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Articles 4951 - 4980 of 7866

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Improved Soil-Spring Method For Soil-Structure Interaction — Vertical Excitation, A. H. Hadjian, H. T. Tang Apr 1995

Improved Soil-Spring Method For Soil-Structure Interaction — Vertical Excitation, A. H. Hadjian, H. T. Tang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An improved Soil-Spring Method for vertical response analysis is proposed. The Soil-Spring Method belongs to the sub structuring methods of analyses for seismic soil-structure interaction. As originally developed the method has certain significant limitations. The proposed improvement is essentially iterative where, successively, layering, embedment, soil damping and frequency-dependent effects are introduced and adjusted until acceptable convergence is achieved. Additionally, input motion for embedded structures is specified using a simple procedure. The methodology is applied to the Lotung 1/4-scale containment model for three recorded earthquakes. The comparisons of the response results with the recorded data and with results obtained using state-of-the-art …

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Cyclic Mobility Effects On Soil-Pile Interaction In Dense Sand, F. Pelli, E. J. Parker, L. Conte, M. Bosoni Apr 1995

Cyclic Mobility Effects On Soil-Pile Interaction In Dense Sand, F. Pelli, E. J. Parker, L. Conte, M. Bosoni

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A methodology to evaluate the effects of earthquake-induced cyclic mobility in dense sand on the soil-pile interaction parameters is presented. The soil behavior under cyclic loading is defined based on the interpretation of consolidated-undrained cyclic triaxial tests on samples reconstituted to the in situ relative density and shear wave velocity. The stress distribution around the pile is determined analytically, and the softened zone is modelled by an annulus of softer soil. The application of this methodology for the design of three submerged-floating tunnels in the Messina straits, Italy, indicated that even in dense sand the foundation stiffness reduction can be …

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Foundation Soil Influence On The Seismic Response Of Piers, P. P. Diotallevi, R. Poluzzi Apr 1995

Foundation Soil Influence On The Seismic Response Of Piers, P. P. Diotallevi, R. Poluzzi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Significant experimental dynamic tests by vibrodyne were conducted on single piers of a motorway near Livomo (Italy). Tests were conducted on structures similar to each other but founded on two different type of soils (under consolidated silts below the water table and over consolidated clays) and very different dynamic responses were found in terms of damping and natural frequencies. This effect was particularly evident for single piles proving the importance of soil characteristics upon the dynamic response of the structure. It is refere also a numerical investigation about the behavior of identical structures founded on different soils and subjected to …

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Settlement Of Shallow Foundation On Sand Due To Cyclic Loading, B. M. Das, S. C. Yen, G. Singh Apr 1995

Settlement Of Shallow Foundation On Sand Due To Cyclic Loading, B. M. Das, S. C. Yen, G. Singh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Laboratory model test results for the permanent settlement of a surface square foundation supported by a sand layer and subjected to a sustained static load superimposed by a cyclic load has been presented. Based on the model test results, the nature of variation of the permanent settlement of the foundation with the intensity of the static loading and the amplitude of the cyclic load intensity are presented.

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Application Of Weak Earthquake Records In Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis, E. Juhásová Apr 1995

Application Of Weak Earthquake Records In Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis, E. Juhásová

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The problem concerns cases when the structure is situated in the geological conditions with different soil layers including soft ones. The wave motion in the subsoil is described for linear and non-linear soil media, damping is included through complex modulus of elasticity. Variation of damping, obtained from laboratory experiments, answers to frequency and time influences. The properties of weak earthquakes are discussed as they are used like input data before soil transfer. The response of layered subsoil describes extremes of seismic vibration at different depth. It has been recognized that site effects can significantly affect the nature of seismic input …

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Recommendations Of A Workshop For A Soil-Structure Interaction Experiment, M. Celebi, J. E. Luco Apr 1995

Recommendations Of A Workshop For A Soil-Structure Interaction Experiment, M. Celebi, J. E. Luco

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A workshop held in 1992 (Celebi et al., 1992) brought together a panel of experts (a) to reach a consensus on the benefits and feasibility of instrumenting a building in a seismically active region of the United States to study specifically the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI), and (b) to define the parameters of a SSI experiment. The recommendations of the workshop and the current status of the SSI experiment are described herein.

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Prediction Of Non-Linear Pile Foundation Response To Vertical Vibration, Toyoaki Nogami, Hsiao-Lian Chen Apr 1995

Prediction Of Non-Linear Pile Foundation Response To Vertical Vibration, Toyoaki Nogami, Hsiao-Lian Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A rational and yet convenient approach is presented to account for the dynamic soil-pile interaction in the vertical vibration analysis of a nonlinear pile foundation. Once elastic soil properties and static complex unit load transfer curves are provided, the approach is capable of reproducing the dynamic and nonlinear conditions mutually coupled. The concept of the approach is verified by numerical analyses. The proposed approach is demonstrated for the prediction of vibration response of a selected pile foundation in the field. Both static load tests and vibration tests were conducted previously on this pile foundation. Inputs for the analysis are obtained …

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Dynamic Interaction Of An Uplifted Beam With The Supporting Soil, Medhat A. Haroun, Ali A. El-Zeiny Apr 1995

Dynamic Interaction Of An Uplifted Beam With The Supporting Soil, Medhat A. Haroun, Ali A. El-Zeiny

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

During seismic events, the overturning moment exerted by the hydrodynamic pressure of a liquid contained in an unanchored, thin-walled liquid storage tank tends to lift the tank base plate off its foundation. The nonlinear uplift and contact mechanism between the base plate and the underlying foundation is investigated in the present study. Nonlinearities due to base plate contact with foundation, large deflection and plastic hinge formation are examined.

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Evaluation Of Seismic Response Of Pile-Supported Structures With 3-D Nonlinear Approach, Y. X. Cai, P. L. Gould, C. S. Desai Apr 1995

Evaluation Of Seismic Response Of Pile-Supported Structures With 3-D Nonlinear Approach, Y. X. Cai, P. L. Gould, C. S. Desai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The seismic response of pile-supported structures is evaluated using a three-dimensional finite element subsystem methodology with an advanced plasticity based constitutive model for soils. The motion of the pile foundation is amplified due to the soil-pile-structure interaction. The dynamic internal forces of the structures obtained by the 3-D nonlinear approach deviate significantly from those obtained by the rigid ground motion model. The structures are generally subjected to three-dimensional forces and couples, despite the type of bedrock seismic excitation and the configuration of structures. Some components of the dynamic internal forces may be overlooked if the simplified symmetric models are used …

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Nonlinear Dynamic Impedance Of Pile Group Foundation, K. Miura, K. Masuda, T. Maeda, T. Kobori Apr 1995

Nonlinear Dynamic Impedance Of Pile Group Foundation, K. Miura, K. Masuda, T. Maeda, T. Kobori

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The dynamic impedance of a pile group must be determined to perform a dynamic response analysis of the structure it supports. This problem has attracted continued research interest, but most research to date has been on linear soil media. When the excitation level becomes large during an earthquake or a machine type excitation, stress concentration occurs in the soil surrounding the pile, causing the soil to behave nonlinearly. Calculation of pile group impedance necessitates analysis of pile-soil-pile interaction. Any soil nonlinearity around the piles must be taken into account in this analysis. However, the effect of nonlinearity on dynamic impedance …

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Seismic Response On Full-Size Pile Group, Y. C. Han, G. C. W. Sabin Apr 1995

Seismic Response On Full-Size Pile Group, Y. C. Han, G. C. W. Sabin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic response of pile group is investigated in both theory and experiment. The dynamic experiments were conducted on a full-size pile group in linear vibration and nonlinear vibration respectively, and the impedances of group were determined using the boundary zone model with non-reflective interface. The theoretical and experimental results indicate that the response of pile group may be increased substantially with the nonlinearity of soil-pile system in a seismic event, and there is a pronounced increase in the horizontal seismic response of group with the pile-soil-pile interaction.

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Rescue Testing Of Full-Scale In-Situ Structures, P. R. Gefken, J. W. Simons Apr 1995

Rescue Testing Of Full-Scale In-Situ Structures, P. R. Gefken, J. W. Simons

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

At SRI International a state-of-the-art technique for testing large-scale structures to dynamic motion resembling that from a large magnitude earthquake has been developed. The technique, referred to as repeatable earth shaking by controlled underground expansion (RESCUE), may allow actual full-scale structures to be tested in-situ. In this paper we present the results of a finite element simulation of a full-scale highway overpass loaded from ground motion produced by the RESCUE technique. Results indicated that the RESCUE technique could generate significantly enough ground motion to excite failure damage modes.

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Tests Of Buildings And Foundations With Vibrations Of Ground, A. N. Tetior Apr 1995

Tests Of Buildings And Foundations With Vibrations Of Ground, A. N. Tetior

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

There was applied three methods of tests of buildings, foundations and structures with seismic influences. There was a common peculiarity of all methods: dynamic influence come to test constructions from ground (similar to natural seismic influence). There was applied: inertian ground box, drop weight and vibromachine connecting with ground box.

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Efficient Evaluation Of Dynamic Impedance, Gao Lin, Huai-Hai Chen Apr 1995

Efficient Evaluation Of Dynamic Impedance, Gao Lin, Huai-Hai Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An efficient algorithm for the calculation of dynamic impedance of viscoelastic multilayered media is presented. The wavenumber integral over infinite limits are split into two subintervals, the first one is dominated by the plane waves while the second is dominated by the surface Rayleigh waves. Though the integrand of the first one is characterized by dense oscillations and sharp peaks, its integration covers very narrow range and can be evaluated sufficiently accurately with dense sampling points. The integrand of second one varies very smoothly and can be determined analytically, the integration is easy to perform. The advantages of the present …

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Prestressed Concrete Piles Under Seismic Loading: Case History, Mazen Adib, Willem C. B. Villet, Ahmed Nisar Apr 1995

Prestressed Concrete Piles Under Seismic Loading: Case History, Mazen Adib, Willem C. B. Villet, Ahmed Nisar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper describes the performance of 14-inch prestressed concrete piles, supporting a 10-story commercial building, during the 1989 Loma-Prieta Earthquake. Excavations were performed to expose several piles. Except for one comer pile, no significant damage was observed. Several cracks, indicating possible formation of a plastic hinge, were observed at the top of this corner pile. In general, the piles performed well during the M7 earthquake.

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A Study Of Lateral Bearing Capacity Of Pile By Dynamic Test, Guang-Yun Gao, Xian-Jian Yang, Yi-Dai Liu Apr 1995

A Study Of Lateral Bearing Capacity Of Pile By Dynamic Test, Guang-Yun Gao, Xian-Jian Yang, Yi-Dai Liu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to improve the knowledge of the Lateral Loading behavior of artificially drilled cast-in-place concrete piles, the full-scale lateral static and dynamic loading tests of eleven piles had been carried out by the authors in Louyang, China. In this paper, the principle of laterally dynamic pile test is discussed. The results of the static and dynamic tests performed in the light of different diameter piles are analyzed comparatively. It is found that the critical loads defined by the dynamic testing are almost identical with results of the static testing ones. Thus we come to a conclusion that the lateral …

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Large Amplitude Settlements Of Oil Storage Tanks, Medhat A. Haroun, Yunxia Wang, Wajdi Abou-Lzzeddine, Nicolino Mode Apr 1995

Large Amplitude Settlements Of Oil Storage Tanks, Medhat A. Haroun, Yunxia Wang, Wajdi Abou-Lzzeddine, Nicolino Mode

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The measured profile of large-amplitude settlements of an oil storage tank was analyzed by the finite element method. Both geometric and material nonlinearities were included in the finite element analysis. Stresses and deformations, based on available qualification criteria, were examined. The results showed that most criteria in use today for the tank shell and the bottom plate are overly conservative. The calculated response of the existing operational tank under the measured large-amplitude settlements confirmed such an observation.

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Effect Of Soil Properties On Foundation Settlements Under Earthquake Loading, M. Tehranizadeh Apr 1995

Effect Of Soil Properties On Foundation Settlements Under Earthquake Loading, M. Tehranizadeh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An analytical study is carried out to predict the immediate settlement of the structures during earthquake loadings. In this analysis a three dimensions mathematical model is used to investigate the behavior of the whole system consisting of soil -foundation and structure. The deformation of different points of the foundation as well as the other parts of the structure are calculated. The time acceleration record of Tabas earthquake was used as an earthquake type of loading. The effect of the main factors on the elastic settlement of the structure such as soil elastic modulus, foundation thickness, weight of the structure and …

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Discussions And Replies — Session V, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session V, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Seismic Response Of Embankment Dams, L. Caldeira, P. Seco E Pinto, J. Bilé Serra Apr 1995

Seismic Response Of Embankment Dams, L. Caldeira, P. Seco E Pinto, J. Bilé Serra

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This study is intended as a contribution towards a better understanding of the seismic response of embankment dams. Laboratory tests for the determination of static and dynamic mechanical properties of the material are described. A parametric study is performed varying the main source of earthquakes, the height of the dam, the type of the materials and the core position (central and upstream sloping core). The dynamic analyses have made possible the identification of hazard scenarios and particularly the evaluation of stability and residual deformation of the dams.

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Mine Tailings Deposition Practices, Liquefaction Potential And Stability Implications, D. S. Hallman, R. Dorey Apr 1995

Mine Tailings Deposition Practices, Liquefaction Potential And Stability Implications, D. S. Hallman, R. Dorey

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Typical mine tailings characteristics resulting from different deposition practices are discussed. The potential for liquefaction of the tailings during seismic events is presented. A discussion of how the tailings deposition method can affect the liquefaction potential is included. Tailings dam construction techniques are reviewed and evaluated with respect to the tailings deposition method and liquefaction potential. A case history is presented to illustrate how the tailings dam construction method must be coordinated with the method of tailings deposition.

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Seismic Design Of Landfills For Ne United States, C. Soydemir Apr 1995

Seismic Design Of Landfills For Ne United States, C. Soydemir

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Northeastern U.S. seismicity is briefly discussed and design earthquake is established for landfill projects in accordance with current federal regulations. Methods previously developed for embankment dams are reviewed relative to the seismic stability evaluation of solid waste landfills. Charts were developed to expedite bottom liner and cover system selection while meeting particular seismic design requirements.

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Model Parametric Studies Of The Earthquake Response Of The Embankment Dam, Hubert K. Law, Hon-Yim Ko Apr 1995

Model Parametric Studies Of The Earthquake Response Of The Embankment Dam, Hubert K. Law, Hon-Yim Ko

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Several centrifuge model dams were tested with the conditions similar to those of O'Neill Forebay Dam, California to examine the structural behavior under seismic excitation. A few experiments were carried out to study the performance of the dam, whose geometry was still the same as O'Neill Dam, but the soil properties were altered by adding some gravel or increasing the compaction density. The results of either test clearly demonstrated a stiffer response to seismic excitation than the model with the original prototype material properties. Characteristics of O'Neil! Forebay Dam with different structural modifications were examined. These included construction of a …

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Backanalysis Of Deformations For Case Histories Involving Flow-Type Failures, John P. Sully, Américo Fernández, Sara Zalzman Apr 1995

Backanalysis Of Deformations For Case Histories Involving Flow-Type Failures, John P. Sully, Américo Fernández, Sara Zalzman

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The results obtained from back analyses of two case histories of failures of small earth dams resulting from liquefaction of foundation soils are presented. The analyses have been performed in order to evaluate the deformation parameters used in a finite difference model (developed by Woodward-Clyde Associates), specifically those relevant to the liquefied soil layer. For both case histories, the final deformed shape of the earth dam is known and serves as a basis for comparing the results from the numerical study, in terms of the deformation moduli employed.

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Predicted And Observed Liquefaction Induced Deformations Of La Palma Dam, Hendra Jitno, Peter M. Byrne Apr 1995

Predicted And Observed Liquefaction Induced Deformations Of La Palma Dam, Hendra Jitno, Peter M. Byrne

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents a prediction of liquefaction induced deformation of La Palma dam due to the 1985 Chilean earthquake using a simplified pseudo-dynamic procedure. The procedure is essentially an extension of Newmark's method from a rigid-plastic single degree of freedom to a flexible multi degree of freedom system. It takes into account both the effects of the inertia forces from the earthquake and the softening of the liquefied soil. The results show that the predicted displacements are in general agreement with field observations both in terms of magnitude and pattern of deformations.

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Effect Of Canyon Shape On Longitudi-Vibration Of Earth Dam, Zhi-Ying Xu Apr 1995

Effect Of Canyon Shape On Longitudi-Vibration Of Earth Dam, Zhi-Ying Xu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this paper, the effects of narrow and sloping canyons on the longitudinal dynamic response of earth dams is investigated by a simplified method for 3-D dynamic analysis. Analytical results for earth dams with several width to height ratios are compared with the results of plane strain solutions for comparable sections. For an embankment in a triangular valley with a width to height ratio of 1~2 and subjected to earthquake motions, the computed max. accelerations at the midsection were about 30 to 50% higher in a simplified 3-D response analysis than in a plane strain analysis. On the other hand …

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Transient Seismic Response Of Irregular Sites, Hirokazu Takemiya, Maher Adam, Shingo Yasui Apr 1995

Transient Seismic Response Of Irregular Sites, Hirokazu Takemiya, Maher Adam, Shingo Yasui

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Presented is the transient seismic response of alluviums with due account for the configuration and the size in view of incident wave type and the length, besides the stiffness contrast to the underlain far extending base. The BEM-FEM hybrid computation is taken in order to give a clear interpretation to the seismic wave scattering and propagation. Parametric studies are performed aiming at acquiring the relevant soil amplification which is useful information for the structural design on irregular site.

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Seismic Microzonation Of The City Of Puebla, Mexico, F. J. Chavez-Garcia, J. Cuenca, J. Lermo, H. Mijares Apr 1995

Seismic Microzonation Of The City Of Puebla, Mexico, F. J. Chavez-Garcia, J. Cuenca, J. Lermo, H. Mijares

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

We gathered information concerning the seismic response of the city of Puebla including: surface geology and hydrology, bore-hole data, damage information for two destructive earthquakes, and earthquake records in four strong motion instruments that have operated in the city. Additional data was obtained from three experiments: microtremor measurements in 39 points within the urban zone; installation and operation of a temporal digital seismograph network; a small scale refraction experiment. Consideration of all data together allows to draw a coherent picture of site effects in the urban zone. Based on these results, we propose a preliminary seismic microzonation map for the …

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Effect Of Built Environment On "Free-Field" Motion For Very Soft, Urbanized Sites, Pierre-Yves Bard, Armand Wirgin Apr 1995

Effect Of Built Environment On "Free-Field" Motion For Very Soft, Urbanized Sites, Pierre-Yves Bard, Armand Wirgin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A preliminary numerical investigation is presented on the long distance effects of soil-structure interaction for important buildings located on soft soils. A simple 20 model is considered, with homogeneous rectangular buildings resting on a single, horizontal, soft layer overlying a much stiffer half-space, impinged by SH waves. Computations are made for different parameter sets, in order to analyze the respective effects of the main parameters: clay layer thickness and frequency, building size, and spacing between buildings. For realistic building properties, wave diffraction related with soil- structure interaction is shown to alter the "free-field" surface motion up to distances of at …

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Site Specific Seismic/Geologic Hazards Risk Zoning, F. R. Bickner, D. N. Lindberg, R. C. Chaney Apr 1995

Site Specific Seismic/Geologic Hazards Risk Zoning, F. R. Bickner, D. N. Lindberg, R. C. Chaney

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A site specific risk zoning study was conducted on a Junior College Campus near Eureka, California, USA to evaluate the potential seismic/geologic hazards due to the presence of a 1 km wide low angle thrust fault system. Issues addressed to determine the level of risk at any location on the campus include: land sliding, earthquake ground shaking, ground surface rupture and deformation, lateral spreading, liquefaction, differential settlement, and tsunamis. Based on these potential hazards, a micro-zonation model was developed based on 13 different zones and 5 levels of risk. Information for use in this model was collected using a combination …

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