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Articles 5011 - 5040 of 7866

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Stress-Strain Relationships Of Sand After Liquefaction, S. Yasuda, N. Yoshida, T. Masuda, H. Nagase, H. Kiku Apr 1995

Stress-Strain Relationships Of Sand After Liquefaction, S. Yasuda, N. Yoshida, T. Masuda, H. Nagase, H. Kiku

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The stress-strain relationships of sand after liquefaction were studied by conducting torsional shear tests under several conditions. A prescribed number of cyclic loadings were applied first, then a monotonic loading was applied in undrained condition. The stress-strain relationships during the monotonic loading are discussed. The stress-strain curves were affected by excess pore pressure ratio, soil density, confining pressure and severity of liquefaction. The shear modulus decreased to less than 111000 due to liquefaction, and shear strain increased more than 10% with very low stress in the liquefied specimen. And, there exists a so called "reference strain at resistance transformation γ …

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Dynamic Instability In Low-Cohesive Soils, E. A. Voznesensky Apr 1995

Dynamic Instability In Low-Cohesive Soils, E. A. Voznesensky

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Dynamic behavior of natural and model low-cohesive soils has been studied. All these silty-sandy soils demonstrated dynamic dilatancy with the exception of dense dry specimens and tended to liquefy if the degree of saturation Sr > 0.9. Beginning from the clay content about 1.5% by weight thixotropic hardening of low-cohesive soils can be registered and the relationship of this hardening versus normalized specific surface of the soils, calculated from BET equation, can be represented by a smooth S-shaped curve with three distinct parts characteristic for dilatant (cohesionless), dilatantly-thixotropic (low-cohesive) and quasi-thixotropic (cohesive) soils.

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What Is The Maximum Depth Liquefaction Can Occur?, David Stewart, Ray Knox Apr 1995

What Is The Maximum Depth Liquefaction Can Occur?, David Stewart, Ray Knox

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Large subsided areas, especially those that intersect the water table, were among the more dramatic morphoseismic features produced by the great New Madrid earthquakes of 1811-12 in the central Mississippi River valley. Seismically induced liquefaction (SIL) with associated densification and/or lateral-movement of fluidized sediments is a well-documented factor in relatively small-scale subsidences not involving depths greater than 30 meters. Several of the sunk lands associated with the New Madrid series, such as Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, and Big Lake, Arkansas/Missouri, are quite large with areas of more than 200 square kilometers. If SIL was a significant factor in the subsidence of …

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Wall Movement Modes Dependent Dynamic Active Earth Pressure Analyses Using Cracked Element, Hiroshi Matsuzawa, Hemanta Hazarika, Masahiro Sugimura Apr 1995

Wall Movement Modes Dependent Dynamic Active Earth Pressure Analyses Using Cracked Element, Hiroshi Matsuzawa, Hemanta Hazarika, Masahiro Sugimura

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A numerical study is conducted to examine the dependency of the mode of movement of retaining wall on the dynamic earth pressure by using double shear band formulations. The active state has been defined to be at that stage when the backfill forms either a clear failure wedge or a banded zone. The results of the analyses have been compared with the experimental observations as well as with the classical theories. Failure pattern of the backfill is seen to be governed by the wall movement modes. In addition, the domain of the failure zone is found to increase with the …

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Dynamic Response Of Soil Pressure On Retaining Wall, Kerning Sun, Gao Lin Apr 1995

Dynamic Response Of Soil Pressure On Retaining Wall, Kerning Sun, Gao Lin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An effective numerical method for the dynamic analysis of soil pressures on retaining walls has been proposed. In this approach, the retaining wall is considered as a vertical flexible beam and the soil is assumed to be a linear-elastic material with hysteretic damping. The analysis procedure of proposed method, compared with some alternative numerical methods, (such as finite element method), will greatly reduce the computational effort. The properties and the significance of some model parameters, such as hysteretic materials damping and stiffness ratio of flexible beam and soil, are also investigated. As a special case when the retaining wall is …

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Geotechnical Aspects Of Seismic Design Of Bridges In New York City, K. Kishore, S. K. Jain Apr 1995

Geotechnical Aspects Of Seismic Design Of Bridges In New York City, K. Kishore, S. K. Jain

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Earthquake damage Civil engineering structure and bridges are no exception. Historically, bridges have proven to be vulnerable to earthquakes which cause damage to substructures and foundations and in some cases being totally destroyed as Superstructure collapse from their supporting elements. The bridges in New York City are required to comply with Specifications of American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). The seismic design criteria has been recently introduced in these specifications and all bridge projects in New York City must comply with these requirements. The extent of seismic analysis required …

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Karameh Earth Dam, A Challenging Project, Abdallah I. Husein, Robert Y. Liang, Jamal H. Nusairat Apr 1995

Karameh Earth Dam, A Challenging Project, Abdallah I. Husein, Robert Y. Liang, Jamal H. Nusairat

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The under construction Karameh dam is situated in the Dead Sea Rift (32.00°N, 35.50°E), the boundary between the Arabian and African-Sinai plates. The primary seismic source contributing to the hazard at the Karameh dam site is the active Jordan Valley fault which extends from the Dead Sea to the Sea of Galilee (from 30.90°N to 32.93°N at a longitude of 35.50°E), with an expected maximum earthquake magnitude of 7.8, and passes under the right abutment of the dam body. This paper presents the analysis of the dam under the earthquake loading. This includes the stability analysis of dam embankment under …

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River Dike Failure In Japan By Earthquakes In 1993, M. Kaneko, J. Nishikawa, Y. Sasaki, M. Nagase, K. Mamiya Apr 1995

River Dike Failure In Japan By Earthquakes In 1993, M. Kaneko, J. Nishikawa, Y. Sasaki, M. Nagase, K. Mamiya

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Hokkaido, Japan was attacked by earthquakes of magnitude 7.8 twice in January and July, 1993. One is the Kushiro-Oki Earthquake and the other the Hokkaido Nansei-Oki Earthquake. River dikes were severely damaged by liquefaction of sand. The former caused liquefaction of subsided dike materials and the latter caused liquefaction of sand of the foundation bed. Relations between dimensional elements of dike and peat bed and stress relaxation within dike were analyzed. Old channels recently filled with sandy materials were distinguished from pointbar zones in ancient river bed covered with silty sediment, based on degree of damage due to liquefaction. Repairing …

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Response Of Earth Dams Subjected To Obliquely Incident P And Sv Waves, Hassan M. Abouseeda, Panos Dakoulas Apr 1995

Response Of Earth Dams Subjected To Obliquely Incident P And Sv Waves, Hassan M. Abouseeda, Panos Dakoulas

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A study of the effects of dam-foundation interaction on the response of earth dams to obliquely incident P and SV waves is presented. The numerical formulation combines the Finite Element Method and the Boundary Equation Method in a powerful hybrid technique. The FEM has been proven very efficient for finite size elastodynamics problems, but several previously suggested modifications for handling infinite domain dynamic problems seem to be either computationally expensive or have serious limitations on the geometry and excitation. The BEM is employed to solve the half space problem using exact Green's functions to compute the half space stiffness, which …

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Discussions And Replies — Session Vi, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Vi, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Seismic Microzonation Considering Long Period Components, M. B. Karkee, Y. Sugimura Apr 1995

Seismic Microzonation Considering Long Period Components, M. B. Karkee, Y. Sugimura

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A methodology for characterizing the different levels of incident motion for micro zonation is discussed. Relatively long period components, which dominate the nonlinear response of soft sites at higher level of excitation, are suitably accounted for. Incident motions with the defined characteristics are generated by two step iteration scheme, and a seismic micro zonation example based on the nonlinear response analysis of a soil profile database system is presented. Effectiveness of a new micro zonation parameter, defined as Spectrum Intensity Amplification (SIA), to represent the extent of ground shaking hazard is examined and is found to represent well the damage …

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Microzonation Studies For Lake Maracaibo Coastal Protection System, John P. Sully, Enrique Gajardo, Juan Murria, Jasinto Abi Saab Apr 1995

Microzonation Studies For Lake Maracaibo Coastal Protection System, John P. Sully, Enrique Gajardo, Juan Murria, Jasinto Abi Saab

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The methodology used for an initial seismic zonation is briefly introduced and then developed to provide details of a microzonation presently in progress for the Costa Oriental del Lago Maracaibo coastal dyke protection system. The microzonation is focused towards the evaluation of dynamic site response of selected representative soil profiles. The results of the study are to be applied for evaluation of seismic stability and deformation mechanisms for the coastal dyke system with a view to defining remedial measures for critical sections of the linear earth structure.

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Estimation Of Local Site Conditions In Kushiro City Based On Array Observation Of Microtremors, Kohji Tokimatsu, Hiroshi Arai Apr 1995

Estimation Of Local Site Conditions In Kushiro City Based On Array Observation Of Microtremors, Kohji Tokimatsu, Hiroshi Arai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Possible use of short-period microtremors is explored for estimating the effects of subsurface soil conditions on the ground motion characteristics. For this purpose, microtremor measurements are conducted using arrays of sensors at two strong motion stations (Kushiro Japan Meteorological Agency and Kushiro Harbor, Hokkaido, Japan), which are located nearby but on different soils. Based on the F-k spectrum analysis of microtremors, dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves for the sites are determined. The inverse analysis of these dispersion curves results in shear wave velocity profiles down to a depth of 300 m. With these profiles, the spectrum ratio of ground surface …

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Uniform Probability Response Spectra For Selecting Site Specific Design Motions, M. I. Todorovska Apr 1995

Uniform Probability Response Spectra For Selecting Site Specific Design Motions, M. I. Todorovska

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In the majority of the current building codes, the shape of a design spectrum is defined by considering only the local soil conditions. This paper examines the validity of this simplification. In particular, it is shown how effects of "deep soil" or "rock soil" conditions on uniform probability site specific spectra can be simulated by varying the geological site conditions (depth of sediments) and the distance from the fault. On the basis of the results presented in the paper and similar results from earlier papers considering the effects of the choice of the geometry of the model fault and the …

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Disclaimer, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Disclaimer, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Preface, Shamsher Prakash Apr 1995

Preface, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Proceedings, Shamsher Prakash Apr 1995

Proceedings, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Conference Photos, Multiple People Apr 1995

Conference Photos, Multiple People

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Organizing Committee Meeting: Agenda And Minutes, Multiple People Apr 1995

Organizing Committee Meeting: Agenda And Minutes, Multiple People

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Dynamic Geotechnical Comparative Testing Capability, W. Henke, R. Henke Apr 1995

Dynamic Geotechnical Comparative Testing Capability, W. Henke, R. Henke

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A concept and preliminary design are presented for a special testing capability to be added to an existing large laboratory geotechnical testing chamber. The modified chamber is intended to allow, through comparative testing, the reasonably rigorous evaluation of methods for providing detailed information, for soil deposits, on in situ undegraded nonlinear inelastic shear stress vs strain characteristics needed for dynamic geotechnical earthquake engineering analyses. Basically, the added capability is to be a large resonant column-like torsional testing system that tests the entire chamber sample and allows access to the center of the sample for the testing of the method to …

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High Pressure Cyclic Triaxial Tests, Jianren Wang, Clay E. Sams, John D. Lawrence, Harry Johnson Apr 1995

High Pressure Cyclic Triaxial Tests, Jianren Wang, Clay E. Sams, John D. Lawrence, Harry Johnson

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Shear modulus and damping from high pressure (up to 500 psi) cyclic triaxial tests of soils are presented. The test results are compared with published models where low confining pressures were used. The apparatus and test setup for the high pressure tests are also discussed.

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Study On Cyclic Shear Strength Of Soils From Different Methods, Chi-Tso Chang, Jin-Hung Hwang Apr 1995

Study On Cyclic Shear Strength Of Soils From Different Methods, Chi-Tso Chang, Jin-Hung Hwang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper compares the cyclic strengths of soils from different methods using intensive investigations at a recent alluvial site on the southwest Taiwan. Generally speaking, the cyclic shear strengths deduced from different methods exhibit the following trend: Block sample > Tube sample ↔ SPT -N (Standard Penetration Test) method > seismic Vs method > CPT-qc (Cone Penetration Test) method.

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High Strain Rate Testing Of Unsaturated Sands Using A Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar, G. E. Veyera, C. A. Ross Apr 1995

High Strain Rate Testing Of Unsaturated Sands Using A Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar, G. E. Veyera, C. A. Ross

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

High strain rate tests were conducted on specimens of three different sands at saturations varying from dry to 100% using a Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar. Compacted specimens were subjected to undrained uniaxial confined compression at approximate strain rates of 1000/s and 2000/s by an approximate square wave input of 225 MPa with a pulse length of 250 µs. The stress-strain curves show an initially steep portion which appears to be strain rate independent. Beyond this, slopes are about the same up to the lock-up strain, an abrupt change in slope, indicating an increase in stiffness. The effect of increasing saturation is …

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Soil Damping And Its Use In Dynamic Analyses, A. K. Ashmawy, R. Salgado, S. Guha, V. P. Drnevich Apr 1995

Soil Damping And Its Use In Dynamic Analyses, A. K. Ashmawy, R. Salgado, S. Guha, V. P. Drnevich

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Soil response under dynamic loading has been modeled using linear-viscoelasticity for many decades. The definitions of various damping-related quantities are reviewed and the implications of their use in the analysis of continuous masses are given. The selection of an equivalent damping ratio as a parameter for modeling damping in most geotechnical applications is discussed together with the assumptions underlying the selection procedure. The techniques for damping determination using laboratory testing are summarized, emphasizing the influence that factors such as apparatus type, loading path, rate of loading, and strain level have on the measurement. Disturbance effects in samples recovered from the …

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Stress Dependence Of Sand Stiffness, D. C. F. Lo Presti, M. Jamiolkowski, O. Pallara, V. Pisciotta, S. Ture Apr 1995

Stress Dependence Of Sand Stiffness, D. C. F. Lo Presti, M. Jamiolkowski, O. Pallara, V. Pisciotta, S. Ture

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The stress dependence of the Young's modulus of two sands was studied with a computer controlled triaxial apparatus, capable of giving reliable measurements of the stiffness even at very small strains ≈ 0.001 %. It was therefore possible to determine the Young's modulus of the sands for a wide strain range, from very small to very large, up to 20 %. The tested sands were: a uniform fine quartz sand not containing fines (Toyoura sand- TOS), and a well graded coarse to medium carbonatic, crushable sand containing about 2% of fines (Quiou sand - QS). The specimens were reconstituted in …

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Evaluation Of Bender Elements For Use With Coarse-Grained Soils, S. Nazarian, S. S. Baig Apr 1995

Evaluation Of Bender Elements For Use With Coarse-Grained Soils, S. Nazarian, S. S. Baig

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The feasibility of using piezo-ceramic bender elements for measuring shear modulus of coarse materials has been reported. If was found that moduli obtained from bender element are repeatable. The results in most cases compare favorably with those obtained by resonant column.

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Static Shear And Liquefaction Potential Of Sand, Chung-Jung Lee Apr 1995

Static Shear And Liquefaction Potential Of Sand, Chung-Jung Lee

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The state parameter, which describes the initial state of sand before shearing, combining with the concepts of critical stress ratio line and phase transform line are used to assess the characteristics of sand during shearing. The state parameter of each tested sample is determined after the steady state line is constructed, and then relations of characteristics of the cyclic deformation behavior and the state parameter of sand are discussed. The value of the lowest point, Sup1 on the CSR line in the p’ – q plot is related to ec for a specific sand. Once the stress path of …

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Effects Of Earthquake Induced Rates Of Shearing On Residual Soil Strength, Achilleas N. Parathiras Apr 1995

Effects Of Earthquake Induced Rates Of Shearing On Residual Soil Strength, Achilleas N. Parathiras

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The behavior of soils when sheared at high rates of displacement, such as those which may be induced by earthquakes, has been investigated by means of the ring shear apparatus. Plastic and non-plastic soils were tested normally and over-consolidated, remoulded and dry, submerged and non-submerged in water, in order to assess the effect which the stress history and the presence of water in the matrix and the environment of the sample have on its response upon fast shearing. It was concluded that two types of behavior exist which depend on the nature of each sample and the presence of water …

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Effect Of Fines Content On The Cyclic Undrained Behavior Of Sand, D. Erten, M. H. Maher Apr 1995

Effect Of Fines Content On The Cyclic Undrained Behavior Of Sand, D. Erten, M. H. Maher

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The influence of fines on the liquefaction potential of sandy soils has been studied by conducting isotropically consolidated stress controlled triaxial tests. Experimental results are compared with predictions using the theory developed by Nasser and Shokooh which is based on energy considerations. The theory determines the excess pore water pressure in terms of the number of cycles N, the dimensionless shear stress amplitude, and the initial and minimum values of the void ratio. The comparisons show good agreement between experimental data and model predictions for the pore water generation under cyclic loading for both loose and medium sands and medium …

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Static And Dynamic Strength Properties Of A Fiber-Reinforced Compacted Cohesive Soil, R. M. Ai Wahab, G. B. Heckel Apr 1995

Static And Dynamic Strength Properties Of A Fiber-Reinforced Compacted Cohesive Soil, R. M. Ai Wahab, G. B. Heckel

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Soil reinforcement with randomly oriented, individual synthetic fibers has been applied to laboratory specimens of a compacted cohesive soil. Fiber contents of up to 1.0% by soil dry weight were mixed with the soil. Data from unconfined compression (static) testing and resilient modulus (dynamic) testing have been presented. Experimental work showed that the fibers increased the soil unconfined compressive strength, ductility, toughness, static and dynamic energy absorption capacities, the resilient strain and the number of cycles to failure. The soil resilient modulus and the permanent strain both decreased with the increase in fiber content.

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