Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Improvised Explosive Device Crater Repair For Enduring Route Remediation, Daniel Roman Kienitz

Doctoral Dissertations

"Recent road repairs performed on main supply routes (MSRs) and alternative supply routes (ASRs) in Iraq and Afghanistan revealed several deficiencies in current repair techniques. Temporary solutions such as aggregate backfill, asphalt, and traditional concrete repairs were unacceptable due to the ease of emplacement of additional improvised explosive devices (IEDs). In addition to the threat of IED placement, the threat from exposure of the repair teams to enemy attack during placement and curing was substantial. In order to address these problems, this project investigated rapid hardening materials for improvised explosive device crater repair. A laboratory test program along with performance …

Modeling Resilient Modulus Of Unbound Granular Materials Under Repeated Loading, Cheng Chen, Louis Ge, Jia Sheng Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Resilient modulus of unbound granular materials is a key design parameter for mechanistic empirical pavement design. But the complexity of the affected factors has made it challenging and difficult for practical designers and researchers to find an appropriate model to describe the entire stress-strain response where the plastic deformation is accumulated during the repeated loading condition. a cyclic plasticity model based on fuzzy sets plasticity theory is presented in this paper to model the resilient modulus and permanent strain behavior of unbound granular materials under repeated loading. the concept of the fuzzy set plasticity is first introduced, followed by its …

Screw Connections Subject To Tension Pull-Out And Shear Forces, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Settlement Of Reinforced Subgrades Under Dynamic Loading, V. K. Puri, S. Kumar, B. M. Das, Shamsher Prakash, B. Yeo

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Model tests were conducted in the laboratory to study the settlement behavior of small size footing resting on geogrid reinforced sand layer and subjected to dynamic loads. Tests were conducted by first subjecting the footing to an initial sustained static load and then superimposing additional predetermined dynamic loads. the frequency of dynamic load was kept at 1 Hz which was well below the resonant frequency of the system. based on the observed test results, the nature of variation of the permanent settlement of the foundation with intensity of static loading and the amplitude of cyclic load are presented in this …

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Tests On Compacted Soil, David M. Weidinger, Louis Ge, Richard Wesley Stephenson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In This Paper, Results of a Series of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Tests on Compacted Soil Were Presented and Discussed. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Tests Provide Compression and Shear Wave Velocity Information that Can Be Used in Calculating Dynamic Elastic Moduli Such as Young's Modulus and Shear Modulus. from the Test Results, Calculated Poisson's Ratio Shows a Linear Relation with the Water Content in Compacted Soil, Which Leads to a Linear Trend in Both P and S Wave Velocity Against Water Content. Furthermore, Presenting Plots in Bulk Density Versus Wave Velocity Gives a Clearer Trend Than Dry Density Versus Wave Velocity. © …

Structural Damage Localization With Tolerance To Large Time Synchronization Errors In Wsns, Guirong Yan, Shirley J. Dyke, Wei Song, Gregory Hackmann, Chenyang Lu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

With Recent Technological Advances in Smart Sensor Platforms, Structural Condition Monitoring Implementations based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) Have Received Considerable Attention. Modal Identification is an Integral Step in Many Structural Condition Monitoring Systems. However, Accurate Time Synchronization is Not Always Possible, Leading to Incorrect Identification of the Mode Shapes. Although Strict Time Synchronization of the Wireless Sensors Has Been Viewed as Crucial for the Identification of Mode Shapes, a New Perspective is Taken Herein. the Distortion in the Identified Mode Shapes is Characterized and Accommodated. Then the Resulting Mode Shapes Are Used with a Flexibility-Based Damage Detection Approach to …

Coaxial Cable Sensors And Sensing Instrument For Crack Detection In Bridge Structures -- Phase I: Field Qualification/Validation Planning, Genda Chen, Fujian Tang, Zhi Zhou

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The objectives of this study are to pre-test analyze a decommissioned RC bridge that is selected in consultation with New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT), and design and plan the field tests of the bridge for the performance qualification and validation of distributed crack sensors and a fast Electrical Time Domain Reflectometry (ETDR) instrument to their full potential. The scope of work includes: (a) Selection of a decommissioned bridge, (b) Pre-test analysis of the select bridge structure to evaluate its progressive damage and determine the locations for sensor deployment, (c) Design and planning of field tests of the select …

Steel Sheet Sheathing Options For Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Wall Assemblies Providing Shear Resistance - Phase 2, Cheng Yu, Yujie Chen

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The North American Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing - Lateral Design, AISI S213-07, provides design provisions for cold-formed steel framed shear walls with steel sheet sheathing. However, options are limited to 18-mil and 27-mil steel sheet sheathing. Phase 1 of this project was successfully completed and a final report, Steel Sheet Sheathing Options for Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Wall Assemblies Providing Shear Resistance, dated October 31, 2007 has been issued. The primary objective of Phase 1 was to add values to AISI S213 for 30-mil and 33-mil sheet steel shear walls with 2:1 and 4:1 aspect ratios and 6”, 4”, …

Use Of In-Planta Solid Phase Sampling Devices To Delineate Voc Plumes, Joel Gerard Burken, Kendra Waltermire, Emily Sheehan

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Plants Directly Interact with Surrounding Water, Air, and Soil, Collecting and Storing Chemicals and Elements from the Surrounding Environment. Two New and Innovative Sampling Methods in Which This Valuable Data Can Be Accessed to Replace as Well as Supplement Contaminated-Site Investigations Have Been Developed. When Determining the Extent of the Plume on a Contaminated Site, Groundwater Sampling May Be Limited Due to Time, Site Access, and Expense. by using New Techniques that Place Sampling Devices Inside the Trees on Site, We Can Sample Trees Naturally Occurring on a Contaminated Site or Those Planted in Phytoremediation or Redevelopment Efforts, Evaluate the …

Simulations Of Aquaculture Dissolved Waste Transport And Mixing In Near-Coastal Waters, S. K. Venayagamoorthy, O. B. Fringer, J. R. Koseff, R. L. Naylor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The present study focuses on understanding the transport and fate of dissolved waste from aquaculture pens in near-coastal environments using the hydrodynamic code SUNTANS, which employs unstructured grids to compute flows at very high resolution. We perform simulations of the dissolved waste field and study the effects of different flow conditions (tides and currents) on the evolution of the waste plume. The fish pen causes partial blockage of the flow, leading to the deceleration of the approaching flow and the formation of a downstream wake. Results of the concentration field for an oscillatory flow condition superimposed on a mean current …

Structural Assessment Of Highway "N" Power Substation Under Earthquake Loads, Genda Chen, Dongming Yan, Zuocai Wang, Seth Justin, J. David Rogers, Kazi Rezaul Karim

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study, the Highway N Substation was analyzed with a finite element model (FEM) for its vulnerability. The 'rigid' bus and electric switch components were characterized with full scale shake table tests. Each component of the substation was carefully modeled with due considerations of mass density, stiffness and geometries. Based on the FEM, modal analysis was conducted to identify the natural frequencies of the structure along with their corresponding mass participation factors. In response spectrum and time history analyses, the dynamic responses of main components, such as 'rigid' buses and switches, were evaluated. The magnitude and location of the …

Steel Sheet Sheathing Options For Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Wall Assemblies Providing Shear Resistance - Phase 2, Cheng Yu, Yujie Chen

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

Monotonic and cyclic tests on cold-formed steel shear walls sheathed with steel sheets on one side were conducted to (1) verify the published nominal shear strength for 18-mil and 27-mil steel sheets; and (2) investigate the behavior of 6-ft. wide shear walls with multiple steel sheets. This project is the continuation of a completed project titled “Steel Sheet Sheathing Options for Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Wall Assemblies Providing Shear Resistance” by Yu (2007). This Phase 2 project confirms the discrepancy in the published nominal strength of 27-mil sheets discovered by the Phase 1 project, and proposes new values. The project …

Strengthening Of Rural Bridges Using Rapid-Installation Frp Technology: Route 63 Bridge No. H356, Phelps County, Dongming Yan, Jianbo Li, Chenglin Wu, Genda Chen

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This report presents the use of externally bonded fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) laminates for the flexural strengthening of a concrete bridge. The bridge selected for this project is a two-span simply supported reinforced concrete slab with no transverse steel reinforcement located in Phelps County, MO. The original construction combined with the presence of very rigid parapets caused the formation of a 1-inch wide longitudinal crack, which resulted in the slab to behave as two separate elements. The structural behavior was verified using a finite element model (FEM) of the bridge. The bridge analysis was performed for maximum loads determined in …

Evaluation Of Swine-Specific Pcr Assays Used For Fecal Source Tracking And Analysis Of Molecular Diversity Of Swine-Specific "Bacteroidales" Populations, Regina Lamendella, Jorge W. Santo Domingo, Anthony C. Yannarell, Shreya Ghosh, Giovanni George Di, Roderick Ian Mackie, Daniel B. Oerther

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study, we evaluated the specificity, distribution, and sensitivity of Prevotella strain-based (PF163 and PigBac1) and methanogen-based (P23-2) PCR assays proposed to detect swine fecal pollution in environmental waters. The assays were tested against 222 fecal DNA extracts derived from target and nontarget animal hosts and against 34 groundwater and 15 surface water samples from five different sites. We also investigated the phylogenetic diversity of 1,340 "Bacteroidales" 16S rRNA gene sequences derived from swine feces, swine waste lagoons, swine manure pits, and waters adjacent to swine operations. Most swine fecal samples were positive for the host-specific Prevotella-based PCR assays …

Model For Reinforced Concrete Members Under Torsion, Bending, And Shear. Ii: Model Application And Validation, Gary Greene, Abdeldjelil Belarbi

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A model was recently proposed for predicting the load-deformation response of a reinforced concrete member under torsion combined with bending and shear to spalling or ultimate. This paper shows the application of the model to create interaction surfaces to predict the failure of a member subjected to different ratios of applied torsion, bending, and shear. the model was validated by comparing the predicted and experimental behavior of 28 members from three experimental studies available in the literature. the members were loaded under torsion combined with different ratios of bending, and shear. the torque-twist behavior, reinforcement stress, and concrete surface strain …

Model For Reinforced Concrete Members Under Torsion, Bending, And Shear. I: Theory, Gary Greene, Abdeldjelil Belarbi

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A model has been developed that can predict the load-deformation response of a reinforced concrete (RC) member subjected to torsion combined with bending and shear to spalling or ultimate capacity. the model can also be used to create interaction surfaces to predict the failure of a member subjected to different ratios of applied torsion, bending, and shear. the model idealizes the sides of a reinforced concrete member as shear "wall panels." the applied loads are distributed to the wall panels as uniform normal stresses and uniform shear stresses. the shear stress due to an applied torsional moment and shear force …

Lignin And Lipid Impact On Sorption And Diffusion Of Trichloroethylene In Tree Branches For Determining Contaminant Fate During Plant Sampling And Phytoremediation, Gayathri Gopalakrishnan, Joel Gerard Burken, Charles J. Werth

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Plants Draw All They Need from their Surrounding Environment and in Doing So Also Draw Anthropogenic Contaminants from their Surroundings. Several Natural Processes (E.g., Active Transport, Diffusion, Sorption, and Degradation) Occur within Trees and Affect Chemical Concentrations in Tree Samples. This Study Elucidates Tree Contaminant Chemical Interactions on Equilibrium Sorption and Diffusion into Branch Tissue (I.e., Wood Core and Bark), Specifically the Impacts of Lipid and Lignin Content. Five Tree Species Were Selected to Span a Range of Lignin and Lipid Contents. Linear Isotherms Were Obtained for All Sampled Species over a Limited Concentration Range (2 Μg/ ML < C Gas < 12 Μg/mL), and Equilibrium Distribution Coefficients (Kd) Were Linearly Correlated to Lipid (R2 > 0.83) But …

A Novel Tdr-Based Coaxial Cable Sensor For Crack/Strain Sensing In Reinforced Concrete Structures, Shishuang Sun, David Pommerenke, James L. Drewniak, Genda Chen, Liang Xue, Michael A. Brower, Marina Koledintseva

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Novel coaxial cable sensors that feature high sensitivity and high spatial resolution are developed for health monitoring of concrete structures using a time-domain reflectometry (TDR). The new sensor was designed based on the topology change of its outer conductor, which was fabricated with tightly wrapped commercial tin-plated steel spiral covered with solder. The cracks that developed within concrete structures will lead to out-of-contact of local steel spirals. This topology change results in a large impedance discontinuity that can be measured with a TDR. A simplified equivalent transmission line model and numerical full-wave simulations using finite-difference time-domain techniques were used to …

Reverse Transcription Of 16s Rrna To Monitor Ribosome-Synthesizing Bacterial Populations In The Environment, Ting Lu, Peter George Stroot, Daniel B. Oerther

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Identification and quantification of phylogenetically defined bacterial populations in the environment are often performed using molecular tools targeting 16S rRNA. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has been used to monitor the expression and processing of rRNA by targeting the 3' tail of precursor 16S rRNA. To expand this approach, we employed reverse transcription of total RNA using primer S-D-Bact-0338-a-A-18. Length heterogeneity detected by slab gel analysis, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) was used to differentiate the 5' tail of the precursor from mature 16S rRNA, and the relative abundance of the precursor compared to the abundance of mature 16S rRNA was …

Conference Review - 4th International Phytotechnologies Conference, Denver, Co, September 24-26, 2007, Jason C. White, Joel G. (Gerard) Burken

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Why Is Fresh Self-Compacting Concrete Shear Thickening?, Dimitri Feys, Ronny Verhoeven, Geert De Schutter

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Rheological Properties of Fresh Concrete Are Mostly Described by Means of the Bingham Model. for Self-Compacting Concrete, the Bingham Model is Applicable in a Lot of Cases, But Some Authors Report that the Rheological Behavior is Non-Linear. the Apparent Viscosity Increases with Increasing Shear Rate and the SCC Shows Shear Thickening Behavior. Shear Thickening Becomes Important in Operations Occurring at High Shear Rates, Like Mixing and Pumping. in These Cases, Shear Thickening Should Not Be Forgotten in Order to Avoid Breaking of the Mixer, Pump or Pipes. This Paper Will Describe Two Possible Theories for Shear Thickening Behavior of …

Aisi Manual -- Cold-Formed Steel Design, 2008 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Specifications for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel design. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject.

With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is anticipated that AISI will …

Quick Test For Durability Factor Estimation, David Newton Richardson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) is considering the use of the AASHTO T 161 Durability Factor (DF) as an end-result performance specification criterion for evaluation of paving concrete. However, the test method duration can exceed 75 days before results are known. MoDOT contracted with the Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) to develop a method of approximation of DF based primarily on aggregate testing that would be of a shorter duration. Nineteen different ledge samples representing 18 ledges, 10 geologic formations (nine limestone and one dolomite) were sampled by MoDOT and delivered to Missouri S&T. The ledge …

Section Properties For Cellular Decks Subjected To Negative Bending, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Direct Strength Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Members With Perforations, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Integration Approach Of The Couette Inverse Problem Of Powder Type Self-Compacting Concrete In A Wide-Gap Concentric Cylinder Rheometer. Part Ii. Influence Of Mineral Additions And Chemical Admixtures On The Shear Thickening Flow Behaviour, G. Heirman, R. Hendrickx, L. Vandewalle, D. Van Gemert, D. (Dimitri) Feys, G. De Schutter, B. Desmet, J. Vantomme

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Influence of Mineral Additions and Chemical Admixtures on the Shear Thickening Flow Behavior of Powder Type Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is Studied by Means of a Wide-Gap Concentric Cylinder Rheometer. the Couette Inverse Problem is Treated by Means of the Integration Method in Order to Derive the Flow Curve Τ(Γ̇) from the Torque Measurements. According to the Experimental Results, the Shear Thickening Effect is Found to Be Strongly Influenced by the Addition of the Chemical Admixture (A Polycarboxylate Ether based Superplasticizer), Whereas Mineral Additions Were Found to Modify the Intensity of Shear Thickening. the Limestone, Quartzite and Fly Ash Addition …

A Novel Long-Period Fiber Grating Optical Sensor For Large Strain Measurement, Genda Chen, Hai Xiao, Ying Huang, Zhi Zhou, Yinan Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Critical buildings such as hospitals and police stations must remain functional immediately following a major earthquake event. Due to earthquake effects, they often experience large strains, leading to progressive collapses. Therefore, monitoring and assessing the large strain condition of critical buildings is of paramount importance to post-earthquake responses and evacuations in earthquake-prone regions. In this study, a novel large strain sensor based on the long period fiber grating (LPFG) technology is proposed and developed. CO₂ laser induced LPFG sensors are characterized for such mechanical properties as strain sensitivity in extension and flexure, sensor stability, and measurement range. For practical …

Wavelet Based Adaptive Rbf Method For Nearly Singular Poisson-Type Problems On Irregular Domains, Nicolas Ali Libre, Arezoo Emdadi, Edward J. Kansa, Mohammad Shekarchi, Mohammad Rahimian

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present a wavelet based adaptive scheme and investigate the efficiency of this scheme for solving nearly singular potential PDEs over irregularly shaped domains. For a problem defined over Ω ∈ ℜ^d, the boundary of an irregularly shaped domain, Γ, is defined as a boundary curve that is a product of a Heaviside function along the normal direction and a piecewise continuous tangential curve. The link between the original wavelet based adaptive method presented in Libre, Emdadi, Kansa, Shekarchi, and Rahimian (2008, 2009) or LEKSR method and the generalized one is given through the use of simple Heaviside …

Resilient Moduli Of Granular Base Materials Using A Modified Type 5 Gradation, David Newton Richardson, S. M. Lusher

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) in collaboration with the Missouri Limestone Producers Association (MLPA) was interested in determining what effect a change in the Type 5 aggregate base gradation specification would have on the resilient modulus (Mr) of said aggregate. The proposed change would lower the minimum allowable total percentage of material passing the #4 (4.75 mm mesh) sieve from 35% to 25%, and the #30 (0.600 mm mesh) sieve from 10% to 5%. The remainder of the gradation specification would remain unchanged. The rationale for this proposed change is that some aggregate producers believe the change could help …

Mechanistic-Empirical Modeling In Network-Level Pavement Management, Scott Schram, Magdy Abdelrahman

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Researchers and practitioners have long recognized the advantages of mechanistic modeling. As agencies implement the Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures [referred to as the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG)] in the local project-level pavement management system (PMS), its potential as a planning tool in network-level analyses remains unrecognized. A unique, large-scale application of MEPDG is presented. The Nebraska Department of Roads uses a decision tree that systematically screens and identifies candidates for entry into a multiyear optimization program. The process uses linear deterioration rates that have been shown to provide an R² value as …