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2006

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Articles 511 - 540 of 604

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Heuristic Prioritization Of Emergency Evacuation Staging To Reduce Clearance Time, Steven Mitchell Jan 2006

Heuristic Prioritization Of Emergency Evacuation Staging To Reduce Clearance Time, Steven Mitchell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A region's evacuation strategy encompasses a variety of areas and needs. Primary among these is the minimization of total evacuation time, represented in models as the clearance time estimate (CTE). A generic testbed simulation network model was developed. An input/output (I/O) analysis was performed to establish a theoretical baseline CTE. Results were compared with simulations; analysis showed that the I/O method underestimated simulated CTE as a function of network size, with a correction factor range of 1.09 to 1.19. A regression model was developed for the generic network. Predictors were total trips, and network size defined as a function of …

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Safety Analyses At Signalized Intersections Considering Spatial, Temporal And Site Correlation, Xuesong Wang Jan 2006

Safety Analyses At Signalized Intersections Considering Spatial, Temporal And Site Correlation, Xuesong Wang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Statistics show that signalized intersections are among the most dangerous locations of a roadway network. Different approaches including crash frequency and severity models have been used to establish the relationship between crash occurrence and intersection characteristics. In order to model crash occurrence at signalized intersections more efficiently and eventually to better identify the significant factors contributing to crashes, this dissertation investigated the temporal, spatial, and site correlations for total, rear-end, right-angle and left-turn crashes. Using the basic regression model for correlated crash data leads to invalid statistical inference, due to incorrect test statistics and standard errors based on the misspecified …

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Development Of A Simplified Finite Element Approach For Frp Bridge Decks., Jignesh Vyas Jan 2006

Development Of A Simplified Finite Element Approach For Frp Bridge Decks., Jignesh Vyas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Moveable bridges in Florida typically use open steel grid decks due to the weight limitations. However, these decks present rideability, environmental, and maintenance problems, for they are typically less skid resistant than a solid riding surface, create loud noises, and allow debris to fall through the grids. Replacing open steel grid decks that are commonly used in moveable bridges with a low-profile FRP deck can improve rider safety and reduce maintenance costs, while satisfying the strict weight requirement for such bridges. The performance of the new deck system, which includes fatigue and failure tests were performed on full-size panels in …

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Using Augmented Reality For Studying Left Turn Maneuver At Un-Signalized Intersection And Horizontal Visibility Blockage, Ghada Moussa Jan 2006

Using Augmented Reality For Studying Left Turn Maneuver At Un-Signalized Intersection And Horizontal Visibility Blockage, Ghada Moussa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Augmented reality "AR" is a promising paradigm that can provide users with real-time, high-quality visualization of a wide variety of information. In AR, virtual objects are added to the real-world view in a real time. Using the AR technology can offer a very realistic environment for driving enhancement as well as driving performance testing under different scenarios. This can be achieved by adding virtual objects (people, vehicles, hazards, and other objects) to the normal view while driving in a safe controlled environment. In this dissertation, the feasibility of adapting the AR technology into traffic engineering was investigated. Two AR systems; …

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Simulation And Continuance Of Operation For The Use Of Transit (Lynx) To Be Used In Emergency Evacuation Incidents, Noor Elmitiny Jan 2006

Simulation And Continuance Of Operation For The Use Of Transit (Lynx) To Be Used In Emergency Evacuation Incidents, Noor Elmitiny

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The evacuation planning has become an important issue addressed by many research studies and publications aiming to improve the security of the daily life for our public inside the United States of America. The main objective of this research was to address the growing need for evacuation planning using traffic simulation. With increased interests and awareness in emergency evacuation and first responder access to emergencies in public locations (airports, transit stations, ports or stadiums), the traffic simulation can be helpful in orchestrating the traffic flow during emergencies. Related to this issue, Federal Transit Administration has issued a large number of …

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Verification Of Faa's Emissions And Dispersion Modeling System (Edms), Anjoli Martin Jan 2006

Verification Of Faa's Emissions And Dispersion Modeling System (Edms), Anjoli Martin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Air quality has been a major environmental concern for many years. Recently the issue of airport emissions has presented growing concerns and is being studied in much more depth. Airport emissions come from a variety of point, line and area sources, making emissions modeling for airports very complex and more involved. Accurate air quality models, specific to airport needs, are required to properly analyze this complex array of air pollution sources created by airports. Accurate air quality models are needed to plan for increased growth of current airports and address concerns over proposed new ones. The Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) …

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Effects Of Fiber And Lithium On Mechanical Properties Of Concrete Made Fromrecycled Concrete Aggregate, Ashraf Eskander Jan 2006

Effects Of Fiber And Lithium On Mechanical Properties Of Concrete Made Fromrecycled Concrete Aggregate, Ashraf Eskander

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The growing demand of construction aggregates has raised concern about the availability of natural aggregates. Over two billion tons of natural aggregate are produced each year in the United States and that number is expected to increase to 2.5 billion tons by 2020. This has raised concern about the availability of natural aggregate. Discarding demolished concrete into landfills is a costly solution from an economical and environmental point of view. Many U.S. highway agencies are re-using Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) as construction material. The use of fiber reinforcement in Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) has recently become a popular option in …

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Safety Effects Of Traffic Signal Installations On State Road Intersections In Northeast Florida, Christopher Ledew Jan 2006

Safety Effects Of Traffic Signal Installations On State Road Intersections In Northeast Florida, Christopher Ledew

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis is to explore how the installations of traffic signals affect crash experience at intersections, to identify those factors which help predict crashes after a signal is installed, and to develop a crash prediction model. It is the intent of this thesis to supplement the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices Signal Warrant procedure and aid the traffic engineer in the signal installation decision making process. Crash data, as well as operational and geometric factors were examined for 32 state road intersections in the northeast Florida area before and after signal installation. Signal warrant studies were …

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Coupling Of Hydrodynamic And Wave Models For Storm Tide Simulations: A Case Study For Hurricane Floyd (1999), Yuji Funakoshi Jan 2006

Coupling Of Hydrodynamic And Wave Models For Storm Tide Simulations: A Case Study For Hurricane Floyd (1999), Yuji Funakoshi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents the development of a two-dimensional St. Johns River model and the coupling of hydrodynamic and wave models for the simulation of storm tides. The hydrodynamic model employed for calculating tides and surges is ADCIRC-2DDI (ADvanced CIRCulation Model for Shelves, Coasts and Estuaries, Two-Dimensional Depth Integrated) developed by Luettich et al. (1992). The finite element based model solves the fully nonlinear shallow water equations in the generalized wave continuity form. Hydrodynamic applications are operated with the following forcings: 1) astronomical tides, 2) inflows from tributaries, 3) meteorological effects (winds and pressure), and 4) waves (wind-induced waves). The wave …

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Developing Microscopic Toll Plaza Model Using Paramics, Nezamuddin Nezamuddin Jan 2006

Developing Microscopic Toll Plaza Model Using Paramics, Nezamuddin Nezamuddin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Simulation modeling is the most cost-effective way of studying real life transportation problems, either existing or anticipated, without disturbing the balance of the transportation system. There is a vast suite of simulation models available in market, ready to choose from macroscopic, mesoscopic, or microscopic in nature, to study different transportation system elements like freeways, highways, signalized and un-signalized intersections. However, most of these network simulation models, like PARAMICS, VISSIM, CORSIM … etc, do not come readily available with built in toll plaza models. On the other hand, many researchers have independently developed toll plaza models, which can only model an isolated …

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Bench Scale Analysis Of Experimental Fouling-Resistent Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis Membranes Using High Organic Surface Water And Synthetic Colloidal Water, Matthew Doan Jan 2006

Bench Scale Analysis Of Experimental Fouling-Resistent Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis Membranes Using High Organic Surface Water And Synthetic Colloidal Water, Matthew Doan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The utilization of membrane treatment for the production of potable water has become more prevalent in today's industry. As drinking water regulations become more stringent this trend is expected to continue. Widespread use is also a result of membrane treatment being the best available treatment in many cases. While membrane treatment is a proven technology that can produce a consistently superior product to conventional treatment methods, membrane fouling and concentrate disposal are issues that drive up the cost of membrane treatment and can effectively eliminate it from consideration as a treatment alternative. This research focused on membrane fouling. A series …

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The Effectiveness Of A Specifically Designed Green Roof Stormwater Treatment System Irrigated With Recycled Stormwater Runoff To Achieve Pollutant Removal And Stormwater Volume Reduction, Michael Hardin Jan 2006

The Effectiveness Of A Specifically Designed Green Roof Stormwater Treatment System Irrigated With Recycled Stormwater Runoff To Achieve Pollutant Removal And Stormwater Volume Reduction, Michael Hardin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of our greatest threats to surface-water quality is polluted stormwater runoff. In this research, investigated is the use of a green roof irrigated with recycled stormwater runoff to remove pollutants from stormwater runoff and reduce the volume of stormwater runoff leaving developed areas. The green roof properties of interest are the filtration and biological processes as well as the roof's ability to hold water and increase evapotranspiration, reducing the volume of stormwater runoff from the source. Because of the above mentioned reasons the experiment consists of a water quality analysis and a water budget done on several experimental chambers …

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Evaluation Of Media Influence And Practical Applications For The Use Of Static Low Density Media Filters In Domestic Wastewater Treatment, Steven Marty Bellelo Jan 2006

Evaluation Of Media Influence And Practical Applications For The Use Of Static Low Density Media Filters In Domestic Wastewater Treatment, Steven Marty Bellelo

LSU Master's Theses

Static Low Density Media filters have been used over the past two decades for nitrification and solids removal in high-density recirculating aquaculture systems. The SLDM filters are submerged biofilters which contain a plastic media with a density less than that of water. The media beds remain packed, or static, during operation except for periodic expansion of the bead bed during a backwash. More recently SLDM filters have been evaluated for secondary clarification of domestic wastewater where concurrent biological treatment and particulate removal occur within one unit. Recirculation is accomplished using airlifts which provide external aeration coupled with multiple pass removal …

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Frictional Interaction Properties Between Geomaterials And Geosynthetics, Julian Javier Coronel Jan 2006

Frictional Interaction Properties Between Geomaterials And Geosynthetics, Julian Javier Coronel

LSU Master's Theses

Soil reinforcement interaction is a primary issue for designing reinforced soil structures. The soil to geosynthetic interaction parameters are influenced by a) Interaction mechanism between geomaterials and geosynthetics (pull-out or direct shear), b) Physical and mechanical properties of geomaterials (density, grain shape and size, grain size distribution, water content, and plasticity of clayey soils), and c) Mechanical properties (tensile peak strength), shape and geometry of geosynthetics. The soil to geogrid interface friction parameters (interface friction angle "δ" and adhesion "ca") for different plasticity indexes, moisture contents, and dry densities were investigated. For this purposes, a large scale direct …

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Partial Continuity In Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges With Jointless Decks, Ram Naren Mothe Jan 2006

Partial Continuity In Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges With Jointless Decks, Ram Naren Mothe

LSU Master's Theses

Jointless multi-simple span deck-girder (composite concrete deck with steel or prestressed concrete girders) bridge construction has been accepted as an alternative to jointed construction. Bridge deck joints add to the construction and maintenance costs of the bridge. Bridge support bearing pads deterioration is a common problem in bridges with jointed bridge decks. One of the methods used for building a jointless bridge is to provide a link slab that connects the decks of the adjacent spans. This study mainly focuses on the behavior of the link slab and its effect on the behavior of the bridge system as a whole. …

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Refurbishment Of Louisiana State University Calibration Chamber, Ardita Dushi Jan 2006

Refurbishment Of Louisiana State University Calibration Chamber, Ardita Dushi

LSU Master's Theses

This thesis focuses on the refurbishment of Louisiana State University calibration chamber. The testing equipments were checked and connected together to complete the calibration chamber system. The data acquisition system was upgraded to National Instruments (NI) SCXI system. Therefore, a compatible computer program language in LabVIEW was developed. LabVIEW is a programming language developed by NI that reads the data from the instruments, displays the data in graphical form, calculates the desired parameters, commands the transducer to apply the required pressure to the specimen, and saves the data at the desired frequency. The Anisotropic Modified Cam Clay Model (AMCCM) following …

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Development And Application Of Methods For Evaluation Of Hurricane Shelters, James P. Gregg Jan 2006

Development And Application Of Methods For Evaluation Of Hurricane Shelters, James P. Gregg

LSU Master's Theses

With the population of hurricane prone regions increasing, it has become more difficult to evacuate entire communities, increasing the need for hurricane shelters in coastal areas. Community officials generally use American Red Cross Standard ARC 4496 to evaluate the suitability of buildings for use as shelters.. ARC 4496 uses a least-risk process that evaluates many building and site characteristics. However, it does not address characteristics of the approaching storm and does not provide insight to the expected hazards and performance of the facility under different hurricane conditions. A new method for evaluating facilities for use as hurricane shelters is proposed. …

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Effect Of Speed Limit Increase On Crash Rate On Rural Two-Lane Highways In Louisiana, Athira Swarna Jayadevan Jan 2006

Effect Of Speed Limit Increase On Crash Rate On Rural Two-Lane Highways In Louisiana, Athira Swarna Jayadevan

LSU Master's Theses

Though the rural two lane roads are the low volume-less traveled roads, the majority of the crashes occur on these roads and the high speed of motor vehicles on these roads is suspected to be one of the main causes for this. This study focused on the development of a methodology to study the impact of a speed limit increase on the crash rate on the rural two lane roads in Louisiana. The Louisiana crash database obtained from the Louisiana Department of Transportation (LADOTD) was used to carry out the analysis. The analysis consisted of the comparison of crash rates …

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A Comparative Analysis Of Hurricane Evacuation Traffic Conditions Using Static And Dynamic Traffic Assignments, Santosh Kumar Andem Jan 2006

A Comparative Analysis Of Hurricane Evacuation Traffic Conditions Using Static And Dynamic Traffic Assignments, Santosh Kumar Andem

LSU Master's Theses

This study compares link flows of evacuation traffic using Static Traffic Assignment (STA) with those obtained from Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) and observed traffic counts. The analysis is conducted on a sample of households from South Carolina who evacuated in the face of hurricane Floyd in 1999. The results indicate that traditional static models have the potential to significantly underestimate congestion levels in the network, and DTA models account for nonuniform demand and traffic dynamics in hurricane evacuation much more realistically. From observed traffic counts, traffic volumes vary considerably during an evacuation and the DTA flow estimates generally reproduced these …

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Calibration Of Flexural Design Of Concrete Members Reinforced With Frp Bars, Sujata Nandkumar Kulkarni Jan 2006

Calibration Of Flexural Design Of Concrete Members Reinforced With Frp Bars, Sujata Nandkumar Kulkarni

LSU Master's Theses

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have been increasingly accepted in the construction industry as a promising substitute for steel. Bridge deck deterioration is one of the most common deficiencies in a bridge system. The use of FRP bars as reinforcement for concrete bridge decks provides a potential for increased service life, economic, and environmental benefits. This research presents the development of resistance models for concrete members (beams and slabs) reinforced with FRP bars (FRP-RC), for carrying out reliability analysis. The scope of this model is limited to the flexural behavior only; i.e. the failures are not shear failure and debonding. …

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Fundamental Characterization Of Louisiana Hma Mixtures For The 2002 Mechanistic-Empirical Design Guide, Sandeep Obulareddy Jan 2006

Fundamental Characterization Of Louisiana Hma Mixtures For The 2002 Mechanistic-Empirical Design Guide, Sandeep Obulareddy

LSU Master's Theses

The main objective of this research was to develop a catalog for dynamic modulus values inputs in the 2002 Empirical and Mechanistic Guide for Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures (2002 M-E Design Guide) and to examine the permanent deformation characteristics of Louisiana hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures based on four laboratory tests, namely dynamic modulus |E*|, flow number, flow time and hamburg wheel tracker test. In addition, the sensitivity of rut prediction from the 2002 M-E Design Guide, using the dynamic modulus |E*| test results was evaluated and the Witczak and Hirsch models were also evaluated, for the …

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Acoustic Emission Monitoring And Quantitative Evaluation Of Damage In Reinforced Concrete Members And Bridges, Archana Nair Jan 2006

Acoustic Emission Monitoring And Quantitative Evaluation Of Damage In Reinforced Concrete Members And Bridges, Archana Nair

LSU Master's Theses

A considerable proportion of highway bridges in the US, are made of reinforced concrete. The vulnerability of these structures during their long service life is a cause of major concern for civil engineers. Since there is a need to detect and recuperate the condition of the bridge structures numerous innovative non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques have come into the forefront. Of the many available technologies, acoustic emission (AE) monitoring has been the most popular non-destructive technique used on highway bridges. Acoustic emission is a passive monitoring technique. Thus, it can be appropriately used for field bridge monitoring applications. Usually AE monitoring …

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The Girl Scout Climbing Wall Multidisciplinary Service-Learning Project, Margaret Pinnell, Corinne M. Daprano, Gabrielle Williamson Jan 2006

The Girl Scout Climbing Wall Multidisciplinary Service-Learning Project, Margaret Pinnell, Corinne M. Daprano, Gabrielle Williamson

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The Girl Scout Wall (GS Wall) project was implemented in two classes at the University of Dayton (UD): a Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE) course, and a Health and Sports Science (HSS) course, and Sport Facility Management. The MAE course, Introduction to Materials, is a three-credit, third-year required course where students learn about the basic structure and properties of materials as well as the principles of material selection. The Sport Facility Management course is a three-semester hour, required HSS course where students are introduced to the processes of planning, constructing, equipping, maintaining, and managing sport facilities.

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Fatigue Strength And Evaluation Of Sign Structures, Volume 2: Sign Structure Inspection Manual, Xuejun Li, Timothy M. Whalen, Mark D. Bowman Jan 2006

Fatigue Strength And Evaluation Of Sign Structures, Volume 2: Sign Structure Inspection Manual, Xuejun Li, Timothy M. Whalen, Mark D. Bowman

JTRP Technical Reports

This is the second volume of a two-volume final report presenting the findings of the research work that was undertaken to evaluate the fatigue behavior of sign structures and, based on that evaluation, to recommend an inspection plan that can be effectively used to detect and minimize possible deterioration due to wind induced loadings of sign structures. The study included a number of signs that are commonly used in Indiana: single-mastarm and double-mastarm cantilever sign structures, box-truss sign structures, tri-chord sign structures, and monotube sign structures. Sign structures with typical dimensions and details were selected as prototypes for each of …

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Determination Of Ash Mixture Properties And Construction Of Test Embankment - Part B, Sungmin Yoon, Umashankar Balunaini, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, Nayyar Zia Siddiki Jan 2006

Determination Of Ash Mixture Properties And Construction Of Test Embankment - Part B, Sungmin Yoon, Umashankar Balunaini, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, Nayyar Zia Siddiki

JTRP Technical Reports

Class F fly ash and bottom ash are solid residue byproducts produced by coal-burning plants. They are usually disposed off with a typical disposal rate of 80 % fly ash and 20 % bottom ash. To maximize the use of the coal ash, and thus significantly reduce the disposal problem that electric utility companies and our society in general face, the direct use of ponded or landfilled ash that is composed of high proportions of fly ash would be desirable. However, a general understanding of the behavior of high volume fly ash mixtures is needed. Although there have been investigations …

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Evaluation Of Stop Bar Video Detection Accuracy At Signalized Intersections, Avery Rhodes, Darcy M. Bullock, James R. Sturdevant, Zachary Thomas Clark Jan 2006

Evaluation Of Stop Bar Video Detection Accuracy At Signalized Intersections, Avery Rhodes, Darcy M. Bullock, James R. Sturdevant, Zachary Thomas Clark

JTRP Technical Reports

Many agencies nationwide have adopted video vehicle detection technology as an alternative to inductive loops. While many product evaluations have been performed, the majority of these evaluations have concentrated on freeway applications where speed and volume were the primary evaluation criteria. At an actuated intersection, the metrics of speed and volume do not necessarily represent how well a device will operate as a presence detector. Video detection was evaluated at two signalized intersections in West Lafayette, Indiana and Noblesville, Indiana. A camera on each approach was located at the vendor recommended position, at a height of 40 feet and offset …

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Feasibility Study For Bicycle Safety: Data Assessment And Network Evaluation, Michael Seth Klobucar, Jon D. Fricker Jan 2006

Feasibility Study For Bicycle Safety: Data Assessment And Network Evaluation, Michael Seth Klobucar, Jon D. Fricker

JTRP Technical Reports

Bicycles offer a promising transportation alternative to private motor vehicles, especially in areas with congestion, poor air quality, and high fuel prices. This study sought rational methods for evaluating the benefits of incorporating bicycle-friendly features into highway project designs. Data on recent bicyclist fatalities and other collisions involving bicyclists in Indiana were analyzed to determine factors that could help to explain the incidents and offer insights into countermeasures or remedies. Human error – on the part of the bicyclist or the motorist – was found to be the most common factor. Poor lighting and noncompliance with sidewalk ordinances also were …

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Indot Customer Service, Ananth V. Iyer, Michael Hoeck, Amanda Thompson, Kailas Dandgaval, Jairo Bohorquez, Justina Mikals Jan 2006

Indot Customer Service, Ananth V. Iyer, Michael Hoeck, Amanda Thompson, Kailas Dandgaval, Jairo Bohorquez, Justina Mikals

JTRP Technical Reports

This study focuses on the flow of customer complaints to the INDOT central office and districts, their handling within the INDOT system and the customer experienced lead time. The processes were examined based on customer segments, complaint type, and district of origin. Detailed data analyses for specific transactions within the INDOT system were used to document the process. In addition, as per the study advisory committee suggestions, a tracking of transactions flow using a paper system was used to reconcile archived data. Although lead time metrics were developed at both the central office and district level, the lack of data …

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Investigation Of The Performance Of Neat And Modified Asphalt Binders, Yalan Tang, John E. Haddock Jan 2006

Investigation Of The Performance Of Neat And Modified Asphalt Binders, Yalan Tang, John E. Haddock

JTRP Technical Reports

The Superpave binder specifications are performance-based criteria for binder selection for use in hot-mix asphalt mixtures. However, these specifications may not be applicable to modified binders. This research investigates the a new method for determining hot-mix asphalt mixing and compaction temperatures as well as the performance of neat (unmodified) and modified binders of the same performance grade. The first phase of the research focuses on determining mixing and compaction temperatures for hot-mix asphalt mixtures. Modified binders are shear rate and temperature dependent and the conventional methods of determining mixing and compaction temperatures can yield extreme results. The Zero Shear Viscosity …

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Simplification Of Resilient Modulus Testing For Subgrades, Daehyeon Kim, Nayyar Zia Siddiki Jan 2006

Simplification Of Resilient Modulus Testing For Subgrades, Daehyeon Kim, Nayyar Zia Siddiki

JTRP Technical Reports

Resilient modulus has been used for characterizing the stress-strain behavior of subgrade soils subjected to traffic loadings in the design of pavements. With the recent release of the M-E Design Guide, highway agencies are further encouraged to implement the resilient modulus test to improve subgrade design. In the present study, physical property tests, unconfined compressive tests, resilient modulus (Mr) tests and Several Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) tests were conducted to assess the resilient and permanent strain behavior of 14 cohesive subgrade soils and five cohesionless soils encountered in Indiana. The applicability for simplification of the existing resilient modulus test, AASHTO …

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