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1995

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Articles 331 - 360 of 442

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Consistent Infinitesimal Finite-Element Cell Method: In-Plane Motion, John P. Wolf, Chongmin Song Apr 1995

Consistent Infinitesimal Finite-Element Cell Method: In-Plane Motion, John P. Wolf, Chongmin Song

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

To calculate the unit-impulse response matrix of an unbounded medium for use in a time-domain analysis of medium-structure interaction, the consistent infinitesimal finite-element cell method is developed. Its derivation is based on the finite-element formulation and on similarity. The limit of the cell width is performed analytically yielding a rigorous representation in the radial direction. The discretization is only performed on the structure-medium interface. Explicit expressions of the coefficient matrices for the in-plane motion of anisotropic material are specified. In contrast to the boundary-element formulation, no fundamental solution is necessary and equilibrium and compatibility on the layer interfaces extending from …

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Seismic Behavior Of A Diaphragm Wall Tank, C. M. Gilbert, A. Laforce, M. A. Baudement Apr 1995

Seismic Behavior Of A Diaphragm Wall Tank, C. M. Gilbert, A. Laforce, M. A. Baudement

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A buried tank, consisting of unit diaphragm walls with no mechanical connection between them, has been studied under seismic loads. Soil structure interaction analyses, using a visco-elastic model for the soil have been carried out with two- and three dimensional models. A technical solution to ensure the stability of such a tank is proposed.

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Seismic Vibration Of Nuclear Power Station Building, V. G. Bedniakov, S. S. Nefedov, N. S. Shvets Apr 1995

Seismic Vibration Of Nuclear Power Station Building, V. G. Bedniakov, S. S. Nefedov, N. S. Shvets

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Reactor Building is considered as a system with concentrated masses. The movement of the system is described with account of elastic component, shear and rotation of the base relatively foundation. Seismic excitation is described by set of accelerogramms. The equations of movement are solved using complex modal analysis. Natural frequencies are acceleration functions for masses of the system are defined.

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Seismic Design Of Ribbed Foundation Plates, E. B. Koreneva Apr 1995

Seismic Design Of Ribbed Foundation Plates, E. B. Koreneva

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Circular foundation plates of variable thickness reinforced by ring ribs and resting on an elastic subgrade subjected to an action of seismic loads are investigated. Rigorous solutions of the posed problems are obtained.

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Spectral Study Of Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction Based On Observed Data, Fan Lang Kong, Roger Ghanem Apr 1995

Spectral Study Of Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction Based On Observed Data, Fan Lang Kong, Roger Ghanem

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Spectral analysis and system identification algorithm are used to analyze a set of acceleration response records obtained from a shaking table test. The method is based on the linear discrete time systems theory, and the soil-pile system can be represented as a linear filter of a finite order with time-varying coefficients. The recorded ground motion at the pile tip is the input, and the motion at the different level along the pile and the structure is the output of the filter. Knowing the input and output, the time varying parameters of the filter can be determined by using the system …

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Gravel Liquefaction Analysis Of An Embankment Dam, D. Andrew Vessely, Nan Deng Apr 1995

Gravel Liquefaction Analysis Of An Embankment Dam, D. Andrew Vessely, Nan Deng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Prior to 1970, the majority of earth and rockfill dams were constructed with little regard for earthquake resistant design- especially in the Pacific Northwest which, at that time, was considered an area of low to moderate seismic activity. Since the early 1970's, and in particular since the near-catastrophic failure of the Lower San Fernando Dam in 1971, the vulnerability of hydraulic fill dams to pore pressure build-up and loss of strength as a result of earthquake shaking is well documented. In contrast, very few case histories exist on the liquefaction susceptibility of saturated gravel filters in zoned embankments. This paper …

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Elasto-Plastic Seismic Response Analysis Of Earth Dams, A. N. Yiagos Apr 1995

Elasto-Plastic Seismic Response Analysis Of Earth Dams, A. N. Yiagos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simplified and efficient numerical model is developed to perform the phenomenological elasto-plastic seismic response analysis of earth dams. The method is based on a two-dimensional Galerkin formulation of the equations of motion for the dam material, and accounts for the presence of water inside the dam. The soil skeleton nonlinear hysteretic response is modelled using an effective stress multi-yield function elasto-plastic constitutive model. The model is validated using actual transient ground motions as input and the computed responses are compared with the motions recorded at the respective sites. The ability of the model to simulate the occurrence of liquefaction …

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Evaluation Of Earthquake-Induced Slope Displacements, S. Salah-Mars, R. K. Green, H. Kanakari, L. H. Mejia, K. D. Weaver, P. J. Boddie Apr 1995

Evaluation Of Earthquake-Induced Slope Displacements, S. Salah-Mars, R. K. Green, H. Kanakari, L. H. Mejia, K. D. Weaver, P. J. Boddie

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A large landslide in San Jose, California, has experienced displacements during past earthquakes. Future earthquakes on the Hayward fault, which is located about a mile east of the slide, are expected to cause larger displacements. Potential deformations induced by a major earthquake (M 7) on the Hayward fault were evaluated using a non-linear dynamic finite element analysis.

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Seismic Stability Analysis Of A High Earth And Rockfill Dam, N. Deng, F. Ostadan, I. Arango, J. Marrone Apr 1995

Seismic Stability Analysis Of A High Earth And Rockfill Dam, N. Deng, F. Ostadan, I. Arango, J. Marrone

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Accumulation of knowledge on earthquake activity in California has lead to stronger ground motions being postulated for the evaluation of the seismic stability of dams. A recent regional seismicity study for a 555 ft high earth and rockfill dam in central California lead to a ground motion with peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.50g originating in a local fault system 3 miles from the dam site. This PGA is more than 6 times higher than the PGA=0.08g value originally adopted when the Dam was analyzed for seismic stability 20 years ago. Thus, as part of FERC Part 12 evaluation requirements, …

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Behavior And Damage Of Dams Under The 1993 Big Earthquakes In Japan, Tomoya Iwashita, Akira Nakamura, Nario Yasuda Apr 1995

Behavior And Damage Of Dams Under The 1993 Big Earthquakes In Japan, Tomoya Iwashita, Akira Nakamura, Nario Yasuda

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

By analyses of the acceleration records at dams during the two big earthquakes which hit in Hokkaido of Japan in 1993, the maximum acceleration at damsite rock, the maximum acceleration amplification ratios at crest and the natural periods of dam bodies were evaluated and were compared the results with empirical equations. Damage to the dams was described, and the mechanism of the deformations was examined.

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Some Aspects Of Liquefaction Assessment Of Duncan Dam, V. S. Pillai, R. A. Stewart, H. D. Plewes Apr 1995

Some Aspects Of Liquefaction Assessment Of Duncan Dam, V. S. Pillai, R. A. Stewart, H. D. Plewes

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A comprehensive program of field, laboratory and analytical investigations was carried out to assess the potential for liquefaction of the foundation soils and seismic stability of Duncan Dam. Duncan Oam is located on Duncan River in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The 39 m high zoned earthfill dam is founded on a thick sequence of sands, silts and gravels. The liquefaction studies were carried out in two phases between 1988 and 1992 to characterize in detail the engineering properties of the foundation soils; and to assess its potential for triggering liquefaction, and the post liquefaction stability and deformation of the dam …

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Earthquake-Induced Lateral Displacement Of A Landfill, Tzyy-Shiou Chang, Bao-Zhu Wei, Kuo-Ping Chang, Kenneth M. Hall Apr 1995

Earthquake-Induced Lateral Displacement Of A Landfill, Tzyy-Shiou Chang, Bao-Zhu Wei, Kuo-Ping Chang, Kenneth M. Hall

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In the wake of stability failure of the Kettleman Hills Waste Repository on March 19, 1988, the stability of landfill mass in earthquake-prone areas has become an important issue in the community. Based on a proposed landfill site in the Memphis, Tennessee area, this paper studies behaviors of landfills under various landfill and earthquake conditions (height and slope angle of the landfill, average unit weight of the landfill refuse, and peak acceleration and time duration of bedrock motion) by calculating lateral displacements induced by a design earthquake. Results indicate that lateral displacement of a landfill is proportional to the slope …

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Ground Motion Amplification Using Microseisms, John M. Ferritto Apr 1995

Ground Motion Amplification Using Microseisms, John M. Ferritto

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper discusses the use of microseism measurement as a tool to predict local site amplification. Systems analysis techniques can be applied to the microseism data to validate site properties used in wave propagation analysis. Spectral ratio was found to be inversely related to peak rock velocity for soft sites. Microseisms can be used on a normalized basis to extend spatial response information.

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Seismic Response Of A Linear, 2-D Model Of The Marina District, Bin Zhang, A. S. Papageorgiou Apr 1995

Seismic Response Of A Linear, 2-D Model Of The Marina District, Bin Zhang, A. S. Papageorgiou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The recorded response of the Marina District of the City of San Francisco to an aftershock of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake is simulated using a two-dimensional model of the sedimentary deposits. Even though the response of the Marina is truly three-dimensional, the two-dimensional model successfully captures some important aspects of the response and consequently may be useful for predicting strong ground motion in the Marina District for engineering applications.

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Use Of Microtremors For The Estimation Of Ground Vibration Characteristics, Mehedi A. Ansary, Mitsuyoshi Fuse, Fumio Yamazaki, Tsuneo Katayama Apr 1995

Use Of Microtremors For The Estimation Of Ground Vibration Characteristics, Mehedi A. Ansary, Mitsuyoshi Fuse, Fumio Yamazaki, Tsuneo Katayama

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Short-period micro tremor array observation is conducted at five sites in the Tokyo Metropolitan area of Japan. The Fourier spectra of horizontal and vertical components show variations in time, but their ratio is stable for different time instants. The characteristics of the amplitude ratio are similar to that of Rayleigh wave and the period correspond to the peak ratio correspond to the predominant period of the sites for shear wave propagation. A parametric study for two-layered models reveals that the peaks for Rayleigh wave and shear wave are close for the ground having large impedance ratio. The F-K spectrum analysis …

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Effect Of Building Configuration On Seismic Response Parameters, A. S. Elnashai, M. M. Soliman Apr 1995

Effect Of Building Configuration On Seismic Response Parameters, A. S. Elnashai, M. M. Soliman

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

To contribute to the available information on the inelastic performance of irregular structures, the investigation of four building characteristics on it seismic response was initiated. These characteristics are column height, beam-to-column capacity, stiffness distribution in elevation and set-backs and non-symmetric elevation configuration. The parametric study presented in the paper is intended to be more indicative than comprehensive, since simplifications in the modeling of structures were necessary.

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Discussions And Replies — Session Vii, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Vii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Influence Of Ground Motion Variability On Design Spectra In Areas Of Low To Moderate Seismicity, Z. A. Lubkowski, J. W. Pappin Apr 1995

Influence Of Ground Motion Variability On Design Spectra In Areas Of Low To Moderate Seismicity, Z. A. Lubkowski, J. W. Pappin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper examines the sensitivity of uniform hazard response spectra to the variability of the ground motion attenuation in areas of low to moderate seismicity. The variabilities of a number of published attenuation relationships are examined. Many of these relationships show that the standard deviation tends to increase as the natural period increases and some show a tendency for the standard deviation to reduce as the earthquake magnitude increases. These published works tend to be derived from earthquake data for areas of high seismicity and therefore the paper includes a critical review of what values of standard deviation are appropriate …

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Discussions And Replies — Session Viii, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Viii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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On Association Of Seismic Lineaments And Stress Patterns Of The Southeastern United States: Criteria Of Failure, A. A. Nowroozi Apr 1995

On Association Of Seismic Lineaments And Stress Patterns Of The Southeastern United States: Criteria Of Failure, A. A. Nowroozi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

It is generally agreed that shallow focus, low magnitude, crustal earthquakes are caused by a sudden frictional movement on preexisting faults, and that the orientation of the faults may be delineated by locations of past earthquakes. The spatial distribution of a large number of epicenters in the Southeastern region of the United States may be interpreted in terms of many linear patterns. These patterns indicate weak fracture zones which are conveniently called seismic lineaments. Orientations of the seismic lineaments are mostly NE-SW, NW-SE and N-S within the Piedmont and Coastal Plain Provinces, but they are nearly N-S, and NE-SW within …

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Site Dependent Ground Response For The City Of Patras, Greece, G. A. Athanasopoulos Apr 1995

Site Dependent Ground Response For The City Of Patras, Greece, G. A. Athanasopoulos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Results of a preliminary study of seismic ground response at different sites of the coastal city of Patras, in Southern Greece, are presented. At each site equivalent linear 1-D response analyses were conducted by using the finite element program LUSH 2. Values of dynamic properties of soils were obtained from either cross-hole tests or empirical correlations. The 'rigid base' excitation was selected as to best simulate the expected bedrock motions in Patras from local and distant earthquakes. The results of the analyses indicate a strong differentiation of seismic site response when moving from the coastal region of the city to …

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Observed Surface Breakage Due To Strike-Slip Faulting, C. A. Lazarte, J. D. Bray Apr 1995

Observed Surface Breakage Due To Strike-Slip Faulting, C. A. Lazarte, J. D. Bray

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents observations from field studies and physical model tests to investigate the response of soil deposits to strike-slip bedrock faulting. The study is relevant to developing mitigation technique against fault-induced damage in structures located near potentially active faults. Observations of ground rupture patterns in alluvial materials following the 1992 Landers earthquake are presented. Particularly important are the observations of significant deformation away from the main trace, the width of the shear zone, and the effects of the surficial geology on the fault expression. Preliminary results from small-scale model tests simulating strike-slip rupture are also presented. The tests results …

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Discussions And Replies — Session Ix, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Ix, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Analysis Of Inclined Shear Waves In Vertical Bluffs, S. A. Ashford, N. Sitar Apr 1995

Analysis Of Inclined Shear Waves In Vertical Bluffs, S. A. Ashford, N. Sitar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The effect of inclined shear waves on the seismic response of vertical bluffs is analyzed using the generalized hyperelement. The bluffs are modeled as a stepped halfspace in the frequency domain. It is shown that the response, normalized as a function of slope height (H) divided by wavelength (λ), is amplified for waves travelling into the slope and attenuation for waves travelling away from the slope. This amplification can be as much as twice the amplification for vertically propagating waves. The results of the analysis suggest that wave orientation and inclination in relation to the slope may need to be …

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R-Wave Dispersion Analysis In Transversely Isotropic Stratum, Shiming Wu, Lizhong Wang Apr 1995

R-Wave Dispersion Analysis In Transversely Isotropic Stratum, Shiming Wu, Lizhong Wang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

With dynamic stiffness of elastic half-space, the Rayleigh wave dispersion in transversely isotropic soil is analyzed by Finite-layer and Semi-infinite layer method. Only is matrix eigenvalue involved, avoiding the calculation procedure encountered in analytical method. Two examples prove the deduction correctly and show that soil anisotropy influences dispersion dramatically. It is possible to study soil anisotropy and characteristics of its dynamical responses from its surface wave dispersion.

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The Effect Of The Produced Vibrations By The Urban Electric Train On The Fillings Of Pumiceous Soils, E. Padilla Apr 1995

The Effect Of The Produced Vibrations By The Urban Electric Train On The Fillings Of Pumiceous Soils, E. Padilla

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents the results of a study realized in Guadalajara, capital city of the State of Jalisco, in Mexico, in which it proves that the vibrations produced by the operation of the urban electric train were one of the causes of settlements presented in a habitational zone. These settlements produced very several damages to more of 30 houses. To obtain this conclusion, geotechnical studies, dynamic characterization of subsoil and laboratory tests that included the use of a shake table were realized. With the information analysis, were obtained settlement predictions between 0.035 y 0.135 m.

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Vibrations Caused By Pile Driving, P. J. Moore, J. R. Styles, Wing-Hing Ho Apr 1995

Vibrations Caused By Pile Driving, P. J. Moore, J. R. Styles, Wing-Hing Ho

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Ground vibrations caused by impact were measured at two sites; one consisting of sand and the other of clay. Measurements were made at various radial distances from the impact location. The impact was produced by a weight falling either on to a plate or on to a rod partly driven into the ground, the latter case simulating pile driving on a small scale. When expressed in terms of scaled energy, the measured peak particle velocities were in reasonable agreement with some of the published data for clay sites but the agreement was poorer for sand sites. Several theoretical expressions were …

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Sliding Base Isolation System For Unreinforced Buildings, M. Tehranizadeh Apr 1995

Sliding Base Isolation System For Unreinforced Buildings, M. Tehranizadeh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Concept of isolating structures from the effects of ground shaking has been discussed for many years. Its practical application was delayed until the successful development has been made. One of the easiest and lowest cost of base isolation system is the sliding or pure friction type that can be used for unreinforced forced masonry bearing wall building. This type of building are very common in different parts of Iran. Preliminary studies have indicated that the represented system for small buildings situated in the seismic region works very well.

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Screening Of Rayleigh Waves By Open Trenches, E. Conte, G. Dente Apr 1995

Screening Of Rayleigh Waves By Open Trenches, E. Conte, G. Dente

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents results of a numerical study on the effectiveness of open trenches in reducing the ground vibration caused by propagating Rayleigh waves. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain and under conditions of plane strain using the Boundary Element Method. The soil is modelled as a homogeneous isotropic linear elastic half space. In order to represent the screening effect due to the installation of the barrier, the index ER is introduced. ER is defined as the ratio of the rate of energy transmission over the area to be protected in the presence of the trench and that …

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Evaluation Of Man-Made Ground Vibrations, Xian Jian Yang Apr 1995

Evaluation Of Man-Made Ground Vibrations, Xian Jian Yang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The evaluation method of the man-made ground vibration and its formula are reviewed in the paper. The author's formula presented the possibility to solve the Vibration in near source due to the body wave from varied sources. The ground Vibration sources, such as traffic, pile driving etc. and the effects of the embedded source are involved as well. The parameters of the soil energy attenuation and the geometrical attenuation presented have been examined by National Standard Committee of CHINA in 1994. The case histories on varied testing site and vibrating effects are described.

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