Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Discussions And Replies — Session Xii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

A New Scenario Earthquake For Southern California Based On The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, W. W. Hays

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Prior to the M 6.8 Northridge, California, earthquake, the two principal scenarios for Southern California were based on a recurrence of a great earthquake (M 8.25) on the San Andreas Fault system and a moderate earthquake (M 6.5) on the Newport-Inglewood fault zone. Like the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake, the new scenario event--a blind thrust fault beneath Los Angeles--is expected to generate very high levels of ground shaking (acceleration, velocity, displacement, spectral response) in the epicentral region, trigger ground failure over a wide area; cause extensive damage to the built environment; and test all aspects of the earthquake risk …

Solid Waste Landfill Performance During The 1994 Northridge Earthquake, A. J. Augello, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed, N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The performance of 22landfills in the Los Angeles area during the January 17, 1994 Northridge earthquake has been investigated. Observations of damage at these landfills indicate that the overall performance of solid waste landfills was encouraging. None of the surveyed landfills showed any signs of major damage. However, one geosynthetic-lined landfill experienced two tears in the geomembrane liner. Most landfills within 30 km of the zone of energy release experienced some form of cracking in the soil cover. Beyond approximately 40 km from the zone of energy release, little to no damage was observed.

The Performance Of Hillside Fills During The Northridge Earthquake, David J. Mcmahon, Alan Kropp, Jonathan P. Stewart, Jonathon D. Bray

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Many hillside fills located in the Santa Monica, Santa Susana, and San Gabriel Mountains were damaged during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. While no deaths have been attributed to fill movement, on the order of tens of millions of dollars in property damage was caused by fill movements which typically involved less than about 7.5cm (3 inches) of localized displacement. Some of the damage was induced by permanent deformations of underlying native materials, but most appears to have resulted from ground failure or ground shaking phenomena associated directly with the fill materials. These phenomena include cyclic compaction, lurching, and amplification of …

Canlex (Canadian Liquefaction Experiment): A One Year Update, P. K. Robertson, B. R. List, B. A. Hofmann

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Canadian Geotechnical engineering community has embarked on a major study regarding the liquefaction of sand entitled The Canadian Liquefaction Experiment (CANLEX) through a collaborative effort of industry, engineering consultants and university participants, with the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The study is examining the characterization of sand for dynamic and static liquefaction. The project was started in 1993 and is expected to last at least 3 years with equal funding by both industry and NSERC for a total of about C$1.8M. This paper provides a brief progress report on the Project. Three …

Numerical Modelling Approaches For The Analysis Of Earthquake Triggered Landslides, H. Modaressi, D. Aubry, E. Faccioli, C. Noret

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Different numerical approaches for the analysis of earthquake triggered landslides are studied. Improved simplified models are developed and their performance for evaluating the response of natural slopes subjected to earthquakes is studied. Using more sophisticated numerical techniques the influence of several factors such as the hydro mechanical behavior assumptions, 1D vs. 2D geometry, and the input motion are assessed. 2D computations have shown that the kinematics of the slope motion is largely affected by the geometry of the slope. As far as the soil behavior is concerned, the results indicate that introduction of progressive yielding in the soil model provides …

Worldwide Advances In Seismic Zonation, W. W. Hays

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic zonation is the process that integrates the hazard, policy, and built environments to produce maps that divide a geographic region into smaller areas or zones which can be used by community decision makers to answer the question, "Where is the best location to locate and build a specific structure." Seismic zonation maps have been produced by almost every country in the world with the most rapid advances occurring after 1968.

National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (Nges), R. D. Woods

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The cost of and time required for site characterization in preparation for field experimentation often exceeds the cost and time of performing the experiment. For this reason alone, there is a need for well characterized field experimentation sites. The additional advantage of being able to compare measurements of so1l and rock parameters by new methods with measurements of the same parameters by other methods in well-known materials is very beneficial to the geotechnical community. Finally, the need to perform full scale earth structure experiments dictates a need for well characterized and user friendly sites where large experiments can be performed. …

Simple Physical Models For Foundation Dynamics, John P. Wolf

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

As an alternative to rigorous boundary-element solutions, simple physical models can be used to determine e.g. the interaction force-displacement relationship (dynamic stiffness) of foundations and the seismic effective foundation input motion. Translational and rotational cones and their corresponding lumped-parameter models together with simple one-dimensional wave patterns in the horizontal plane allow surface, embedded and pile foundations even for a layered site to be analyzed and thus form a major step towards developing a strength-of-materials approach to foundation - vibration analysis. The analysis can mostly be performed directly in the time domain. The physical models provide physical insight which is often …

Wave Propagation In The Ground And Isolation Measures, W. A. Haupt

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The first part of this report deals with wave propagation in the ground. Special attention is given to the radiation of waves from a source and on the effect of layering or continuous variation of the shear modulus in the soil on travelling waves. In the second part, vibration isolation measures are described, such as open or infilled trenches and rows of bore holes or piles. The results of different theoretical and experimental investigations are compared. Finally, recently developed isolation measures are presented.

Seismic Design Of Pile Foundations: Structural And Geotechnical Issues, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius Po Lam

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Research on soil-pile-structure interaction under dynamic loading over the past 20 years has led to a variety of analysis approaches of varying complexity to address a range of dynamic problems. Many of these analysis approaches have been adapted for use for the seismic design of pile foundations. In this paper, the various analysis methods are only briefly reviewed. The focus of discussion is on design concepts and issues more routinely used or encountered by structural engineers during seismic design of new or retrofitted pile foundation systems representative of those used for bridges and buildings.

Preliminary Report On The Damage Of Buildings And Houses Due To The Great Hanshin (Kobe) Earthquake Of January 17, 1995, Yoshihiro Sugimura, Madan B. Karkee

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

More than 5,400 persons were killed during the great Hanshin earthquake that occurred early in the morning (5:46 a.m.) of January 17, 1995. About 90% of the dead, most of which were aged persons, were crushed under wooden houses and other residential buildings damaged by the strong shock. People could not escape falling ceilings and furnitures because they were still in their sleep. In addition, the shock produced by the active fault directly under the area was very sudden. Markedly heavy damage was concentrated in the approximately 500m wide belt region lying between the Rokko base rock zone and the …

General Report —Session I: Static And Dynamic Engineering Soil Parameters And Constitutive Relations Of Soils, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

General Report —Session Ix: Geotechnical Analysis Of Recent Earthquakes, Walter W. Hays, C. Rojahn, A. Ansal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

General Report — Session Xi: Engineering Vibrations And Solutions, K. Rainer Massarsch, C. Madshus, A. Bodare

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

General Report — Session Xiv: Northridge Earthquake, January 17, 1994, G. L. Hempen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Micromechanics Of Hot Mix Asphalt Material Formulation And Numerical Simulation, Kuo-Neng G. Chang

Dissertations

Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), a highway and airfield pavement material, is heterogeneous, granular, and composite. It is traditionally modeled as a homogeneous material using continuum mechanics or semi-empirical methods. As a result, the above models either neglect or over-simply component reactions, failing to predict field performance problems resulting from particle segregation. This research presents micromechanical modeling, a novel approach that accounts for the components.

A micromechanical model is developed for HMA by modeling it as an assembly of asphalt cement coated particles. The asphalt cement is modeled as a viscoelastic material. To represent asphalt cement, several viscoelastic elements (i.e. Maxwell, …

Interaction Buckling Of Flange, Edge Stiffener And Web Of C-Sections In Bending, Colin A. Rogers, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

Ole Miss Engineer 1995

Ole Miss Engineer

No abstract provided.

Closure To "Seismic Code Analysis Of Buildings Without Locating Centers Of Rigidity", Rakesh K. Goel, Anil K. Chopra

Civil and Environmental Engineering

No abstract provided.

Roadway Related Tort Liability And Risk Management: 3rd Edition, Daniel S. Turner, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This training material has been prepared to address the tort liability problems faced by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet and Kentucky local governments. The workbook defines the problem by reviewing the national picture of growing numbers of suits and escalating financial losses from suits against highway agencies.

The workbook also sets out solutions, and reviews actions which can decrease the exposure of highway agencies to these suits. This risk management concept is emphasized throughout the workbook.

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Considering Ecological Constraints While Optimizing Sustained Groundwater Yield, Pahvant Valley, Utah, Getachew Belaineh, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Concern for groundwater quality and availability is increasing in Pahvant Valley. Ground-water levels are declining due to intense groundwater extraction for irrigation; water having high total dissolved solids concentration is flowing from the southwest toward the pumping sites; and discharge from natural springs in a wildlife refuge is declining. Transient simulation of aquifer response to 20 years of the 1985 pumping rates (beginning with 1985 groundwater level) predicted that spring discharge would decrease by as much as 87% from 1985 rates. Presented are preliminary pumping strategies that maximize sustainable, steady-state groundwater extraction without unacceptably reducing discharge from the springs. A …

Preliminary Pumping Strategy Analyses For Southeastern Cache Valley, Utah And River Baseflow Impacts, Shyamal B. Chowdhury, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

US/REMAX, a linear optimization model for groundwater management, is used to compute preliminary optimal sustained groundwater pumping increases for southeastern Cache Valley. US/REMAX employs the response matrix method of representing system response to stimuli as constraint equations within an optimization problem. The management objective is to maximize groundwater extraction at four specified locations subject to constrai~ts on aquifer potentiometric head, aquifer/river interflow, and the water level in the uppermost aquifer layer. Four scenarios (constraint sets) are presented. The results are most sensitive to the aquifer/river interflow constraints. Interflow is deemed important because baseflows are crucial to satisfying fish, aquatic life, …

Optimizing Irrigation Management For Pollution Control And Sustainable Crop Yield, Ghassan R. Musharrafieh, Richard C. Peralta, Lynn M. Dudley, Ronald J. Hanks

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Irrigation strategies which maximize crop yield while preventing salt from leaching to the groundwater or undesirable salt increases in the root zone are computed by using a one-dimensional simulation/optimization management model. The included constraint equations maintain a water volume balance and salt transport in the unsaturated zone. Implicit finite difference forms of the unsaturated water flow equation (Richards' equation), the diffusion-convection solute transport equation, functions describing the hydraulic properties of the medium, a root extraction function, and other constraints are used. The model uses a large discretization in time. A cyclic prediction and correction type of approach is adopted to …

Maximizing Tce Removal From A Contaminated Aquifer, Richard C. Peralta, Alaa H. Aly

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A methodology for developing pumping strategies to maximize contaminant extraction is presented. The methodology consists of approximating the mass removal integral using a quadrature rule. Contaminant mass extraction is expressed as a function of the extraction rates. The relation of contaminant extraction to pumping rates is used as one of several constraints within a simulation/optimization model. The implementation and application of the methodology are described. The result is a set of pumping rates which are optimal in the sense that they maximize the mass of contaminant removed by the extraction system for a posed management scenario.

Us/Remax (Vs 2.70): Software For Optimizing Management Of Stream/Aquifer Systems Using The Response Matrix And Related Methods, Richard C. Peralta, Alaa H. Aly

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

US/REMAX is designed to assist water managers in developing optimal groundwater and/or surface water strategies for a wide range of management problems. US/REMAX uses the response matrix method, which assumes that physical system response to stimuli is linear. However, US/REMAX can also address nonlinear systems via cycling. In one application, a strategy computed using US/REMAX required 40% less pumping than one obtained via a normal simulation model. US/REMAX also easily computes tradeoffs for multiobjective problems.

Modeling For Optimal Management Of Agricultural And Domestic Wastewater Loading To Streams, Muhammad Shafqat Ejaz, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A simulation/optimization (S/0) model to aid managing multiobjective wastewater loading to streams while maintaining adequate downstream water quality is presented. The conflicting objectives are to maximize the human and dairy cattle populations from which treated wastewater can be discharged to the river system. Nonindustrial municipal (domestic) wastewater undergoes primary and secondary treatment by a sewage treatment plant (STP) before entering as a steady point source. Dairy wastewater is treated by overland flow (OLF) land treatment before entering the stream as a controlled steady diffuse source. Maximum dual-source loading strategies which do not degrade downstream water quality beyond specified limits are …

Analysis Of Support Conditions Under Joined Concrete Slabs Along Ush 18/151, James Crovetti

Transportation Reports with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation

The Wisconsin Department of Transportation has been constructing jointed concrete pavements incorporating open graded permeable base (OGPB) layers for a number of years. The OGPB layer has been constructed using non-stabilized, asphalt stabilized, and cement stabilized aggregates of varying gradations. Test sections have been established throughout the State of Wisconsin and have been monitored for performance for the last 5 years. To date, little if any performance variations after limited trafficking have been noted for jointed PCC sections constructed over OGPB layers as compared to those constructed over conventional dense graded aggregate base layers.

Data was collected along USH 18/151 …

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis For Radioactive Waste Remediation Alternatives, Thomas P. White, Ronald J. Toland, Dorian Y. Buitrago

Theses and Dissertations

This research has two primary objectives. The first is to develop a generic, interactive, spreadsheet-based life-cycle cost model that uses net present value and risk analysis techniques for cost comparison. The second is to apply the model specifically to the vitrification and cementation methods of waste remediation. By using spreadsheet analysis and graphics capabilities, the model will provide direct and objective comparisons of remediation alternatives. Since vitrification is a new technology, the plant design and operations are conceptual. Therefore, computer simulation and engineering judgement are integral to the vitrification LCC estimate.