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Articles 211 - 240 of 369
Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering
Jemez River Case Study: Utilizing A Froude Number Similitude Physical Model, 1-D Mobile Bed Numerical Model, And A 2-D Fixed Bed Numerical Model For Weir Design Insight, Emile Kareem Saint-Lot
Jemez River Case Study: Utilizing A Froude Number Similitude Physical Model, 1-D Mobile Bed Numerical Model, And A 2-D Fixed Bed Numerical Model For Weir Design Insight, Emile Kareem Saint-Lot
Civil Engineering ETDs
Physical and numerical models have been widely used to describe flooding patterns and to gain further understanding of river hydraulics around complex structures. Located on the Jemez River in New Mexico, the Jemez Weir stops the upstream progression of stream degradation and supports healthy upstream riparian vegetation. Localized bed scour began to occur just downstream of the Jemez Weir following construction. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) built the structure in 2003 and developed a HEC-RAS model in 2010 to re-evaluate the long term bed degradation downstream of the weir to assess structure stability. Additionally, the USACE estimated …
Evaluation Of Moisture, Suction Effects And Durability Performance Of Lime Stabilized Clayey Subgrade Soils, Md Tahmidur Rahman
Evaluation Of Moisture, Suction Effects And Durability Performance Of Lime Stabilized Clayey Subgrade Soils, Md Tahmidur Rahman
Civil Engineering ETDs
Resilient modulus (MR) of soils is well-accepted and essential parameter for structural design of flexible pavements using the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). A comprehensive laboratory study is undertaken to evaluate the moisture, suction effects and durability performance on resilient modulus (MR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of lime treated clayey subgrade soils. Two subgrade soils: the AASHTO class A-6 and A-7-6 are collected from US 491 road site in New Mexico. Cylindrical soil specimens are prepared according to NCHRP 1-28A at three lime percentages: 0%, 5% and 7% which are selected based on pH test. MR tests on …
Permeability And Moisture Damage Characteristics Of Asphalt Pavements, Mohiuddin Ahmad
Permeability And Moisture Damage Characteristics Of Asphalt Pavements, Mohiuddin Ahmad
Civil Engineering ETDs
In the past, numerous studies have been conducted on the topics of moisture damage and permeability, but very few studies have correlated permeability with moisture damage in Asphalt Concrete (AC). This study evaluates whether such a relation exists or not. In addition, correlations of permeability with AC mix volumetrics and pores are evaluated. Also, correlation of laboratory permeability with field permeability is examined. In this study, a field survey is conducted to identify a set of eight pavements (bad) that are known to suffer from moisture damage and a set of eight pavements (good) that do not exhibit moisture damage. …
New Generation Polymer Concrete Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes, Sherif Daghash
New Generation Polymer Concrete Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes, Sherif Daghash
Civil Engineering ETDs
Polymer Concrete (PC) is one of three types of polymers in concrete that was introduced in the 1950s and has had many successful civil engineering applications. PC is recognized in the industry as a mix of aggregate and polymer resin with no Portland cement. PC has been favoured over conventional Portland cement concrete when special characteristics such as low permeability, high adhesion, and/or high durability for service in aggressive (e.g. chemical) environments are required. In this research, a new generation of PC incorporating Multi-Walled Carbon Nano-Tubes (MWCNTs) was produced and its mechanical properties were investigated. Four mixes of PC with …
Modeling Moisture-Induced Damage In Asphalt Concrete, Mohammad Hossain
Modeling Moisture-Induced Damage In Asphalt Concrete, Mohammad Hossain
Civil Engineering ETDs
Moisture damage in Asphalt Concrete (AC) is not new but an unsolved problem. For decades laboratory studies have been conducted on both loose and compacted mix to understand the effects of moisture on the AC damage. Adhesive and cohesive damages are the two major types of damages occur inside the AC. Adhesive damage is a separation between aggregate and coated mastic or matrix materials and cohesive damage is the degradation of strength of matrix materials within the AC samples. In this study, Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling technique is used to identify initiation and progression of adhesive and cohesive damage. …
Nighttime Evapotranspiration In A Semiarid Climate Using A Hemispherical Chamber, Jacob Collison
Nighttime Evapotranspiration In A Semiarid Climate Using A Hemispherical Chamber, Jacob Collison
Civil Engineering ETDs
Nighttime evapotranspiration (ETn) is typically underestimated, miscalculated or ignored when producing daily, seasonal, or annual evapotranspiration (ET) models using energy-balance and aerodynamic conceptual models, such as the Penman-Monteith ET equation. The objective of this study is to increase the understanding of ETn contribution to daily ET (ET24) sums by using a hemispherical chamber to measure ETn on three separate nights in the spring, summer, and fall in eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, 2012; a semiarid region where annual potential ET losses exceed annual precipitation. The hemispherical chamber is equipped with high-accuracy relative humidity and temperature sensors that measure ET directly …
Incipient Motion Of Mixed Sediment Load On The Rio Chama, Angela Gregory
Incipient Motion Of Mixed Sediment Load On The Rio Chama, Angela Gregory
Civil Engineering ETDs
Discharge and sediment supply are the primary controls affecting the ability of rivers to adjust. When these are modified to manage water resources for human needs, the ecosystem that relied on them is often negatively impacted. The river that once knew a specific dynamic equilibrium is forced to change. The result is usually changes in hydraulic geometry, a decrease in heterogeneity, bed armoring, disconnected floodplains, vegetative establishment and ecological impacts. Environmental flows are a way to find a middle ground for water resource managers and the physical and ecological needs of the river. The Rio Chama, between El Vado Dam …
Evaluation Of Hydraulic Roughness Routines And Properties In The Presence Of Vegetation, Abdou Harissou Ouro Bang'na Nassam
Evaluation Of Hydraulic Roughness Routines And Properties In The Presence Of Vegetation, Abdou Harissou Ouro Bang'na Nassam
Civil Engineering ETDs
Hydraulic roughness in the presence of vegetation is notoriously difficult to predict. However, reliable methods for predicting flow resistance in vegetated channels and floodplains are needed in order to address the needs of modern river engineering. To this end, the objectives of this research were: (1) to evaluate methods for determining hydraulic roughness within open channels in the presence of vegetation, and (2) to advance understanding of the influence of vegetation on the turbulence characteristics of the flow field. Three major activities were completed in order to address these objectives. First, a roughness calculator spreadsheet was developed based on a …
Parallel Simulation Of Particle Dynamics With Application To Micropolar Peridynamic Lattice Modeling Of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Hossein Honarvar Gheitanbaf
Parallel Simulation Of Particle Dynamics With Application To Micropolar Peridynamic Lattice Modeling Of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Hossein Honarvar Gheitanbaf
Civil Engineering ETDs
As the first goal of this thesis, we will explain a general purpose parallel particle dynamics code (pdQ2). We describe the re-architecting of pdQ (the MD/PD code that was developed in [Sakhavand 2011]) as pdQ2. pdQ2 is completely non-domain-specific in that user files are clearly separated from non-user files and no #ifdefs exist in the code. Thus, it operates as a particle simulation engine that is capable of executing any parallel particle dynamics model. As in the original pdQ, users can customize their own physical models without having to deal with complexities such as parallelization, but the ease of extensibility …
Detection And Characterization Of Impact Damage In Carbon Fiber Aircraft Fuselage Structure, Stephen Neidigk
Detection And Characterization Of Impact Damage In Carbon Fiber Aircraft Fuselage Structure, Stephen Neidigk
Civil Engineering ETDs
As the use of advanced composite materials continues to grow in the aviation industry, damage detection techniques need to be developed and tested. Impact damage on aluminum aircraft structures can be detected from obvious surface indications. This is not the case in composite aircraft structure. Large interply delaminations and substructure disbonding may occur as a result of an impact, often leaving no visual indications of damage. This research investigates the use of conventional hand-deployed ultrasonic (UT) inspection techniques and more advanced UT pulse-echo and resonance scanning techniques to detect and characterize damage in full-scale carbon fiber fuselage structure. It also …
Dynamic Vegetation Roughness In The Riparian Zone, Tyler Gillihan
Dynamic Vegetation Roughness In The Riparian Zone, Tyler Gillihan
Civil Engineering ETDs
Vegetation in the floodplain plays an important role in dictating the hydraulics of an open channel river system. While vegetation is beneficial to the biological productivity of the river system, it can also increase flood risk due to increased channel roughness. Traditional means of predicting flow hydraulics involve applying a constant roughness value, while neglecting change in roughness due to flow characteristics and variation of vegetation parameters. The objective of this research was to develop and demonstrate techniques to hydraulically model an open channel river system while taking into account dynamic roughness due to vegetation. The Sedimentation and River Hydraulics …
Significance Of Nanosilica Incorporation In Type G Oil Well Cement Pastes, Andrew Griffin
Significance Of Nanosilica Incorporation In Type G Oil Well Cement Pastes, Andrew Griffin
Civil Engineering ETDs
Emergent interest in advanced hydrocarbon exploration and geological carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration has brought about a requisite for improving existing oil well cementing materials and understanding the macro and microstructural characterization mechanisms of oil well cement (OWC). OWC slurries have stringent performance requirements, including low viscosity, rapid strength development, low permeability and enhanced degradation resistance. Preliminary research work showed that nanosilica is capable of reducing OWC porosity and therefore is was thought that nanosilica incorporation may have potential to improve the aforementioned performance requirements. In this research, Type G OWC paste specimens produced with water to binder (w/b) ratio of …
Investigation Of Internal Damping In Carbon Fiber And Steel Cables, Yuanzhong Qiu
Investigation Of Internal Damping In Carbon Fiber And Steel Cables, Yuanzhong Qiu
Civil Engineering ETDs
The characterization of cable damping is important for the stability and performance of structures deployed in space using cables. However, literature available for the analysis of carbon fiber cable damping and its effect on dynamical behavior of deployable space structure is scarce. The objective of this work is to examine the variation of cable damping involving different cable properties and the ambient environments through several carefully instrumented tests. An analytical model to predict damping based on internal forces and variable cable geometry is developed and compared with those of tests. An experimental set-up for the measurement of cable damping is …
Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposite For Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Applications, Sherif Aboubakr
Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposite For Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Applications, Sherif Aboubakr
Civil Engineering ETDs
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have been utilized in rehabilitation and strengthening of civil infrastructure, and fabrication of aerospace, automotive and marine structural components. This is attributed to the high strength-to-weight ratio and durability of CFRP. However, for strengthening using externally bonded CFRP laminates, creep of epoxy adhesive at the CFRP interface can result in off-loading of the CFRP and inefficient structural strengthening. When the CFRP strengthened structure is subjected to sustained loads, creep of epoxy should be carefully considered and controlled. Moreover, utilization of CFRP in fabrication of such structural components is rapidly demanding the enhancement of the …
Understanding The Role Of Gravity In The Crystallization Suppression Of Zblan Glass, Anthony Torres
Understanding The Role Of Gravity In The Crystallization Suppression Of Zblan Glass, Anthony Torres
Civil Engineering ETDs
Fluorozirconate glasses, such as ZBLAN (ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF), have the potential for optical transmission from 0.3 μm in the UV to 7 μm in the IR region. However, crystallites formed during the fiber drawing process prevent this glass from achieving its low loss-capability. Other researchers have shown that microgravity processing leads to suppressed crystal growth in ZBLAN glass, which can lead to lower transmission loss in the desired mid-IR range. However, the mechanism governing crystal growth suppression has not been thoroughly investigated. In the present research multiple ZBLAN samples were subjected to a heating and quenching test apparatus on a parabolic aircraft …
Defining And Evaluating Agile Construction Management For Reducing Time Delays In Construction, Fei Han
Defining And Evaluating Agile Construction Management For Reducing Time Delays In Construction, Fei Han
Civil Engineering ETDs
Both competitive market forces and growing societal needs have triggered the demand for rapid delivery of construction projects, or at a minimum, for projects completed on schedule. However, schedule delays are common and recurring in construction, inevitably resulting in rework, cost overruns and legal claims. As projects become increasingly complicated, delays arise in a more unpredictable manner. The initial motivation for this research is to explore a systematic flexibility to deal with delays caused by complex changes in construction and meanwhile enhance the overall project performance. Accordingly, agile construction management is proposed in terms of a conceptual framework. Derived from …
Improvements On Manual Pavement Distress Data Collection To Conform To State And Federal Requirements, Kelly Montoya
Improvements On Manual Pavement Distress Data Collection To Conform To State And Federal Requirements, Kelly Montoya
Civil Engineering ETDs
The purpose of this study is to align the pavement distress data of the state of New Mexicos pavement management system with that of the federal highway system, the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS), while concurrently reducing variability, increasing data consistency, and providing a greater quantity of specific data items to be considered in pavement preservation and keeping costs under control. The distress rating codes used by NMDOT in reporting severity and extent do not readily correlate to the data required in the HPMS system. To form a usable data set for both NMDOT's PMS and the federal HPMS, an …
Reconsidering Composite Action On Strength Of Wood Roof Systems, Ivan Antonio Camposvarela
Reconsidering Composite Action On Strength Of Wood Roof Systems, Ivan Antonio Camposvarela
Civil Engineering ETDs
Structural aspects of the installation of photovoltaic (PV) modules on existing wood roof framing systems are considered. Often, existing roofs are inadequate to resist even current minimum design loads, much less the extra weight of PV modules. Rather than requiring expensive retrofits, it is desired to bring these under-strength roofs into compliance with current codes by reconsidering composite action, produced by the joist-sheathing interaction of the assembly, on the bending strength of joists. The effect of composite action can be quantified by considering a composite T-beam, with the wood joist being the web and the structural sheathing being the flange. …
Alternatives To Pci And Micropaver Based Maintenance Solutions For Airport Pavements, Md Mostaqur Rahman
Alternatives To Pci And Micropaver Based Maintenance Solutions For Airport Pavements, Md Mostaqur Rahman
Civil Engineering ETDs
Airport pavements need to be maintained for adequate health condition by implementing cost effective maintenance solutions. Traditionally, maintenance and repair techniques have been developed based on the minimum acceptable Pavement Condition Index (PCI). However, there are pavements which show high PCI but have low Structural Condition Index (SCI); though these pavements are good in terms of functional condition, their structural condition is not good. This may lead to pavement reconstruction after a few years of service life, instead of minor repair. Therefore, there is a need to combine a study of functional and structural conditions. Moreover, the Life Cycle Cost …
Nanomechanical Characterization Of Asphalt, Hasan Faisal
Nanomechanical Characterization Of Asphalt, Hasan Faisal
Civil Engineering ETDs
In this study, asphalt binder and asphalt concrete (AC) materials are characterized using laboratory nanoindentation testing and mechanical models. Traditionally, laboratory nanoindentation test data is analyzed using the Oliver-Pharr method to determine elastic modulus and hardness of materials. In a nanoindentation test, a test sample surface is indented or loaded by a hard indenter tip and then unloaded. In the past, several studies of the polymer materials area have selected a loading rate and dwell time (i.e., the peak load is kept constant for a few seconds before unloading) to avoid or minimize the viscous effect of a material. No …
Structural Health Monitoring Of Bolted Joints Using Thermal Contact Resistance And Ultrasonic Signals, Mohammad Jalalpour
Structural Health Monitoring Of Bolted Joints Using Thermal Contact Resistance And Ultrasonic Signals, Mohammad Jalalpour
Civil Engineering ETDs
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is the set of non-intrusive techniques used for early damage detection and recognition in structures. Using advances from communication and sensing technology in the past two decades, various SHM systems have been developed to ensure infrastructure safety. Bolted joints in most aerospace structures are useful components that enable easy assembly and disassembly for maintenance purposes. However, human workmanship engaged in the process of assembly makes an integrity check of the bolted joints a necessary process. Robust monitoring of such bolted joints is a critical task for increasing reliability in aerospace structures. This dissertation investigates methods for …
The Effects Of Acetate Concentrations On Competition Between Microbial Populations In Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal From Wastewater, Yunjie Tu
Civil Engineering ETDs
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a popular modification of the activated sludge process, and has been studied and applied for decades. It was hypothesized that the bacteria responsible for EBPR, polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), have an advantage over their competitors, the glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). Because research EBPR systems have been primarily sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), which include rapid feed addition and relatively high substrate concentrations, while full scale systems often include complete mix reactors, which yield generally lower substrate concentrations due to instantaneous dilution of influent, evaluating this hypothesis has both fundamental and applied implications. The primary objectives …
Quantifying The Contribution Of Bank Storage Due To An Alteration In Stream Stage, Jeffrey Samson
Quantifying The Contribution Of Bank Storage Due To An Alteration In Stream Stage, Jeffrey Samson
Civil Engineering ETDs
The desire to control rivers to reduce risks of flooding while providing water storage for municipal and agricultural uses has resulted in the disconnection of rivers from their floodplains. An important and often neglected outcome of this detachment is the loss of a plethora of important ecosystem services. This research was focused on answering the following questions related to riparian groundwater storage (bank storage): 1) What is the time to saturation (maximum storage) and time to release of bank storage water as the result of a flood pulse that overbanks a portion of the floodplain?; 2) How does soil stratigraphy …
Peridynamic Constitutive Model For Concrete, Bhanu Kiran Tuniki
Peridynamic Constitutive Model For Concrete, Bhanu Kiran Tuniki
Civil Engineering ETDs
Peridynamics, as originally proposed by Silling in 1998, is a spatio-temporal integral reformulation of the classical partial differential equations of motion. In contrast with the classical theory, the concepts of stress and strain are not needed in peridynamics. The original bond-based peridynamic theory has several drawbacks including being limited to modeling materials with Poissons ratio of one-quarter. In 2007, Silling generalized his model by introducing state-based peridynamics. Sau et al. proposed a micropolar model for concrete in 2007, but were unable to fully implement the model. In 2011, Sakhavand developed software called pdQ that is capable of modeling micropolar peridynamics. …
Concrete Microstructure Homogenization Technique With Application To Model Concrete Serviceability, Tai Fan
Concrete Microstructure Homogenization Technique With Application To Model Concrete Serviceability, Tai Fan
Civil Engineering ETDs
Conventionally, mechanical properties of concrete are attained through experiment by leaving microstructural phases interaction in a black box. To fully understand concrete, it is necessary to bridge the gap between microstructure and macro properties. In this dissertation, with several models being given progressively, an innovative homogenization model of concrete is proposed in which concrete is regarded as cement and aggregate particles connected by interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Defined on a representative volume element (RVE), the relationship between microstructure and macro properties is established. The proposed model is validated by experimental results and then applied in the study of concrete serviceability. …
The Effect Of Mica On The Aging Of Asphalt Binder, Helen Sobien
The Effect Of Mica On The Aging Of Asphalt Binder, Helen Sobien
Civil Engineering ETDs
Asphalt Concrete (AC) consists of approximately 95% aggregate, by weight. Of this 95%, about 6% is smaller than 0.075 mm in size (passing the #200 sieve and called fines). The fines often contain mica. Mica is a formation of silicate minerals having perfect basal cleavage. It can be peeled apart in very thin sheets and is usually found in deposits of granite, quartz and other rock that is commonly used for aggregate. Mica has been shown to reduce the strength of asphalt concrete. This study evaluates the effects of mica on asphalt materials subjected to aging. A total of five …
Characterizing And Modeling The Hydrologic Properties Of Coal Combustion By-Products In Landfills, Ryan Webb
Characterizing And Modeling The Hydrologic Properties Of Coal Combustion By-Products In Landfills, Ryan Webb
Civil Engineering ETDs
Coal combustion byproducts (CCBs) disposed of in unlined landfills can impact the quality of adjacent water resources. In previous studies, CCBs have been found to leach toxic heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, and lead into groundwater. CCBs include fly ash, bottom ash, and flue gas desulfurization product (FGD gypsum). This investigation focused on determination of the saturated and unsaturated hydraulic properties of fly ash and bottom ash to then be used in order to develop a 1-dimensional unsaturated flow model. Ash samples from a power plant as well as core samples from buried CCB pits were collected for laboratory …
Seasonal Influent Characterization, Model Calibration, Srt And Energy Usage For Nitrogen Removal At A Full Scale Wastewater Plant, Roozbeh Raoufi
Seasonal Influent Characterization, Model Calibration, Srt And Energy Usage For Nitrogen Removal At A Full Scale Wastewater Plant, Roozbeh Raoufi
Civil Engineering ETDs
This study focused on factors affecting biological denitrification in wastewater treatment. Denitrification is a process in which heterotrophic bacteria use nitrate as an electron acceptor (in the absence of oxygen) and organic carbon as an electron donor (commonly measured as chemical oxygen demand, or COD). The availability of sufficient COD is commonly the limiting factor for denitrification at many wastewater plants, with some plants having to purchase external carbon sources (such as acetic acid) to meet stringent nitrogen limits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different primary effluent characteristics (COD components), solid retention times (SRTs), …
Selective Salt Recovery From Reverse Osmosis Concentrate Using Inter-Stage Ion Exchange, Joshua E. Goldman
Selective Salt Recovery From Reverse Osmosis Concentrate Using Inter-Stage Ion Exchange, Joshua E. Goldman
Civil Engineering ETDs
A treatment process for reverse osmosis concentrate was developed to recover selected salts and increase fresh water recovery. The process utilizes cation and anion exchange to exchange all ions in the concentrate stream for sodium and chloride. The sodium chloride stream, with reduced scaling potential, can be treated further by a second reverse osmosis stage or another volume reduction technique to recover additional fresh water. The resulting concentrated sodium chloride stream can be used as ion exchange regeneration solution. Regeneration solutions from the cation and anion exchange columns are mixed to precipitate specific salts. In order to demonstrate the concepts …
Measuring And Evaluating Physical Strain To Improve Construction Workforce Productivity, Umberto Carlo Gatti
Measuring And Evaluating Physical Strain To Improve Construction Workforce Productivity, Umberto Carlo Gatti
Civil Engineering ETDs
Anecdotal evidence suggests that there is a reciprocal relationship between physical strain and workforce productivity and safety performance. Hence, a monitoring technology able to assess physical strain through the analysis of workers physiological parameters may be an important step in improving safety and productivity. However, clear relationships between physical strain, safety, and productivity have yet to be determined. Moreover, previous studies showed limitations regarding the monitoring of physiological parameters. Innovative monitoring devices, called Physiological Status Monitors (PSMs), have overcome the past limitations enabling real-time monitoring of workers' physiological parameters. Thus, this research evaluated PSM suitability for construction workforce monitoring by …