Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Computer Simulation Of A Linde "Double Column", John A. Bazan

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a Fortran Computer Program to simulate the operation of a Linde "Double Column" for the separation of air into oxygen and nitrogen. The model outputs the number of contact stages required, the reflux ratio, the heat loads (condenser and reboiler, and the five profiles of temperature, pressure, vapor flow rate, liquid flow rate, and light component composition. From this data, the proposed design can be evaluated, and the effect of varying operating conditions explored.

A Solid State Kinetic Study Of Potassium Permanganate In Alkali Halide Disks, Joseph Paul Cusumano

Theses

The stoichiometry and the kinetics of the reactions of KMnO₄ in KCl and KIO₄ in KCl were studied. The kinetics of the reactions were studied at three different temperatures to obtain the thermodynamic parameters. In addition, these reactions were studied in KBr and RbI matrices. The data was obtained using infrared spectrophotometer measurements.

The reactions all appeared to be first order with respect to the permanganate ion. The stoichiometric studies indicate that the Mn₄^- is converted to Mn⁺⁺ and the Mn⁺⁺ ion apparently catalyzes the reduction of KI₄. The results indicate the …

Predictions Of Catalyst Utilization With Continuous Replacement In Multistage Continuous Reactors From Batch Reactor Data, Norman M. Feinberg

Theses

This thesis presents a new equation for predicting catalyst utilization with continuous replacement in multistage continuous reactors from batch reactor data.

An equation is derived from experimental data for a. no-replacement system which predicts catalyst activity as a function of time. The assumption of constant inventory, constant replacement rate and perfect mixing permit the calculation of catalyst age distribution. By combining age distribution with a measure of catalyst productivity, as determined from activity as a function of time, an equation for catalyst utilization was derived. The case used to prepare this equation was where the activity decline curve appears as …

Analysis Of Decomposition Gases And Leach Water From Controlled Sanitary Landfill, Robert Gargano

Theses

A sanitary landfill was simulated by placing "refuse" between two layers of soil in 6" by 24" cylinders. Canine nutriment was used to simulate the refuse. Once the refuse began to decompose, the decomposition gases were collected in a gas cell and analyzed in an Infrared Spectrophotometer. When gas samples were not taken, the decomposition gases were vented through a water trap (to prevent air from backing up into the system) into the atmosphere. Distilled water was added and withdrawn at two week intervals to leach out the pollutants.

From the Infrared analysis, the decomposition gases were determined to be …

Separations Via Semicontinuous Parametric Pumping, Edward H. Reiss

Theses

A semicontinuous parametric pump with batch operation during one half-cycle and continuous operation in the other half-cycle was experimentally investigated in the model system, toluene-n-heptane on silica gel adsorbent. Comparison was made with analytical results obtained by the equilibrium theory. It was shown that when the penetration distance for the cold cycle was less than or equal to that of the hot cycle and the height of the column, the rate of production of pure solvent in the semicontinuous pump may become quite large relative to that in the continuous pump.

Computerized Computation Of Counter-Current Extraction Problems For Ternary Liquid Systems, Albert Warren Patterson

Theses

A Fortran computer program has been developed that will calculate the number of theoretical equilibrium stages required for a countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction design problem. It also furnishes a complete stagewise material balance. Further utility can be found by using it for optimization studies. The program can be utilized for three-component systems that form one pair of partially miscible liquids, the most frequently occuring situation. The program was written for the General Electric Mark I Time-Sharing System.

The program has a practical advantage in that isothermal liquid equilibria data are used directly for calculation purposes. No use is made of theoretically …

A Study Of The Optimization Of Ethylene Production In A Tubular Reactor, Richard W. J. Robertson

Theses

The pyrolysis of ethane is a complex reaction involving six individual reactions in a reactant mixture of thirteen components. It is further complicated by the deposition of carbon along the reactor walls. The carbon buildup eventually necessitates reactor shutdown, During the intermediate stages the reactor experiences a gradual increase in inlet pressure which affects the reaction conditions, Optimum temperature profiles exist because the yield goes up with increasing temperature, but, consequently, the reactor must be shut down and cleaned out with increasing frequency. The combined effect causes the yearly production of ethylene to go through an optimum.

To find this …

The Reaction Of P-Nitrophenyl Acetate With Lysine Hydrochloride And Poly-1-Lysine Hydrobromide, Emmanuel Plange Matteer

Theses

The reactions of p-nitrophenylacetate with L-lysine hydrochloride and poly-L-lysine hydrobromide as a function of pH were investigated.

The results indicate that both compounds react with the substrate in the pH range 7.0-10.0 with an apparent optimum pH in the region near 9.65.

Poly-L-lysine reacts more rapidly over the entire pH range investigated than does L-lysine.

The Effect Of Ultrasonic Vibration On Mass Transfer In A Packed Column, Joseph Walter Stanecki

Theses

The object of this research was to investigate the possibility of using externally supplied ultrasonic vibration to surface of a packed distillation column operating at total reflux to improve the separation. The apparatus used for this experimentation consisted of a 2 inch ID Pyrex column having three pairs of ultrasonic transducers epoxied equidistance along the external surface of the column. Each pair of transducers was driven separately by a 50 watt amplifier! power supply and a sine/square wave generator.

There were three types of binary mixtures covered during experimentation: minimum boiling azeotropes, maximum boiling azeotropes and full range mixtures. In …

A Study Of The Effect Of A Dielectric Field On The Solvolysis Rate Of Tert-Butyl Bromide In A Recycle Reactor, Rolf L. Ball

Theses

Previous experiments at Newark College of Engineering have shown that a dielectric field can effect the rate of a chemical reaction. A theory was developed in this thesis to postulate how a dielectric field can increase the rate of a first order reaction whose rate determining step is an ionization. An experimental procedure was developed to measure the reaction rate constant of a tertiary alkyl halide with a solvent to test this theory. The solvolysis of tortbutyl bromide in aqueous ethanol (80%), aqueous dioxane (75%) and aqueous acetone (75%) solvent systems were the reactions selected for study. A total of …

The Development Of Langmuir's Adsorption Isotherms For Glucose And Fructose And The Separation Via Continuous Parametric Pumping, Jafir Abbas Jaferi

Theses

The adsorption equilibria and adsorption rates of fructose and of glucose on aqueous suspensions of fullers earth were determined at various temperatures. The Langmuir adsorption equations were fitted to the equilibrium data and the Langmuir constants were determined so that isotherms could be developed for any pair of parametric pumping operating temperatures.

This glucose+fructose+water system was then subjected to continuous thermal parametric pumping for the separation of glucose and fructose. The operating conditions required for the separation were determined from the experimental adsorption rates and equilibrium isotherms. Samples taken from the continuous top and bottom streams were analyzed by polarimetry …

Equilibrium Calculations Via The Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation Of State, Steven L. Sincoff

Theses

The performance of various vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations requires phase equilibrium data. One of the most versatile sources of this data is an equation of state, re-lating the pressure, temperature, and phase compositions it a single expression. The equation under study herewith is the eight constant Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation of State.

This paper provides a computer program which evaluates the following types of phase equilibria: bubble-points, dew-points, and two phase flash calculations. Also included in this paper is the theoretical backround of the Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation of State, calculational techniques, and the data used in the program.

Studies Of Rare Earth Compounds, Rostam Mondegarian

Theses

The work reported herein has consisted of miscellaneous studies of rare earth compounds.

1. The Pr—As system was studied with a view to obtaining a ferromagnetic composition.
2. Attempts were made to prepare ternary compounds by solid state reaction of PrAs, GdAs or YbAs with MnAs, CrAs or FeAs, and PrP, GdP, or YbP with MnP, CrP or FeP.
3. Attempts were made to prepare quaternary compounds by solid state reaction of YbAs, YbP and GdAs with CdI2 in various molar ratios. In many cases new compouns appeared to be formed but because of complexity of the X—ray patterns it was not possible …

Flow Behavior Of Molten Polymer Blends, Kryspin Pawel Maciejewski

Theses

An experimental study of molten polymer blends was made using the Instron Capillary Rheometer. The materials investigated were two phase blends of non-crystalline polymers (poIymethylmethacrystate-low Mw-polyvinylacetate, polyvinylacetate-polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate-low Mw-polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate-high Mw-polystyrene), crystalline polymers (polyethylene-polypropylene) and combinations of non-crystalline-crystalline polymers (polyethylene-polystyrene). Two methods of sample preparation were used, blending of a polymer pair in a molten state by the use of Brabender blender, and a simple manual blending of pellets in desired proportion. The Brabender blended polymer pairs show lower viscosities, this is interpreted molecularly as a result of a reduction of the amount of chain entanglement on shearing of the …

Continuous Interfacial Polycondensation Of Nylon 6-6, Chandrakant A. Patel

Theses

Nylon 6-6 has been prepared by continuous interfacial polycondensation from hexamethylene diamine and adipyl chloride in a stirred system. The effect of monomer concentration and stirring on the intrinsic viscosity of polyamide 6-6 solution in formic acid (90%) was determined.

As stirring rate and monomer ratio increased, the intrinsic viscosity and polymer yield went through a maximum. Diffusion coefficient (D_AB) for hexamethylene diamine was calculated and from that J_D and mass transfer coefficient /D_AB were calculated. A relation between Reynolds number and J_D factor was established by correlation curve.

Dielectric Properties Of Atactic And Isotactic Polystyrene, Thaddeus F. Kroplinski

Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the dielectric constant and dissipation factor of atactic and isotactic polystyrene at 25°C and at frequencies of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 kilocycles per second. In addition, the effects of molecular weight and crystallinity on the dielectric properties of polystyrene mos also studied.

Polystyrene slabs of uniform thickness mere prepared by molding the polymer under heat and pressure. The isotactic polystyrene slabs Imre annealed at 175°g for various lengths of time to achieve varying degrees of crystallinity.

The molded polystyrene slabs were fitted with circular aluminum foil electrodes to form a three …

The Oxidation Of Carbon Monoxide By Magnesium Aluminate, James A. Whelan

Dissertations

In this research the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide was investigated on magnesium aluminate catalysts, MgO:xAl₂O₃, with five different compositions, x, ranging from 1.0 to 3.0. The reaction was run at temperatures ranging from 500 to 600 °C. with radioactive carbon monoxide as the tracer. An experimental technique has been devised for the analysis of unreacted CO which takes into account a correction for the solubility of CO in CO₂.

Four mathematical models were postulated to explain the mechanism of reaction. The models were examined against experimental data by means of non-linear least squares …

A Simple Method For Liquid Enthalpy Departure Calculations, Ching-Lin Chien

Theses

The reduced equation of state for gases and liquids developed by Benson and Golding in 1951 is modified and used to calculate liquid enthalpy departures for saturated pure substances and mixtures. The temperature-independent coefficients in the modified equation are determined from critical properties and experimental liquid enthalpies at the boiling point and at the critical point. The results of the proposed method are compared with those predicted with the modified Redlich-Kwong equation of state by Joffe and Zudkevitch.

Agitation Of Dilatant Fluids, Vijay Jang Datta

Theses

No abstract provided.

A Nomograph For The Rapid Solution Of The Arrhenius Equation, Joseph John Lamont

Theses

There are presently no calculational aids for the rapid computation of the Arrhenius parameters of the chemical reaction rate equations.

Two nomographs for solving the Arrhenius equation for the relative reaction rate constants at different temperatures, and for computing activation energies and frequency factors are presented. Several graphs and tables of the relative reaction rate constant as a function of activation energy and temperature are also presented.

The nomographs, graphs and tables can be used, singly or combined, in lieu of numerical calculation for the solution for Arrhenius parameters, or the computation of rate constants.

A computer program included in …

A Simulation Model Capable Of Performing The Calculations Involved In Defining A Crude Preheat Train, Robert G. Parker

Theses

A simulation model has been developed for a system of ex changers to preheat the feed to a crude distillation unit. In conjunction, a Fortran program for the performance of the model calculations by digital computer was written. Two types of preheat system were simulated, a single train system and a split (or parallel) train system. A number of features were included in the program for flexibility and versatility. A particular effort was made to have the model represent as economical a preheat system as possible.

The model program was used to obtain computer-calculated results for both single-train and split-train …

Incineration Of Solid/Liquid Human Waste, Theodore Joseph Wayne

Theses

This thesis encompasses the design criteria required to produce an effective incineration system for the disposal of solid/liquid human waste. Coupled with the overall design parameters is an investigation of the chemical decomposition of the waste during the incineration process, odor treatment and control, and the physiological effects on the human body due to the inhalation of the toxic gases given off during the combustion of human waste.

The variables involved in the combustion process are studied and equations presented that relate the combustion variables of flame temperature, residence time and air requirements. These equations are tested based upon published …

Prediction Of The Physical Properties Of Pure Gases And Liquids, James L. Filson

Theses

A computer programmed system for the estimation of physical properties of pure compounds from minimum data input on compound type and structure was developed for both gas and liquid phase conditions.

The properties of the gas phase which can be obtained include:

• gas volume
• compressibility
• normal boiling point
• volume at the normal boiling point
• critical temperature, pressure, volume compressibility
• vapor pressure
• Riedel factor
• acentric factor
• ideal heat capacity
• heat capacity at constant pressure
• heat capacity at constant volume
• dipole moment
• intermolecular distance
• hard sphere volume
• viscosity at low pressure
• viscosity at elevated pressure
• thermal conductivity at low pressure
• thermal conductivity …

Computer Model For Reactor Design Of An Ethane Cracking Unit, Derek J. Lough

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a Fortran [sic] Computer Program to model the radiation section of a pyrolysis tube reactor designed for cracking 100 percent ethane feed. The model calculates the length of the tubular reactor required to obtain a specified ethane conversion or the ethane conversion for a specified reactor length. The resulting solution yields a conversion profile, a temperature profile, and the reactor residence time as a function of tube length. From this data it can be determined if the design is adequate and lies within the reactor model's constraints.

Local Mole Fraction Equations For The Excess Free Energy Of Mixing, Jose Mario Marina

Dissertations

An extensive study of local mole fraction equations aimed at obtaining a two parameter expression for the Excess Free Energy of miscible and immiscible systems has been undertaken.

Initially our approach was to modify existing equations by substituting those parameters reflecting interaction between like molecules by the pure component energies of vaporization. This resulted in a one parameter modification of the three parameter Wilson equation, which correlates data poorly and a two parameter modification of the NRTL equation which correlates binary miscible data with fair accuracy. A modification of the Scatchard-Hildebrand equation, where mole fractions are substituted by local mole …

Stability Analysis Of A Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor With An Autocatalytic Reaction, David Elliot Rosenberg

Theses

The basic principles of stability analysis are set forth, including the development of a mathematical model, steady state analysis, integration of the dynamic system equations, and predictions of transient responses. The equations for the mathematical model are developed for a continuous stirred tank reactor with a cooling jacket, containing an autocatalytic reaction, in unsteady state operation. These equations are numerically integrated to obtain a good picture of reactor dynamics about the steady state. State variable methods, including the classical linearization theorems and Lyapunov's Second Method, are utilized to predict bounds of stable reactor behavior. A discussion of the shortcomings of …

A Study Of Heat Transfer And Inlet Flow Behavior In Molten Polymer Systems, Min Ho Choi

Theses

Two separate studies have been done in the present work: one to study the entrance effects in flow in molten polymer systems and the other to investigate the heat transfer to thermally softened flowing polymer.

The equipment for the entrance effect was designed to study the isothermal flow behavior of a polymer melt in the entrance region. The main object of this investigation was to find the entrance length for the melt to relax and to separate the pressure drop into viscous and elastic effect. Due to the failure in developing a proper pressure measuring device the experiment was not …

The Reaction Of O-Propylphenyl Azide With Di-N-Propylamine, Seyed Ziaeddin Razavi

Theses

Nitration of n-propylbenzene resulted in O-nitro-n-propylbenzene. Reduction of this compound gave o-n-Propylphenyl azide was prepared by diazotization of o-n-propylaniline followed by treatment with sodium azide.

Photolysis of o-n-propylphenyl azide in di-n-propyl-amine yielded two new azepines, 2-di-n-propylamino-3n-propyl-3H azepine and 2-di-n-propylamino-7-n-propy1-7H-azepine. Their structures were assigned on the basis of their physical properties (i.e. I.R., U.V., N.M.R., N.S. and elemental analysis).

Photolysis of the azide at room temperature gave 26.9% o-n-propylaniline and 4.3% 2-di-n-propylamino-3-n-propy1-3H azepine, but when the photolysis was carried out in the presence of the triplet photosensitizer (xanthen-9-one) the yield of o-n-propylaniline was increased to 34.6% and the yield of 2-di-n-propylamino-3n-propy1-3H-azepine …

Development Of An Apparatus To Obtain Temperature Profiles Of Molten Flowing Polymers, Ismail Kemal Saltuk

Theses

The object of this investigation is to develop and test an apparatus to predict temperature profiles of polymer melts in laminar flow in a heat exchanger, with non-isothermal wall conditions.

A commercial polyethylene melt is pumped at various flow rates through a smooth 0.957 in. I.D. pipe. The entrance temperature of polymer is maintained uniform.

Radially distributed six thermocouples (0.062 in. 0.D.) are placed at 2.5 ft. intervals from the entrance of heat exchanger. Immersion of these probes parallel to the flow direction, reduced the errors due to the conduction of heat from the tube wall to the thermocouple stems. …

A Kinetic Study Of The Anionic Polymerization Of Neopentylethylene Oxide, Albert Edward Meisinger

Dissertations

Kinetic data for the anionic polymerization of bulk neopentylethylene oxide were determined. The initiator used for this study was potassium t-butoxide. Polymerization runs were made at temperatures of 39.9, 60.0 and 80.3°C using monomer to initiator ratios of 50/1 and 20/1.

The polymerization reaction was found to follow pseudo first order kinetics up to about 60% polymerization and second order after this. The energy of activation for the propagation reaction was found to be 17.4 ± 1.2 K cal/mole and 18.5 ± 1.5 K cal/mole, respectively, for the pseudo first order and second order portions of the polymerization. The value …