implementation of the methods confuse the public who are traveling in winter conditions when visibility is low. The confusion leads to a delay in perception time and response time of the drivers …
Toward A Seismic Resistant Steel Staggered Truss Framing System (Stf), Ra'ed Al-Mazaidh
Toward A Seismic Resistant Steel Staggered Truss Framing System (Stf), Ra'ed Al-Mazaidh
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
The Staggered Truss Framing (STF) system is a type of steel structural system used in mid- to high-rise buildings. It was initially developed in the 1960s in order to create a steel framing system that has low floor-to-floor height (9 to 10 ft.) and wide column-free space (60 to 80 ft.). This system consists of a series of story-high trusses spanning the total width between two rows of exterior columns and arranged in a staggered pattern on adjacent column lines. Due to the staggered layout, lateral seismic force transfer in the STF system is also in a staggered manner from …
Gas-Diffusivity Based Characterization Of Aggregated Agricultural Soils, J.R.R.N. Jayarathne, T.K.K. Chamindu Deepagoda, Timothy J. Clough, M.C.M. Nasvi, Steve Thomas, Bo Elberling, Kathleen Smits
Gas-Diffusivity Based Characterization Of Aggregated Agricultural Soils, J.R.R.N. Jayarathne, T.K.K. Chamindu Deepagoda, Timothy J. Clough, M.C.M. Nasvi, Steve Thomas, Bo Elberling, Kathleen Smits
Civil Engineering Faculty Publications - Archive
Grazed pastures and cultivated fields are significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, in particular N2O emissions derived from fertilizer deposition and animal excreta. Net surface emissions rely on subsurface gas transfer controlled mainly by diffusion, expressed as the soil-gas diffusivity (Dp/Do). The value of Dp/Do is a function of soil air-filled porosity (e) and gaseous phase tortuosity (T), both of which vary with soil physical properties including soil texture and structure. Agricultural soils are often structurally aggregated and characterized by two distinct regions (inter- and intra-aggregated pores), however, such soils are subjected to frequent compaction and tillage resulting in …
Impacts Of Construction Material Delay In Iraq, Omar Raad Abdullah
Impacts Of Construction Material Delay In Iraq, Omar Raad Abdullah
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
The construction industry is considered one of the most important industries in Iraq. It is well known that most construction projects in this country can experience missed deadlines and cost overruns or both. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the impact of construction material shortages and to determine the most important problems causing these shortages in Iraq. Above objectives are achieved through a literature review and a survey, which include a questionnaire used to assess the perceptions of the main participants involved in the construction of different types of projects, such as infrastructure, residential, highways and medical …
Experimental Investigation Of Utilizing Steel Fiber As Concrete Reinforcement In Bridge Decks, Samed Al Khafaji
Experimental Investigation Of Utilizing Steel Fiber As Concrete Reinforcement In Bridge Decks, Samed Al Khafaji
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
Research on utilizing steel fiber vs concrete reinforcement in bridge deck to replace more traditional reinforcing bars is sparse, therefore a research into this topic is interesting to identity opportunities for speeding up of construction by avoiding laying and tying reinforcement and verifying clear cover to reinforcing bars which is one of the most time-consuming processes involved in construction. This study investigates the efforts of steel fiber on the bridge deck from the strength and economical implementation. Four concrete mix design with vary steel fiber dosages of 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% used in this study. The physical properties of …
Assembly-Scale And Whole-Building Energy Performance Analysis Of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Uhp-Frc) Façade Systems, Bahram Abediniangerabi
Assembly-Scale And Whole-Building Energy Performance Analysis Of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Uhp-Frc) Façade Systems, Bahram Abediniangerabi
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
The majority of building energy consumption is used to heat and cool enclosed spaces. An innovative ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) façade system could potentially reduce this energy consumption by utilizing UHP-FRC’s high structural strength and ductility hence more space for insulation. The energy performance assessment of innovative façade systems such as UHP-FRC panels could be misleading if the effect of building types and climate contexts on building energy consumption is not considered. Moreover, thermal bridging and hygrothermal analyses of UHP-FRC panels are needed to investigate the heat and moisture transfer within the panels. The main objectives of this study are …
Evaluation Of The Structural Performance Of Bridge Mse Retaining Walls, Zaid Sm Momani
Evaluation Of The Structural Performance Of Bridge Mse Retaining Walls, Zaid Sm Momani
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls have been used extensively since the first MSE wall constructed in California in the early 70’s. MSE walls proved that they are reliable, cost-effective, aesthetically pleasing, and easily constructible. However, the design criteria of an MSE wall does not always incorporate the comprehensive behavior. A reasonable number of MSE walls do not perform as expected; a few experienced catastrophic failure. The current study was inspired by multiple MSE walls showing excessive movement of the precast panels in Fort Worth and Hurst, Texas. Three most critical MSE walls were selected for this study. The main focus …
Effect Of Sewage Sludge And Wastewater Recirculation On The Degradation Of Municipal Solid Waste In Bioreactors, Afroza Ayub
Effect Of Sewage Sludge And Wastewater Recirculation On The Degradation Of Municipal Solid Waste In Bioreactors, Afroza Ayub
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is the major environmental and economical concern for the world. Among all the MSW management alternatives, sustainable Bioreactor has potential to solve environmental and economic concerns related to organic waste. This potential of Sustainable Bioreactor can be enhanced by accelerated decomposition of waste. Accelerated decomposition of organic fraction of MSW can be achieved by the addition of nitrogen rich, macro and micro nutrients such as sludge and manures. Several studies have been conducted by using sludge as inoculum for degrading organic fraction of MSW in the anaerobic digester. However, this study is to compare the …
Enhancements Of Shear Tests For Asphalt Concrete, Yazeed Suleiman Jweihan
Enhancements Of Shear Tests For Asphalt Concrete, Yazeed Suleiman Jweihan
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
The measurement of the fundamental shear properties of asphalt mixes is imperative to the improvement of modelling of rutting development in asphalt concrete. The Duplicate Shear Tester (DST) is a recent device developed at the University of Texas at Arlington as a replacement to the Superpave Shear Tester (SST). It measures the average shear properties of two asphalt concrete specimens at the same time. It has ability to perform the two common SST tests: the FSCH and RSCH in according to the standard test method AASHTO T-320. Although the DST has successfully satisfied the objectives of being a reliable, inexpensive …
Physical Characterization And Evaluation Of Energy Potential For Mined Waste From Irving Landfill, Vijay Kakara
Physical Characterization And Evaluation Of Energy Potential For Mined Waste From Irving Landfill, Vijay Kakara
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
Historically landfills have been seen as the ultimate solution for storing waste at minimum cost. But, now it is a well-known fact that these deposits have numerous implications such as long term methane emissions, local pollution and many space-related issues etc. In most parts of the world, however, landfilling is the most common method to dispose waste. Even developed countries with recycling and waste treatment facilities have been no exception in landfilling. Therefore over the years, several old and operating landfills have been accumulated with an enormous amount of obsolete materials and products. To address such issues related to waste …
Driveability Of Recycled Plastic Pin (Rpp) In North Texas, Arif Mohammad Aziz
Driveability Of Recycled Plastic Pin (Rpp) In North Texas, Arif Mohammad Aziz
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
The Recycled Plastic Pins (RPP) have been extensively used as an alternative to the conventional slope stabilization methods in stabilizing shallows slope failure in Texas, Missouri, Kansas, and Idaho in the United States. The RPP provides additional resistance along the potential slip surface when it is driven into the slope and increases the factor of safety. RPPs are fabricated from recycled plastics and waste materials (i.e. polymers, sawdust, and fly ash), and is nondegradable in nature. It is found to be very useful and beneficial engineering materials for civil engineering infrastructure projects. The cost-effectiveness of using any engineering material largely …
A Critical State Approach To The Mechanical Behavior Of Early-Age Cemented Paste Backfill, Amin B. Ghorbanpour
A Critical State Approach To The Mechanical Behavior Of Early-Age Cemented Paste Backfill, Amin B. Ghorbanpour
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Low plasticity to non-plastic mine tailings are typically transported to a storage area through pipelines in form of slurry or thickened tailings. The main concern with such tailings deposits is the possibility of liquefaction and the consequent failure of the tailings retaining dams. Tailings can also be used as Cemented Paste Backfill (CPB) material to fill previously mined underground voids. The state of practice to improve the mechanical properties of tailings is to add a small quantity of cementitious materials or binder agents. Portland cement (PC) is the most common binder agent that is used to improve the mechanical properties …
Effect Of Chicken Manure On Methane Production From Msw In Lab Scale Anaerobic Reactors, Md Tauhidul Islam
Effect Of Chicken Manure On Methane Production From Msw In Lab Scale Anaerobic Reactors, Md Tauhidul Islam
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
One of the major problems of urbanization is the production of a huge amount of Municipal Solid Waste. The cities and metropolitan areas are generating more and more solid waste and these wastes are filling up the landfill rapidly. Creating new landfills after a few years is not a solution as there is not much space in urban areas. Moreover, making the landfills far away from cities is not economically viable as longer hauling distance increases the cost. In this scenario, Bioreactor landfill is a viable solution to this problem. Bioreactor landfills can save a lot of space and it …
Synthesis Of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer And Its Performance As Sole Stabilizer Of Expansive Soils, Rinu Ann Samuel
Synthesis Of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer And Its Performance As Sole Stabilizer Of Expansive Soils, Rinu Ann Samuel
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Expansive soils have been stabilized using conventional soil stabilizers such as lime and cement for many decades. These conventional stabilizers form cementitious productions that enhance the strength properties and reduce the swelling and shrinkage potential of expansive soils. However, the energy-intensive production operations of conventional soil stabilizers release substantial amounts of harmful greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In addition, conventional soil stabilizers are also prone to durability issues, which make them somewhat ineffective as long-term solutions. Furthermore, the use of calcium-based stabilizers cause excessive swelling and shrinkage in sulfate-bearing subgrade soils due to the formation of highly expansive minerals like …
Development Of A Flexible Pavement Design Protocol For The Uae Based On The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, Ammar Hassan Alalkim Alzaabi
Development Of A Flexible Pavement Design Protocol For The Uae Based On The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, Ammar Hassan Alalkim Alzaabi
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
The Ministry of Infrastructure Development in the UAE has used the AASHTO 1993 Pavement Design Guide for the design of new flexible pavement structures for many years. An improved pavement design method, called the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) was developed by AASHTO in their effort to update the empirical method used in 1993 Guide. The project was initiated by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 1-37A project. It is based on mechanistic-empirical analysis of the pavement structure to predict the performance of the pavements subject to pavement structure and materials, traffic and environmental conditions. The development allowed for …
Seismic Response And Deformation Analyses Of Earthen Dams, Leila Mosadegh
Seismic Response And Deformation Analyses Of Earthen Dams, Leila Mosadegh
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Assessment of the response of earthen structures, such as dams and levees, during earthquake events, is crucially important to geotechnical engineers. It is imperative to perform seismic response analysis to assess the stability and serviceability of these structures during probable seismic events. Before performing a seismic response analysis, an engineer or a researcher needs to select between two-dimensional (2D) plane strain analysis and a computationally intensive three dimensional (3D) analysis of an infrastructure. The 3D analysis should closely capture the behavior of infrastructure seismic response than a simplistic 2D analysis. Furthermore, a dilemma remains regarding the choice of a suitable …
Evaluation Of Fire-Affected Concrete Structures By Non-Destructive Testing Methods, Upal Mohammad Towfiqul Quadir
Evaluation Of Fire-Affected Concrete Structures By Non-Destructive Testing Methods, Upal Mohammad Towfiqul Quadir
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Fire hazard on concrete structures has been a significant concern around the world. After a fire hazard, the crucial part is the evaluation of the fire-affected concrete for strengthening or demolition. For evaluation of a fire-affected concrete structure, Non-destructive Testing (NDT) methods would certainly be a more viable option than the destructive testing methods. Until now, no specific code was developed for quantifiable evaluation of fire-affected concrete with NDT. To develop the method for Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) of fire-affected concrete, 8 small-sized (4 in x 4 in x 15 in) and 32 medium-sized (8 in x 8 in x 36 …
Development Of A Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model For Construction And Environmental Costs Of Trenchless Spray-Applied Pipe Linings, Cured-In-Place Pipe, And Sliplining Methods In Large Diameter Culverts, Ramtin Serajiantehrani
Development Of A Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model For Construction And Environmental Costs Of Trenchless Spray-Applied Pipe Linings, Cured-In-Place Pipe, And Sliplining Methods In Large Diameter Culverts, Ramtin Serajiantehrani
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
According to U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration there are more than 4.1 million miles of road in total length, making it the world’s longest and biggest road network with millions of culverts hidden underneath the road in the United States. The development of underground infrastructure, concerns about environmental impacts, and economic trends are influencing society, resulting in the advancement of technology for more environment-friendly and cost-effective pipeline rehabilitation. Trenchless technologies employ innovative methods, materials, and equipment that require minimum surface excavation and access area for rehabilitation of old and deteriorated culverts. Trenchless technologies can be used when other …