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Articles 181 - 210 of 369
Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Effect Of Biofilm Carrier Length On Nitrification In Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors: An Examination Of Mixing Intensity, Shock Loadings, And Ph Changes, Kody Garcia
Civil Engineering ETDs
Biofilms grown on free-floating attachment surfaces, as in integrated fixed film activated sludg (IFAS) and moving bed bioreactors (MBBRs) are commonly used in wastewater treatment, but little is known about how media geometry affects the biofilms and process performance. The objective of this study was to compare nitrification and growth of biofilms grown on different length media in bench-scale MBBRs. The carriers were cut from high density polyethylene tubing with one media type one-third the length of the other, but with inner and outer diameter dimensions identical. Each bioreactor was continuously operated with coarse bubble aeration and provided with a …
Analytical Modeling Of Rutting Potential Of Asphalt Mixes Using Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device, Matias Mario Mendez Larrain
Analytical Modeling Of Rutting Potential Of Asphalt Mixes Using Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device, Matias Mario Mendez Larrain
Civil Engineering ETDs
Asphalt Concrete (AC) is susceptible to permanent deformation under traffic loading which is affected by AC temperature, mixture type, gradation, aggregate type, binder type and so on. There is no complete research in the literature which examined all these factors at the same time. This study evaluated the above mentioned factors in the deformation behavior of AC. Thin AC cylindrical samples were prepared using 20 different AC mixtures collected from different construction sites in New Mexico (NM). As a first step, effects of test temperatures, type of aggregate, binder grade, type of mixture and gradation on the permanent deformation of …
Sensitivity Of Distress Rate To Observed Distress Levels, David R. Barboza
Sensitivity Of Distress Rate To Observed Distress Levels, David R. Barboza
Civil Engineering ETDs
The New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT) uses a composite pavement condition index to identify and rank roads for budgeting and scheduling repairs. NMDOT uses an index number called the Pavement Serviceability Index or PSI. A key component of this index number is the Distress Rate (DR) which is comprised of pavement distress severities and extents with a weighting factor assigned for each distress. Until 2013, NMDOT conducted pavement evaluations manually and in 2012 revised how pavement distress data were collected and evaluated. The two pavement distress collection procedures that were altered the most were for transverse cracking and alligator …
The State-Based Peridynamic Lattice Model And Reinforced Concrete Structures, Seth Mcvey
The State-Based Peridynamic Lattice Model And Reinforced Concrete Structures, Seth Mcvey
Civil Engineering ETDs
Continuum mechanics is the leading tool used in computational solid mechanics. Continuum mechanics, however, assumes a materials body to be continuous, represented by analytical functions. This assumption is unrealistic for reinforced concrete structures, which become discontinuous as cracks form. Silling has proposed a nonlocal theory called peridynamics and Gerstle has specialized his idea to develop the state-based peridynamic lattice model (SPLM). The SPLM sufficiently models nonlinear deformation fields using an organized lattice, force states, and stretches. In this thesis, we use, develop, and modify the SPLM to model reinforced concrete structures. We use the SPLM to predict the strength of …
Significance Of U-Wrap Frp Shear Strengthening On Flexural Behavior Of Rc Beams Strengthened Using Near Surface Mounted Frp Bars, Rahulreddy Chennareddy
Significance Of U-Wrap Frp Shear Strengthening On Flexural Behavior Of Rc Beams Strengthened Using Near Surface Mounted Frp Bars, Rahulreddy Chennareddy
Civil Engineering ETDs
The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of U-wrap shear strengthening on the flexural behavior of Near Surface Mounted (NSM) Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) strengthened Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams. It is well-known that the performance of NSM-FRP technique is strongly dependent on bond performance between adhesive-concrete and adhesive-FRP interface. Although a full development length is provided for the NSM FRP bar, rupture of the FRP bar is highly unlikely. This is attributed to the fact that the NSM FRP bar typically observes a stress level lower than 60% of its ultimate capacity at RC beam failure by …
Data-Driven Bayesian Method-Based Traffic Crash Driver Injury Severity Formulation, Analysis, And Inference, Cong Chen
Civil Engineering ETDs
Traffic crashes have resulted in significant cost to society in terms of life and economic losses, and comprehensive examination of crash injury outcome patterns is of practical importance. By inferring the parameters of interest from prior information and studied datasets, Bayesian models are efficient methods in data analysis with more accurate results, but their applications in traffic safety studies are still limited. By examining the driver injury severity patterns, this research is proposed to systematically examine the applicability of Bayesian methods in traffic crash driver injury severity prediction in traffic crashes. In this study, three types of Bayesian models are …
Investigation Of Membrane Fouling And Cleaning In Direct Contact Membrane Distillation Of Municipal Wastewater, Michelle Miller
Investigation Of Membrane Fouling And Cleaning In Direct Contact Membrane Distillation Of Municipal Wastewater, Michelle Miller
Civil Engineering ETDs
Municipal wastewater discharge to the environment is generally subject to regulations established under the Clean Water Act. Though the water is highly treated it is not suitable for human consumption. Increased interest in water reuse for potable supply introduces concern about trace constituents present in their water, such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors. Current treatment processes, such as reverse osmosis, are used to remove many of these compounds, but is expensive and energy intensive. The rise of interest in potable water reuse may cause consumers to be concerned about trace constituents present in their water and would require additional treatment. …
Wellbore Microannulus Characterization And Seal Repair: Computational And Lab Scale Modeling, Steven Gomez
Wellbore Microannulus Characterization And Seal Repair: Computational And Lab Scale Modeling, Steven Gomez
Civil Engineering ETDs
Subsurface geologic formations used for extracting resources such as oil and gas can subsequently be used as a storage reservoir for the common greenhouse gas CO2, a concept known as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Pre-existing wellbores penetrate the reservoirs where supercritical CO2 is to be injected. These wellbores can potentially be a pathway for contamination if CO2 leaks through wellbore flaws to an overlying aquifer or the atmosphere. Characterizing wellbore integrity and providing zonal isolation by repairing these wellbore flaws is of critical importance to the long-term isolation of CO2 and success of CCS. This research aims to characterize …
Modified Inverse First-Order Reliability Method (I-Form) For Predicting Extreme Sea States, Aubrey Celia Eckert-Gallup
Modified Inverse First-Order Reliability Method (I-Form) For Predicting Extreme Sea States, Aubrey Celia Eckert-Gallup
Civil Engineering ETDs
Environmental contours describing extreme sea states are generated as the input for numerical or physical model simulations as a part of the standard current practice for designing marine structures to survive extreme sea states. Such environmental contours are characterized by combinations of significant wave height (Hs) and energy period (Te) or peak period (Tp) values calculated for a given recurrence interval using a set of data based on hindcast simulations or buoy observations over a sufficient period of record. The use of the inverse first-order reliability method (I-FORM) is standard design practice for generating environmental contours. This thesis develops enhanced …
Examination Of Silica Removal With Solids Recycle For Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment, Magdalena Sims
Examination Of Silica Removal With Solids Recycle For Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment, Magdalena Sims
Civil Engineering ETDs
Water treatment methods serve to remove harmful constituents from ground and surface waters prior to municipal distribution by exploiting the physical and chemical properties of those constituents. Properties can include size, charge, or solubility. Silica (SiO2) is difficult to remove during water treatment because it can exist in ground and surface waters as various dissolved and particulate species, all of which are defined by different properties. Silica speciation is dependent on variables like pH, temperature, concentration, and ionic composition. Consumption of silica as it exists in drinking water is not dangerous to humans or animals, but it can form damaging …
Thermal Fatigue Damage Of Asphalt Pavement, Md Islam
Thermal Fatigue Damage Of Asphalt Pavement, Md Islam
Civil Engineering ETDs
Fatigue damage can be defined by a decrease in stiffness of Asphalt Concrete (AC) under repeated traffic loading. For each cycle of traffic loading, tensile strain develops at the bottom of AC layer of an asphalt pavement. Some localized damages occur in the material at minute-scale due to this developed tensile strain. These damages cause decrease in stiffness (E) of AC. Damage caused by a single vehicle is small. However the accumulated damage is not small if a large number of vehicles are considered over the design life of an asphalt pavement. After certain level of damage accumulation, bottom-up fatigue …
Structural Influences In Intensity Interferometry Correlation, Mark Harris
Structural Influences In Intensity Interferometry Correlation, Mark Harris
Civil Engineering ETDs
Pairing the information received from multiple telescopes to explore the universe is typically based on the interference phenomenon between amplitudes of light, rather their intensities. Brighter sources and larger telescopes allow for greater amounts of light to be collected, but do not specifically involve the intensity interference of electromagnetic fields. There is an alternate form of creating images of distant objects called Intensity Interferometry (II), which is less sensitive to atmospheric distortions and aberrations of telescope surfaces. The deficiencies of II are overcome as photo detectors become more sensitive and computers more powerful. In recognition of this possibility this dissertation …
Risk-Based Decision Making Model For The Selection Of Flood Mitigation Alternatives, Natalia M. Sanabria Andino
Risk-Based Decision Making Model For The Selection Of Flood Mitigation Alternatives, Natalia M. Sanabria Andino
Civil Engineering ETDs
In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the frequency of natural disasters such as wildfires, hurricanes and flooding, resulting in big economic, environmental, and social impacts. In the case of flood events, impacts such as community anxiety, loss of life, water pollution, and contamination of agricultural land have been found to be equally, if not more important, than the economic impacts of such events. Nevertheless, the literature shows that flood risk assessment studies incorporating economic, environmental, and societal impacts are limited. In addition, flood mitigation measures are typically compared focusing on economic criteria and not considering stakeholders …
Characterization Of Urban Storm Runoff By Monitoring Sediments And Riparian Vegetation, Adrienne Martinez
Characterization Of Urban Storm Runoff By Monitoring Sediments And Riparian Vegetation, Adrienne Martinez
Civil Engineering ETDs
Difficulties associated with monitoring urban stormwater quality present considerable challenges to stormwater managers in the arid southwest. Complexities arise from the infrequent occurrence of storm events, their highly localized extent, and the short duration of storm hydrographs. The presence of sediment in high amount can make both sample collection challenging and the interpretation of the resulting data difficult. This study explored an alternative strategy in which sediments and plant matter from within the channels in an urban watershed in the Northeast Heights of Albuquerque, New Mexico, were collected for analysis of metals from possible sources within the watershed. The upper …
High Shear Strain Characterization Of Plain Weave Fiber Reinforced Lamina, Michael Peterson
High Shear Strain Characterization Of Plain Weave Fiber Reinforced Lamina, Michael Peterson
Civil Engineering ETDs
Strain energy driven deployable structures have recently become of high interest to the deployable space structures community. Made out of thin composite sections, these structures possess increased stiffness and stabilization while reducing payload masses significantly. The added capability of self-deploying provides additional benefit in reducing structural complexity due to traditional mechanical systems typically required to deploy. One challenge to using such a structure is the high deployment accelerations that could potentially cause damage to the onboard payload if not managed properly. A solution to damp these deployments, while not sacrificing the performance benefits gained, is highly sought after within the …
Toward Improved Evaluation Of Large Scale Hydrologic Models: Estimation And Quantification Of Parameter Uncertainty, Lijuan Jia
Civil Engineering ETDs
With the development of increasingly complex hydrologic models that use a wide range of parameters to represent hydrologic processes both in space and time, many challenges arise with respect to simulation and quantification of uncertainty. The goal of this research is to introduce strategies to effectively and efficiently estimate and quantify hydrologic responses. A robust framework for parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification is proposed. The procedure also considers temporal variations over a time-series. Specifically, two issues of traditional estimation schemes and uncertainty quantification methods were addressed: overparameterization and reduction of parameter uncertainty through quantitative information. Parameters were categorized as distributed, …
Simulation Of Fracture Of Concrete Using Micropolar Peridynamics, Asadollahi Aziz
Simulation Of Fracture Of Concrete Using Micropolar Peridynamics, Asadollahi Aziz
Civil Engineering ETDs
The main goal of the thesis is to develop a constitutive damage model for simulating tensile fracture of concrete using the micropolar peridynamics model. Micropolar peridynamics was proposed by Gerstle in 2007 as a generalization to the bond based peridynamics method introduced by Silling in 2000, which was only capable of handling materials with specific Poissons ratios. Inspired by the bilinear cohesive model in the cohesive crack approach, a new constitutive damage model is proposed to simulate the tensile fracture of a normal-strength concrete. Laboratory experimental data for crack mouth opening displacement vs. load of notched beams, obtained by Chapman …
Soil Moisture Measurements And Modeling At A Geomorphically Reclaimed Coal Mine In New Mexico, Shahedur Rahman
Soil Moisture Measurements And Modeling At A Geomorphically Reclaimed Coal Mine In New Mexico, Shahedur Rahman
Civil Engineering ETDs
Geomorphic reclamation is a relatively new technique in which landforms are built to be similar to those that eventually form in nature given the particular conditions of a location, making them self-sustaining and functional. The near surface water balance will have a large impact on the establishment and health of vegetation which in turn is important for maintaining a stable landform. This study developed a one-dimensional water balance model for a geomorphically reclaimed site and used the model to investigate seed germination and plant survival for a range of slope aspects and climate conditions. Disturbed and undisturbed samples of reclaimed …
Community Analysis Of A Unique Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant As Revealed By 454-Pyrosequencing, Meghan Preut
Community Analysis Of A Unique Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant As Revealed By 454-Pyrosequencing, Meghan Preut
Civil Engineering ETDs
Activated sludge is one of the most commonly applied biological treatment processes for wastewater treatment. The microorganisms grown in activated sludge systems are responsible for the removal and transformation of wastewater contaminants. These bacterial populations are sensitive to wastewater characteristics, plant design and operational parameters. Because the effectiveness of activated sludge relies on microbial activity, a better understanding of the microbial communities and how they respond to constraints may be useful for improving plant performance. Environmental conditions in the activated sludge process are complex and the identification and classification of the communities present has proven a challenge for engineers as …
Synthesis And Multi-Scale Characterization Of Calcium Silicate Hydrate At Multiple Cao/Sio2 Mixture Ratios, Michelle Begaye
Synthesis And Multi-Scale Characterization Of Calcium Silicate Hydrate At Multiple Cao/Sio2 Mixture Ratios, Michelle Begaye
Civil Engineering ETDs
Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) is the primary binding agent that is responsible for setting and hardening, strength, dimensional stability, and durability of Portland cement paste. Although Portland cement hydration produces C-S-H, Calcium hydroxide (CH), ettringite, and other hydration products are also acquired from this process and make it difficult to characterize C-S-H exclusively. C-S-H was first synthesized by mixing calcium oxide (CaO), created by calcining calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that was heated to 950 \xbaC for 24 hours with fumed silica (SiO2) and deionized water (H2O) under nitrogen which produced the synthetic gel-like C-S-H slurry. This composition mixture of synthetic C-S-H …
The State-Based Peridynamic Lattice Model, Raybea Richardson
The State-Based Peridynamic Lattice Model, Raybea Richardson
Civil Engineering ETDs
The reigning material model of today is continuum mechanics. Continuum mechanics assumes that a material is continuous and can be represented by mathematical functions. This is an unreasonable assumption for concrete due in part to the fact that concrete cracks and the continuum mechanics model cannot directly handle fracture. In response to some of the limitations of continuum mechanics, Silling proposed a new method called peridynamics. Peridynamics assumes that a material is made up of particles which interact with each other via forces. In this thesis we introduce the state-based peridynamic lattice model (SPLM) and describe its fundamental assumptions. SPLM …
Managing Complex Water Resource Systems For Ecological Integrity: Evaluating Tradeoffs And Uncertainty, Ryan Morrison
Managing Complex Water Resource Systems For Ecological Integrity: Evaluating Tradeoffs And Uncertainty, Ryan Morrison
Civil Engineering ETDs
Water resource systems often contain numerous components that are intertwined or contradictory, such as power production, water delivery, recreation, and environmental needs. This complexity makes it difficult to holistically assess management alternatives. In addition, hydroclimatic and ecological uncertainties complicate efforts to evaluate the impacts of management scenarios. We need new tools that are able to inform managers and researchers of the tradeoffs or consequences associated with flow alternatives, while also explicitly incorporating sources of uncertainty. My research addresses this limitation using two modeling approaches: stochastic system dynamics modeling and Bayesian network modeling. Specifically, the objectives of my research were 1) …
A New Cfrp-Uhpc System For Strengthening Reinforced Concrete T-Beams, Moneeb Genedy
A New Cfrp-Uhpc System For Strengthening Reinforced Concrete T-Beams, Moneeb Genedy
Civil Engineering ETDs
Since Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) was introduced to the construction field, strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using FRP laminates became a common repair and retrofit technique. Traditionally, Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams are strengthened by adhering FRP laminates to the tension side of the beam to work as an additional tensile reinforcement. Although this technique has been proven as an efficient strengthening technique, in many cases reaching the tension side of the beam is challenging due to the existing of ducts, pipes or cables underneath the beam in buildings. This challenge is magnified in bridges crossing water canals or major highways …
Impacts Of Diurnally Exposed Slime Layer Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations In Sewer Atmosphere, Mark Holstad
Impacts Of Diurnally Exposed Slime Layer Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations In Sewer Atmosphere, Mark Holstad
Civil Engineering ETDs
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a major issue in wastewater collection systems. H2S can cause rapid damage to wastewater infrastructure, affects the publics quality of life through odor issues and is a safety concern for sewer workers. Relatively recent development and introduction of H2S data loggers has shown that H2S concentrations in the sewer headspace demonstrate a diurnal pattern that is not explained by current models. Odor complaints and toxicity are primarily a result of the peak concentration levels and may be more accurately predicted through a better understanding of the diurnal H2S concentration patterns. Biological slime layer grows in the …
Water Resources Impacts Of Uranium Mining In The San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Kent Steinhaus
Water Resources Impacts Of Uranium Mining In The San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Kent Steinhaus
Civil Engineering ETDs
The objective of this research was to improve understanding of the groundwater impacts of uranium mining in the San Juan Basin by estimating the volumetric amount of water removed from the underlying Westwater Canyon member aquifer. This was achieved by modeling a conceptual mine that is based on the physical characteristics present near the proposed Roca Honda Mine near Grants, New Mexico. An analysis of the uncertainty of the physical, situational, and model parameters and their associated sensitivities was conducted so that an understanding of potential groundwater withdrawals for uranium mining could be gathered. Uranium mining in the San Juan …
Structural Scaling Metrics For Tensioned-Blanket Space Systems, Jeremy Banik
Structural Scaling Metrics For Tensioned-Blanket Space Systems, Jeremy Banik
Civil Engineering ETDs
Structural metrics have been used for nearly a century to provide designers with simple, rational tools for comparing the mass performance of aircraft and spacecraft platforms. Large space structures designers and evaluators rely on metrics to compare boom, telescope, and long antenna architectures. In this work, scaling metrics are established for rectangular flexible blanket solar array structural architectures. The approach takes advantage of the fact that an ideal solar array structure is a system of coupled beam and tensioned blanket components rather than the typical simplifying approach of considering only one beam with a distributed mass as the blanket. A …
On Dynamic Modulus Of Asphalt Concrete For Moisture Damage, Mekdim Weldegiorgis
On Dynamic Modulus Of Asphalt Concrete For Moisture Damage, Mekdim Weldegiorgis
Civil Engineering ETDs
Dynamic modulus (E*) test has gained substantial acceptance in recent years for evaluating Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) rutting and fatigue cracking performances. Indeed, the recently developed Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) uses E* data for stress and strain calculation, and E*-based models for prediction fatigue and rutting performances of a HMA pavement. Unfortunately, neither HMA mix design method nor the MEPDG uses E* value to evaluate moisture damage characteristics of HMA pavements. In fact, moisture damage is a very complex problem, and there exists no models for inclusion in the MEPDG for predicting moisture damage performance of HMA pavements. …
Searching For The Factor Of Safety: A Study Of Wood Roof System Capacity As It Applies To Solar Photovoltaic Installation, Alfred Sanchez Iii
Searching For The Factor Of Safety: A Study Of Wood Roof System Capacity As It Applies To Solar Photovoltaic Installation, Alfred Sanchez Iii
Civil Engineering ETDs
The recent drive to install residential installation of photovoltaic roof systems has generated the need to re-examine the structural capacity of residential structures. Currently, a perspective exists that residential wood roofs may not be able to carry the additional load of a photovoltaic (PV) array. This research seeks to address how the addition of PV installations can affect the structural capacity of residential wood roof systems and to investigate the current methods in which roof systems are assigned their working strengths. With the goal of finding ultimate capacities of wood roof systems, empirical tests were conducted in a laboratory setting …
Assessment Of Antistripping Agents On Adhesion Of Damaged Asphalt By Neural Network, Sanjida Ahsan
Assessment Of Antistripping Agents On Adhesion Of Damaged Asphalt By Neural Network, Sanjida Ahsan
Civil Engineering ETDs
In this study, Neural Network (NN) model is developed to quantify nano-level adhesion force of moisture damaged asphalt binder using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) test data. AFM data contains five point force-distance values determined for some specific asphalt chemical functional groups. Asphalt binder samples contain different types and percentages of polymer modifiers and antistripping agents (ASA). Due to complex and nonlinear interaction between the asphalt properties and adhesion force of asphalt, it is difficult to assess the effects of asphalt binder properties on the adhesion forces using laboratory AFM testing. NN has the ability to recognize and trace the complex …
Material Characteristics Of Hot Mix Asphalt And Binder Using Freeze-Thaw Conditioning, Ghazanfar Barlas
Material Characteristics Of Hot Mix Asphalt And Binder Using Freeze-Thaw Conditioning, Ghazanfar Barlas
Civil Engineering ETDs
Depending on the region, in a single year, the pavement undergoes many cycles of freezing and thawing. Freeze-thaw, as well as traffic loading, are important parameters in the study of damage in asphalt pavement. In areas of wide ranging temperatures, pavements are susceptible due to thermal cracking. This study investigates the effect of freeze-thaw on fatigue life and material characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) and binder. Since, temperature is variable throughout the year, a constant temperature should not be assumed when finding the fatigue life and material characteristics of HMA. To evaluate the damage, flexure test is conducted to …