Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Lrfd For Engineered Wood Structures - Connection Behavioral Equations, Thomas E. Mclain, Lawrence A. Soltis, David Pollock, Thomas L. Wilkinson

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

A new design specification for engineered wood structures has been proposed in load and resistance factor design (LRFD) format. This paper provides an overview of the proposed LRFD connections design criteria. The connections design provisions are, in part, calibrated from allowable stress design provisions. Major changes from historic practice, however, result from a change in behavioral equations to a theoretical base for predicting the lateral strength of connections using bolts, screws, and nails. New provisions for axial withdrawal of driven and turned fasteners, as well as combined axial and lateral loading criteria are also proposed. Safety levels were calibrated to …

Repointing Mortars For Conservation Of A Historic Stone Building In Trinity College, Dublin, Aidan Duffy, Tim P. Cooper, Simon H. Perry

Articles

With atmospheric pollution causing building stone to decay at accelerated rates, conservation of historic stone monuments is becoming an increasingly important issue. Mortar joints have a marked effect on how moisture moves in a wall and, hence, on how the wall weathers. Not only does mortar bind stones together, but also a good mortar will prevent the ingress of moisture (and pollutants), enable the buildings to dry out, accommodate movement and will not act as a source of harmful chemicals capable of attacking the surrounding stone. Thus, poor mortar can have deleterious effects on the stonework. This paper, which is …

Structural Behavior Of Architectural Laminated Glass, R. A. Belir, Joseph E. Minor, H. S. Norville

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Experimental and theoretical investigations conducted over a 20-year time period by several investigators provide sufficient data and information to define, for practical engineering purposes, the behavior of architectural laminated glass under lateral pressures. Investigations included definitions of material properties, theoretical stress analyses, experimental stress analyses, and destructive tests involving monolithic, laminated, and "layered" glass plates of several geometries. The preponderance of data and information indicate that: (1) Architectural laminated glass behaves in a manner similar to monolithic glass of the same nominal thickness under short-term lateral pressures (representative of wind loads) at and below room temperature; (2) the temperature at …

Phenotypic Characterization Of Copper-Resistant Mutants Of Methylosinus Trichosporium Ob3b, M. (Mark) W. Fitch, D. W. Graham, R. G. Arnold, S. K. Agarwal, P. Phelps, G. E. Speitel, G. Georgiou

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cultures of Methylosinus Trichosporium OB3b Grown in the Presence of Very Low Concentrations of Copper Synthesize a Soluble Methane Monooxygenase (SMMO) that Efficiently Catalyzes the Oxidation of Trichloroethylene and Other Organic Pollutants. Recently, We Isolated Five M. Trichosporium OB3b Mutants that Express SMMO Activity When Grown in the Presence of Elevated Copper Concentrations (P. A. Phelps, S. K. Agarwal, G. E. Speitel, Jr., and G. Georgiou, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3701-3708, 1992). Here We Show that, in Contrast to the Results for the Wild-Type Cells, the Addition of Copper to Mutant Cultures Grown on Methane and Nitrate as the Nitrogen Source …

Final Environmental Assessment For Endangered Species Habitat Improvement/Creation Along The Missouri River Main Stem System

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

An environmental assessment has been prepared for several methods of habitat enhancement and creation along the Missouri River Main stem System. Most of the actions described were suggested in the November 1990, U.S. Fish and wildlife Service Biological Opinion on the operation of the Missouri River Main Stem System and will provide safer nesting habitat for interior least terns and piping plovers.

Adverse impacts of these actions are all temporary and localized, consisting of temporary, localized smoke, and possible ash suspension in nearby waters due to burning of vegetation and presence of temporary noise disturbance during helicopter application of herbicide …

Assessment Of Environmental Implications Of Abandoned Oil And Gas Wells, Donald L. Warner, Cary L. Mcconnell

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A detailed study was made of the potential for abandoned oil and gas wells in the Lower Tuscaloosa sand of Mississippi and Louisiana to act as conduits for movement of saline water from the Lower Tuscaloosa into underground sources of drinking water (USDW's). Finite-difference numerical modeling determined the extent that water might be forced from the Lower Tuscaloosa sand into a USDW as a result of injection into the Lower Tuscaloosa. Within the range of conditions modeled, water from the Lower Tuscaloosa never traveled into a USDW. On the basis of the modeling, we concluded that it is unlikely that …

Phosphorus Accumulation In Bottom Sediments Of Retention/Detention Ponds, Kriss Young Kaye

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Laboratory and field studies were conducted to characterize phosphorus in bottom sediments for retention/detention ponds. The laboratory studies, including batch and column experiments, were conducted to assess possible removal processes. Sediment core samples were collected from detention ponds receiving urban runoff. These cores were analyzed for phosphorus at different layers including accumulated top sediments and the lower parent soil beneath it at a depth of 1, 3, 5, 10 and greater than 10 cm. The phosphorus accumulation rate was found to decline with calculated overflow rates from an average storm. Also attenuation of phosphorus with sediment depth followed an exponential …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Postbuckling And Hysteresis Models Of Open-Web Girders, Jeng Fuh Ger, Franklin Y. Cheng

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The paper presents analytical studies of hysteretic behavior of open-web girders with angle web members. The partial inelasticity of the member cross section is traced using finite segment formulation with stress-strain control. A member is divided into a number of segments, and, for each segment, the cross section is divided into many small elements, which allows the inelastic deformation of the member to be modeled. Therefore, member stiffness is established for various inelastic deformation stages. The eccentricities and initial imperfections of web members are considered in the analysis. Good agreement between experimental and present analytical results was found for individual …

Behavior Of Arc Spot Weld Connections In Tension, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Arc spot welds, commonly called puddle welds, are widely used for connecting cold-formed steel roof decks to their supporting members. These support members are typically hot-rolled steel beams or girders, or the top chord of open-web steel joists. A comprehensive experimental study of the tension strength of arc spot weld connections used to affix a cold-formed steel roof deck to its support member was conducted. The study investigated the key parameters that influence the connection strength: Steel thickness, tensile strength, and ductility; type of weld process, automatic or manual; cross section of the roof deck; loading condition, symmetrical or eccentric …

Permeation Of Several Gases Through Elastomers, With Emphasis On The Deuterium/Hydrogen Pair, M. (Mark) W. Fitch, W. J. Koros, R. L. Nolen, J. R. Carnes

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Diffusion and Permeation Coefficients for He, H2, D2, O2, and N2 in a Variety of Elastomers Were Measured by Simple Manometric Methods. the Elastomers Studied Were Butyl Rubber; Hypalon® 40 and 45; Viton® E60 and GF; Hydrin® 100 and Filled Hydrin® 100; Kraton® G, FG, and KG VTEOS; EPDM; Epoxidized Natural Rubber; and Neoprene. Consistent with Earlier Studies, Elastomers with Higher Glass Transition Temperatures Exhibited Lower Diffusion Coefficients. the Ratio of Diffusion Coefficients of the Hydrogen Isotope Pair Differed from the Purely Molecular‐weight‐based Prediction. Deuterium's Slightly Smaller Size Relative to Hydrogen is Consistent with Observed Deviations from the Molecular‐weight‐based …

An Analytical Investigation Of Aashto Load Equivalencies, Herbert F. Southgate

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

An objective of this study was to develop procedures and/or refined relationships between Kentucky ESALs and AASHTO ESALs. Kentucky load equivalency relationships are the result of mechanistic analyses based on elastic theory. AASHTO load equivalency relationships were developed from recorded empirical data collected at the AASHO Road Test. Comparison of Kentucky and AASHTO ESALs necessarily in depth analyses of AASHTO load equivalency equations C-19, D-19, and their developmental equations given in the 1972 AASHTO Interm Guide. These equations evolved from the basic format used in analyzing AASHO Road Test data.

In this investigation, the repetitions reported in Appendix A of …

Mineralization And Uptake Of Triazine Pesticide In Soil-Plant Systems, Dhileepan R. Nair, Joel G. (Gerard) Burken, Louis A. Licht, Jerald L. Schnoor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Deep-Rooted Trees Planted as a Buffer Zone Can Intercept Runoff and Eroded Sediments, Thus Reducing Non-Point-Source Pollution Due to Agricultural Chemicals. in This Study, Populus Sp. Were Grown in Bioreactors with an Agricultural Soil (Silt-Loam) and in a Silica-Sand Media; Both Were Spiked with ¹⁴C Uniformly Ring-Labeled Atrazine. the Plants Took Up over 11% of the ¹⁴C Labeled Atrazine Applied to the Silt-Loam Soil and over 91% of that Applied to the Silica Sand Media, with the Majority of the ¹⁴C Accumulating as Nonphytotoxic Metabolites in the Leaves. Research Suggests that, in Addition to Nutrient Uptake, Poplar …

Computed Versus Observed Inelastic Seismic Low-Rise Rc Shear Walls, Franklin Y. Cheng, G. E. Mertz, M. S. Sheu, J. F. Ger

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A technique of calculating inelastic deformation of low-rise shear walls having height-width ratios of 0.5 and 0.75 without boundary elements is presented with consideration of the coupling effect for bending and shear deformations as well as the deformation due to base rotation. An interaction surface of moment, shear, and curvature or moment, shear, and shear strain is developed. The deflections at crack, yield, and ultimate loadings can be calculated separately from bending and shear deformations, which are compared favorably with experimental results. The shear deformation is significant for the low-rise walls studied because the deformation due to bending deformation is …

Postbreakage Behavior Of Heat Strengthened Laminated Glass Under Wind Effects, Chris P. Pantelides, Amy D. Horst, Joseph E. Minor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Results of a full-scale experimental investigation into the post breakage behavior of heat-strengthened laminated glass subjected to windstorm effects are presented. Two different interlayer constructions and two different glazing configurations are examined. The two interlayer constructions are a PVB polymer and a PVB/PET/PBV composite polymer. The two glazing configurations are a conventional dry glazed system and an unconventional system with a silicone anchor bead. Two test criteria are established that relate to effects of a severe windstorm. The first criterion addresses impact with windborne debris; the second defines a wind-load spectrum that represents a severe windstorm of a 4-hr duration. …

Collapse Behavior Of Pino Suarez Building During 1985 Mexico City Earthquake, Jeng Fuh Ger, Franklin Y. Cheng, Le Wu Lu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the investigation of the collapse behavior of a 22-story steel building during the September 19, 1985, Mexico City earthquake by studying hysteretic behavior, ductility factors of individual structural components, and overall instability of the building. Extensive inelastic analyses have been performed for the building by using the multicomponent seismic input of actual Mexico City earthquake records. It was found that the structural response exceeds the original design ductility of this building, and most girders in the building have severe inelastic deformation. Due to the load redistribution that results from ductile girder failure, local buckling occurred in many …

Simulation Of Daily Precipitation From A Nonparametric Renewal Model, Balaji Rajagopalan, Upmanu Lall, David G. Tarboton

Reports

Wet/dry spell characteristics of daily precipitation are of interest for a number of hydrologic applications (e.g., flood forecasting or assessment of erosion potential). Here, we examine issues related to designing an appropriate nonparametric scheme that focuses on spell characteristics for resampling historically daily precipitation data. A subset of the nonparametric wet/dry spell model presented in Lall et al (1993) is tested with synthetic data to justify the strategy proposed for applications. An application of the nonparametric wet/dry spell model to a Utah data set follows. Performance is judged on a set of statistical measures. Numerical comparisons of model performance with …

A Kernel Quantile Function Estimator For Flood Frequency Analysis, Young-Ii Moon, Upmanu Lall

Reports

A kernel estimator (KQ) of the quantile function is presented here. Boundary kernels are used for extrapolation of tail quantiles. The bandwidth of the estimator is chosen using an automatic, "plus-in" method. Confidence intervals for the estimated quantile are estimated by bootstrapping. Comparisons of the estimator with selected tail probability estimators are offered. The KQ estimator presented here is shown to be competitive with other estimators.

Effectiveness Determination Of Two Different Water-Saving Devices For Toilet Tanks, C. Earl Israelsen, Gilberto Urroz

Reports

Introduction: The project was successful in obtaining eight different brands of new toilet tanks in the 3.5 gals-per-flish-bariety, and two used ones requiring 5.0 gals per flish. The tanks were installed on a t atime on a padded stell frame and connected to a water supply. The float was adjusted to maintain the water in the tank at the level recommended by the manufacturer. When the flush and shut-off mechanisms were adjusted properly, the testing begain.

A Prototype Computer Based Tutorial For The Use Of Highway Patrol Radar Guns, William J. Grenney, Thad E. Senti

Reports

Executive Summary: The software contained in this package, termed POSAT (Police Officer Standards and Training) is the prototype knowledge-base decision support system developed specifically for the Utah State Police Academy. All police officers must be certified annual for the use of radar guns. This self-study computer program is intended to reduce the cost of providing field training for hundreds of police officers each year. By installing the POSAT software at remote locations, polic officers within a certain districut need only to travel to the nearest remote testing sight to take the exam and renew their radar certification. POSAT automatically transmits …

Computer Methodology For Transportation Agencies To Screen Technologies For Hazardous Waste Remediation, William J. Grenney, Ravi Kumar Penmetsa

Reports

Executive Summary: Many pathways exist for transportation agencies and other public and private agencies to become responsible for sites contaminated by hazardous wastes. As a reult, agencies frequently face a multitude of lega, regulatory, financial, technical, and health risk problems. When transportation agencies become involved in the remediation of hazardous waste sites, the common practice is to hire consultants and contractors for the clean up process. Because the field of hazardous waste site remediation is changing so rapidly, agency personnel evaluating the consultant's recommendations need to ahve access to the most recent regulatory and remediation information. Early stages of the …

Development Of Mountain Climate Generator And Snowpack Model For Erosion Predictions In The Western United States Using Wepp: Phase Iv, David S. Bowles, U. Lall, D. G. Tarboton, E. Malek, B. Rajagopalan, T. Chowdhury, E. Kluzak

Reports

Executive Summary: Introduction: This report summarizes work conducted during the funding period (December 1, 1991 through September 30, 1992) of a Research Joint Venture Agreement between the Intermountain Research Station, Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), Utah State University (USU). The purpose of the agreement is to develop a Western Mountain Cilmate Generator (MCLIGEN) similar in function to the existing (non-orographic area) Climate Generator (CLIGEN), which is part of the Water Erosion Prediciton Project (WEPP) procedure. Aso, we are developing a Western U.S. Snowpack Simulation Model for includsion in WEPP. In the …

Interpretation Of Drill Log Data: Dlog3d - A Probabilistic Tool For Analyzing Subsurface Soil Variability, Alaa El-Din Ali, Upmanu Lall

Reports

Groundwater contamination potential is directly related to the location of zones of high hydraulic conductivity. Sedimentary depositional environments can be quite complex. Pockets of sand of varying thickness and orientation may be scattered over the aquifer. A contaminant pathway can esist where these pockets or lenses are interconnected. Aquifer pump tests do not provide useful information on the occurrence of such lenses. Drill log data directly sample the soil, but may represent very local sections of the aquifer, and are of relatively poor quality. Here we present a methodology (DLOG3D) that allows a probabilistic interpretation of drill log data that …

Development Of Guidelines And Performance For Asphalt Pavements Containing Rubber -- Review Of State-Of-The-Practice, Kamyar C. Mahboub, Donn E. Hancher

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This interim report provides a summary of key points that are important to successful implementation of the asphalt rubber technology in Kentucky in accordance with ISTEA. Various asphalt rubber technologies are presented in this report along with their advantages and disadvantages. Issues related to structural design and construction are discussed. A variety of environmental issues such as: emissions, leachate and issues related to future recyclability are presented. Finally, criteria are recommended to be used for selection of future asphalt rubber projects in Kentucky.

Evaluation Of Clsm (Flowable Fill) For Trench Backfill, Bobby W. Meade, David Q. Hunsucker, Michael D. Stone

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), commonly referred to as flowable fill, has been used for years as a trench backfill for utility repairs in Kentucky, but had not been previously used by the Kentucky Department of Highways (KDQH). In 1991, the KDOH awarded a contract for the reconstruction of Breckinridge Lane in Louisville where CLSM was used as trench backfill for all storm drainage. In 1992, the KDOH awarded a contract for replacement of cross drains for US 25 in Fayette County where CLSM was used as trench backfill. These two sites were monitored for field performance, cylinders were cast …

The Removal Of Lead-Based Paint From Steel Bridges, Theodore Hopwood Ii, Christopher M. Oberst

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to assist the Department of Highways in conducting bridge-painting operations involving removal of existing lead-based paint. Pertinent state and Federal regulations affecting generation of hazardous wastes, limiting environmental pollution and protecting public and worker safety were obtained and reviewed.State highway agendas were surveyed relative to how they conducted maintenance bridge painting involving lead-based. paints and comply with applicable regulations. Information from the painting industry related to sale removal of lead-based paints was also reviewed.

Based upon the reviews of applicable regulations, operations of other state highway agencies and painting industry practices, the best demonstrated …

Traffic Accident Investigation, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The information given in this report deals with the reporting and at-scene investigation of traffic accidents. The procedure to complete the uniform police traffic accident report used in Kentucky is described. Also, the proper procedure necessary to document the accident scene is described. The objective of this report is to summarize the material included in the "Traffic Accident Investigation" workshop. The workshop also included case studies which were used to illustrate the procedures for proper reporting and documenting traffic accidents. Slides were used to show traffic accident scenes in order to illustrate the proper interpretation and documentation of accident scene …

Long-Term Performance Of Flexible Pavements Located On Cement-Treated Soils, Tommy C. Hopkins, David Q. Hunsucker, Tony L. Beckham

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Long-term performance of flexible pavements located on cement-treated soils and the longevity of soil-cement subgrades are examined at sections of four highway routes. Ages of the soil-cement subgrades range from 6 to 30 years. Field and laboratory studies were conducted at each section. Generally. the soil-cement subgrades were non-plastic and were classified as SM, or sandy silt, according to the Unified Soil Classification System, although the classification of the untreated soil subgrades located below the treated layers ranged from CL (clay) to GC (clayey gravel). Plasticity index of the untreated soils ranged from non-plastic to 44 percent. Generally, the untreated …

Kentucky Traffic Accident Facts 1993 Report, Kentucky State Police

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

KENTUCKY'S TRAFFIC ACCIDENT FACTS report for 1993 is based on accident reports submitted to the Accident Unit housed in the Kentucky State Police Information Services Branch, Records Section. As required by Kentucky Revised Statutes 189.635, "every law enforcement agency whose officers investigate a vehicle accident of which a report must be made ... shall file a report of the accident ... within ten days after investigation of the accident upon forms supplied by the bureau." The stated purpose of this requirement is to utilize data on traffic accidents" for such purposes as will improve the traffic safety program in the …

Embankment Widening And Grade Raising On Soft Foundation Soils, Phase 2, Scott Ludlow, Wai-Fah Chen, Philippe L. Bourdeau, C. W. Lovell

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.