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Articles 391 - 420 of 491
Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering
Overview Of Cogeneration At Lsu, Robert,Jr. Buckley
Overview Of Cogeneration At Lsu, Robert,Jr. Buckley
LSU Master's Theses
Cogeneration (or Combined Heat and Power) continues to gain importance in power production because of its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and flexibility. Louisiana State University (LSU) recently began operation of a new 20 MW cogeneration system. This new facility can serve as a useful learning tool for chemical and mechanical engineering students throughout their education at LSU. The goal of this project is to develop educational modules utilizing the cogeneration system which have industrial significance. Educational modules will include: a comparison of ideal gas versus real gas thermodynamics for a cogeneration optimization problem, a cogeneration data reconciliation problem, and a …
The Bioturbation Transport Of Chemicals In Surface Soils, Maria D. Rodriguez
The Bioturbation Transport Of Chemicals In Surface Soils, Maria D. Rodriguez
LSU Master's Theses
Large quantities of chemicals, such as pesticides, fertilizers, and industrial wastes, have been found throughout the environment raising concerns due to their ecological impacts and implications to human health. Soil is the most important repository of many organic chemicals in the environment. The objective of the present study was to determine the importance of the soil solid phase in the transport of chemicals in soils, and yield quantitative information to better describe bioturbation and its role in the movement of soil particles. Vertical movement of chemicals in the soil solid phase occurs by mixing mechanisms, such as bioturbation, cryoturbation, and …
Physical Model Study Of The Effects Of Wettability And Fractures On Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (Gagd) Performance, Wagirin Ruiz Paidin
Physical Model Study Of The Effects Of Wettability And Fractures On Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (Gagd) Performance, Wagirin Ruiz Paidin
LSU Master's Theses
The Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process was developed to take advantage of the natural segregation of injected gas from crude oil in the reservoir. It consists of placing a horizontal producer near the bottom of the reservoir and injecting gas using existing vertical wells. As the injected gas rises to the top to form a gas cap, oil and water drain down to the horizontal producer. Earlier experimental work using a physical model by Sharma had demonstrated the effectiveness of the GAGD process in improving the oil recovery when applied in water-wet porous media. The current research is an extension …
Enhanced Degradation Of Phenanthrene And Benzo(A)Pyrene In A Field-Contaminated Sediment Inhabited By Ilyodrilus Templetoni: A Microcosm Study, Marilou Montevirgen Nabatilan
Enhanced Degradation Of Phenanthrene And Benzo(A)Pyrene In A Field-Contaminated Sediment Inhabited By Ilyodrilus Templetoni: A Microcosm Study, Marilou Montevirgen Nabatilan
LSU Master's Theses
The influence of the oligochaete Ilyodrilus templetoni on the degradation of phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene present in a field-contaminated sediment was studied in microcosm experiments. Results indicate an enhanced degradation of phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene in microcosms inhabited by I. templetoni. Total phenanthrene reduction was observed at an average of 9.78 % in worm microcosms, while no reduction was observed in the control microcosms. Benzo(a)pyrene reduction, on the other hand, was determined at 78.60 % and 30.04 % in worm and control microcosms, respectively. The lowest concentrations of these PAHs at the end of 97-day study were observed well below the surface …
Compositional Effects On Gas-Oil Interfacial Tension And Miscibility At Reservoir Conditions, Daryl Sean Sequeira
Compositional Effects On Gas-Oil Interfacial Tension And Miscibility At Reservoir Conditions, Daryl Sean Sequeira
LSU Master's Theses
Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is an important optimization parameter for an enhanced oil recovery process involving Carbon Dioxide or hydrocarbon gas injection. Therefore an accurate experimental measurement is required to determine the MMP. The MMP for a gas-oil system is directly related to the interfacial tension between the injected gas and the reservoir crude oil. When CO2 gas contacts the reservoir oil at reservoir temperature, the interfacial tension between the fluid-fluid phases reduces as the miscibility is approached and the interface between the fluid-fluid phases eventually disappears at miscibility i.e. the interfacial tension becomes zero. Hence, a pressure condition of …
Experimental And Computational Analysis Of Random Cylinder Packings With Applications, Wenli Zhang
Experimental And Computational Analysis Of Random Cylinder Packings With Applications, Wenli Zhang
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Random cylinder packings are prevalent in chemical engineering applications and they can serve as prototype models of fibrous materials and/or other particulate materials. In this research, comprehensive studies on cylinder packings were carried out by computer simulations and by experiments. The computational studies made use of a collective rearrangement algorithm (based on a Monte Carlo technique) to generate different packing structures. 3D random packing limits were explored, and the packing structures were quantified by their positional ordering, orientational ordering, and the particle-particle contacts. Furthermore, the void space in the packings was expressed as a pore network, which retains topological and …
Electrodeposited Metal Matrix Nanocomposites As Thin Films And High Aspect Ratio Microstructures For Mems, Alonso Lozano Morales
Electrodeposited Metal Matrix Nanocomposites As Thin Films And High Aspect Ratio Microstructures For Mems, Alonso Lozano Morales
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The electrodeposition of metal-matrix nanocomposites as thin film and high aspect ratio microstructures (HARM’s) for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) components is examined. The effect of -Al2O3 nanopowder on copper reduction from acidic and basic electrolytes is examined with rotating disk electrodes (RDE’s). At pH 0.2, regions of copper inhibition and enhancement are identified in the kinetic regime. Low particle loading (12.5 g/L) results in an inhibited copper rate, while, high particle concentration (60 g/L) does both, inhibits the rate at low overpotentials and accelerates it at higher overpotentials, depending on the electrode rotation rate. At pH 8 the presence of particles …
A Distribution Kinetics Approach For Polymer Crystallization And Phase Separation, Jiao Yang
A Distribution Kinetics Approach For Polymer Crystallization And Phase Separation, Jiao Yang
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The mechanism of polymer crystallization is extensively studied and still far away from consensus. This research adopted cluster size distribution kinetics approach to explore the kinetics of polymer crystallization and phase separation within spinodal region. The kinetics of polymer crystallization is studied by integrating nucleation, crystal growth and ripening. Population balance equations based on crystal size distribution and concentration of amorphous polymer segments are solved numerically and the related differential moment equations are also solved. The model accounts for nucleation and crystal growth. Different mass dependences of growth and dissociation rate coefficients are proposed to investigate the fundamental features of …
Distribution Dynamics Of Complex Systems, Young-Pyo Jeon
Distribution Dynamics Of Complex Systems, Young-Pyo Jeon
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
A complex system is defined as a system with many interdependent parts having emergent self-organization; analyzing and designing such complex systems is a new challenge. A common observable structure of many complex systems is the network, which is connections among nodes, and thus inherently difficult to describe. The goal of this research is to introduce an effective methodology to describe complex systems, and thus we will construct a population balance (distribution kinetics) model based on the association-dissociation process to describe the evolution of complex systems. Networks are commonly observed structures in complex systems with interdependent parts that self-organize. How networks …
Electrodeposition Of Cocu Nanostructures, Yutong Li
Electrodeposition Of Cocu Nanostructures, Yutong Li
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Electrodeposition is a key component in the microelectronic industry because it has the following advantages: low cost, easy operation and the capability to deposit into irregular geometries such as recessed and curved areas. In this dissertation, CoCu alloys were investigated to fabricate multilayers, microdevices and microposts. All of these multilayer structures were composed of nanometric copper and cobalt-rich layers in order to obtain magnetoresistance, a phenomenon where the resistance of multilayer structures decreases with increases of external magnetic field. An investigation was carried out in order to evaluate appropriate plating conditions during multilayered thin film deposition, with the aim to …
Electrodeposition Of Auco Alloys And Multilayers, Maoshi Guan
Electrodeposition Of Auco Alloys And Multilayers, Maoshi Guan
LSU Master's Theses
Electrodeposited AuCo and Au/Co multilayers are of interest as potential materials for MEMS components. AuCo alloys have been fabricated by the electrodeposition technique, but from cyanide-containing electrolyte. In this study, we explored the electrodeposition of AuCo and Au/Co multilayer thin films, and nanowires, from a non-cyanide electrolyte. Two variables were considered: the concentration of citric acid and pH. The changes in composition were described by the differences in the partial current densities. The effect of pH and citric acid concentration on the deposit composition and current efficiency was investigated. Results showed that a lower citric acid concentration was favored for …
An In-Situ Capping Design For The Remediation Of Petroleum Contaminated Sediments, Melanie Krystle Harris
An In-Situ Capping Design For The Remediation Of Petroleum Contaminated Sediments, Melanie Krystle Harris
LSU Master's Theses
Historical disposal practices used by oil companies have caused the accumulation of contaminated sediments in their nearby lakes and ponds. These companies are now faced with the challenge of remediating the bodies of water that contain these contaminated sediments. The contaminants that remain in the sediment continue to pose a threat to human health and the environment. For example, high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are still present in the bottom sediments can have toxic effects on aquatic life. One form of remediation for this problem is In-Situ Capping (ISC), which is defined as a method whereby material …
Development And Model Formulation Of Scalable Carbon Nanotube Processes: Hipco And Comocat Process Models, Adedeji Ebenezer Agboola
Development And Model Formulation Of Scalable Carbon Nanotube Processes: Hipco And Comocat Process Models, Adedeji Ebenezer Agboola
LSU Master's Theses
Carbon nanotubes are seamless cylindrical tubes, consisting of carbon atoms arranged in a regular hexagonal structure. It is considered as the ultimate engineering material because of its unique and distinct electronic, mechanical and material characteristics. The discovery of these materials pioneered the nanotechnology revolution, which encompasses a broad and multidisciplinary spectrum, including nanomaterials, nanobiotechnology, and nanoelectronics. Hundreds of published articles of laboratory scale and pilot plant processes were reviewed that describe potential synthesis and post–synthesis purification methods for large scale production of carbon nanotubes. The main production technologies include electric arc discharge, laser vaporization, and catalytic chemical vapor deposition. These …
Simulation And Economic Evaluation Of Coal Gasification With Sets Reforming Process For Power Production, Zachary Hoffman
Simulation And Economic Evaluation Of Coal Gasification With Sets Reforming Process For Power Production, Zachary Hoffman
LSU Master's Theses
Increasing natural gas prices have raised interest in alternate energy resources. Popular belief in the connection between carbon dioxide emissions and global warming has motivated the search for a technique to isolate carbon dioxide from combustion stack gases. Coal gasification with SETS reforming has been proposed as a solution to both of these issues in that it provides an alternate energy source and 100% carbon dioxide sequestration. The purpose of this research is to simulate this process using AspenPlus to perform the rigorous material and energy balances. The results of this simulation are used to carry out a complete economic …
Controlled High Pressure Slurry Injection In Water Jetting Applications-A New Approach, Manish Kumar
Controlled High Pressure Slurry Injection In Water Jetting Applications-A New Approach, Manish Kumar
LSU Master's Theses
The ability of an abrasive assisted water jet to cut through rocks and metals has potential applications in the oilfield. However, the size of cutting nozzle has not allowed water jet to be used on commercial scale for drilling reservoir rocks down-hole. Inefficient momentum transfer to abrasive particles from pressurized water and lack of abrasive feed rate control in commercially available units has further discouraged the use of water jet in oil industry. Despite various technical difficulties, immense power of water jet cannot be neglected. Studies have shown that momentum transfer can be improved significantly, if abrasive particles are introduced …
Thermo And Kinetic Studies On The Sorption And Desorption Of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants In Sediments, Yunzhou Chai
Thermo And Kinetic Studies On The Sorption And Desorption Of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants In Sediments, Yunzhou Chai
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This study investigated the correlation of desorption resistance of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in sediment and the heterogeneity of sediment organic matter (SOM). The amorphous and condensed phase organic carbon contents were defined by the method of Gustafsson et al. (1997) using thermal oxidation of sediment under 375°C. The desorption-resistant fraction of contaminants in sediments was operationally defined as the fraction that could not be removed by the adsorbent XAD-2. The correlation of the desorption-resistant fraction with sediment organic carbon characteristics was evaluated for both laboratory-inoculated and field-contaminated sediments. No strong correlation between the desorption resistant fraction in laboratory-inoculated sediments …
Modeling Of Chemical Fate And Transport In The Environment, Andre Marquette
Modeling Of Chemical Fate And Transport In The Environment, Andre Marquette
LSU Master's Theses
The Environmental Engineering discipline remains on the forefront of discovery due to advancements in computer technology, advancements in experimental methods and an ever increasing public interest in mitigating the harmful effects of the chemical process industry. Experimental methods have a critical role in defining environmental processes and effects but are limited in their ability to predict future environmental conditions. Conceptual and mathematical models are needed in order to evaluate the effect of environmental conditions far into the future as well as to extend and apply the knowledge gained from experimentation. Models can be used to predict chemical exposure levels, design …
Physical Model Experiments Of The Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process, Amit P. Sharma
Physical Model Experiments Of The Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process, Amit P. Sharma
LSU Master's Theses
The displacement of oil by gas injection in oil reservoirs is an attractive method of improved oil recovery. Commercial gravity-stable gas injection projects have demonstrated excellent recoveries; however, their application has been limited to dipping reservoirs and pinnacle reefs. Horizontal gas floods and the water alternating gas (WAG) processes, practiced in horizontal type reservoirs, have yielded less than satisfactory recoveries of 5-10%. The Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) Process being developed at LSU extends the concept of gravity-stable gas floods to horizontal type reservoirs to improve volumetric sweep and oil recovery. This experimental study consists of a series of visual …
Relative Permeability And Wettability Implications Of Dilute Surfactants At Reservoir Conditions, Ayodeji Adebola Abe
Relative Permeability And Wettability Implications Of Dilute Surfactants At Reservoir Conditions, Ayodeji Adebola Abe
LSU Master's Theses
The improvement or increase of oil recoverable from discovered reservoirs has always been a very important issue as this helps to meet ever growing energy demand. Several methods have been put forward as means of achieving this objective. Chemical flooding, using surfactants has been considered in enhanced oil recovery processes. Surfactants are used primarily to lower oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) and thus improve production. However, surfactants possess the ability to alter rock wettability and hence increase oil production. Previous investigations were performed at ambient conditions using stocktank oil. Extrapolation of the findings from the ambient conditions testing to reservoir conditions …
Zeolite And Metal Oxide Catalysts For The Production Of Dimethyl Sulfide And Methanethiol, Craig Plaisance
Zeolite And Metal Oxide Catalysts For The Production Of Dimethyl Sulfide And Methanethiol, Craig Plaisance
LSU Master's Theses
Metal oxide and zeolite catalysts were examined to determine their suitability for the production of methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide from the condensation of methanol and hydrogen sulfide. Fixed bed reactor experiments were used to test the catalysts in these processes. The acid sites of these catalysts were characterized by investigating the thermal desorption of 1-propanamine from these sites. It was found that WO3/ZrO2, La2O3/Al2O3, g-Al2O3, and HZSM-5 catalysts were active and selective in the production of dimethyl sulfide. On these four catalysts, the reaction converting methanol to dimethyl ether and the methanethiol disproportionation reaction were fast and close to equilibrium. …
Use Of Orthogonal Arrays, Quasi-Monte Carlo Sampling And Kriging Response Models For Reservoir Simulation With Many Varying Factors, Subhash Kalla
Use Of Orthogonal Arrays, Quasi-Monte Carlo Sampling And Kriging Response Models For Reservoir Simulation With Many Varying Factors, Subhash Kalla
LSU Master's Theses
Asset development teams may adjust simulation model parameters using experimental design to reveal which factors have the greatest impact on the reservoir performance. Response surfaces and experimental design make sensitivity analysis less expensive and more accurate, helping to optimize recovery under geological and economical uncertainties. In this thesis, experimental designs including orthogonal arrays, factorial designs, Latin hypercubes and Hammersley sequences are compared and analyzed. These methods are demonstrated for a gas well with water coning problem to illustrate the efficiency of orthogonal arrays. Eleven geologic factors are varied while optimizing three engineering factors (total of fourteen factors). The objective is …
Mathematical Models For Estimating Volatile Chemical Emissions From Dredging Operations, Kenneth Alexander Fountain
Mathematical Models For Estimating Volatile Chemical Emissions From Dredging Operations, Kenneth Alexander Fountain
LSU Master's Theses
Dredging operations have been a common remediation for contaminated sediment in an effort to reduce the harmful impact on the environment. The objective of this research was to create models used for estimating chemical release to air from remediating the Indiana Harbor and Canal (IHC) as three separate dredging operations; the Dredge Site, Exposed DM CDF, and Ponded CDF. The evaporative flux estimations are based on a two-resistance mass transport path inclusive of both the molecular diffusion in porous media and interfacial airside mass transport resistances. Several chemodynamic algorithms were used in calculating key transport parameters. Laboratory tests were performed …
Electrodeposition Of Magnetic Nanowires And Nanotubes, Despina Mehedintu Davis
Electrodeposition Of Magnetic Nanowires And Nanotubes, Despina Mehedintu Davis
LSU Master's Theses
The current perpendicular to the plane giant magneto-resistance (CPP)-(GMR) effect makes multilayered nanowires of huge interest as magnetic sensor materials. GMR showing multilayer nanostructures are composed of alternating ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic nanometric layers. The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) property is described as a change in electrical resistance when an external magnetic field is introduced. Electrodeposition is the most efficient method for fabricating magnetic nanowires. In addition to the cost-effectiveness, electrodeposition is one of the few methods that can overcome the geometrical restrictions of inserting metals into very deep nanometric recesses, making it the favored method for nanowire and nanotube fabrication. In …
Analysis Of Alternative Well Control Methods For Dual Density Deepwater Drilling, Mikolaj Stanislawek
Analysis Of Alternative Well Control Methods For Dual Density Deepwater Drilling, Mikolaj Stanislawek
LSU Master's Theses
The recent push into deepwater is currently limited by high drilling costs resulting from conventional well designs. As a result, dual gradient drilling methods have been proposed. This research investigates riser gas-lift as a potential means to implement a dual gradient system. A primary concern is well control in a system containing so many different density fluids and different flow paths. The specific concerns addressed in this study were kick detection, cessation of formation feed-in, removal of kick fluids, and re-establishing hydrostatic control with a constant bottom hole pressure method. These concerns were studied using a transient, multiphase simulator whose …
Experimental Investigation Of Dynamic Interfacial Interactions At Reservoir Conditions, Wei Xu
Experimental Investigation Of Dynamic Interfacial Interactions At Reservoir Conditions, Wei Xu
LSU Master's Theses
Much of the research on wettability in the existing literature has been done using stocktank oils and at ambient conditions. The main objective of this study is therefore to examine the validity of ambient measurements in inferring in-situ reservoir wettability. For this purpose, Drop-Shape-Analysis for interfacial tension and Dual-Drop-Dual-Crystal (DDDC) contact angle measurements have been carried out using dolomite rock, Yates reservoir stocktank and live crude oils and Yates synthetic brine at Yates reservoir conditions of 82oF and 700 psi. Two types of surfactants (nonionic and anionic) in varying concentrations have been used to study the effect of surfactants on …
Enhanced Gas Recovery Using Pressure And Displacement Management, Thomas Walker
Enhanced Gas Recovery Using Pressure And Displacement Management, Thomas Walker
LSU Master's Theses
The work contained in this thesis combines two previous enhanced gas recovery techniques; coproduction of water and gas from water-drive reservoirs and waterflooding of low pressure gas reservoirs. These two techniques allow the control of reservoir pressure and sweep efficiency through planed production or injection of water. A recovery optimization method, which is applicable to any gas reservoir, was developed using the concept of pressure and displacement management (PDM). Two simulation studies were conducted, using Eclipse©, to investigate recovery optimization by coproduction and waterflooding. From the coproduction study it was determined that the water production rate needed to optimize recovery …
Modeling The Flow Of Non-Newtonian Fluids In Packed Beds At The Pore Scale, Matthew Balhoff
Modeling The Flow Of Non-Newtonian Fluids In Packed Beds At The Pore Scale, Matthew Balhoff
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Flow and transport in porous media are important in many science and engineering applications such as composite materials, subsurface water contamination, packed-bed reactors, and enhanced oil recovery. The general approach to modeling such processes is at the continuum scale. Semi-empirical expressions, such as Darcy's law, are substituted for velocity in the continuity equation, which is then coupled with a momentum, mass, and energy balance. While a continuum approach is acceptable in some cases, additional modeling is required for certain non-linear flows, such as multi-phase flows, inertial flows, non-Newtonian flows, and reactive flows. Pore-scale modeling is a first-principles approach to modeling …
Experimental Investigation Of Drilling Fluid Formulations And Processing Methods For A Riser Dilution Approach To Dual Density Drilling, John Shelton
LSU Master's Theses
Oil and natural gas resources in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico are important for the U.S. economy, but development is limited by high costs. Dual density drilling concepts that result in wellbore pressure gradients similar to the natural subsurface gradients can simplify well designs and reduce costs. Riser dilution may be an economical means of achieving such a system. This system would use a low density fluid to dilute the weighted wellbore fluid and give an intermediate density fluid in the riser. Two key concerns addressed in this study are whether a drilling fluid can be formulated that will suspend …
Fabrication Of Core-Shell Nanoparticles, Zhanhu Guo
Fabrication Of Core-Shell Nanoparticles, Zhanhu Guo
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Metallic Cu and Au shells were fabricated around cobalt nanoparticles. A new technique to coat nanoparticles with carbon coatings and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was developed. The copper shell formation is a self-limiting process. A thin copper shell (0.82 nm) around the cobalt nanoparticle (1.56 nm) enhanced the magnetic property by increasing the blocking temperature from 124 K to 235 K for nanoparticles with a copper shell. The formed gold shell (0.67 nm) enhanced the cobalt nanoparticle magnetic property by increasing the blocking temperature above room temperature. The magnetic moment in the Co-Cu and Co-Au core-shell nanoparticle is much higher than …
Stability, Transport And Applications Of Polyaphrons In Porous Media, Le Yan
Stability, Transport And Applications Of Polyaphrons In Porous Media, Le Yan
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Polyaphrons are a kind of macroemulsion. The most distinctive feature of polyaphrons is their high stability. On the other hand, certain polyaphrons can be effectively destabilized by multivalent ions. In this dissertation, we devise a novel procedure that utilizes the fact that polyaphrons can be destabilized by certain ions to deliver light chemicals to lower the density of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminants in situ. We first investigate how the stability of diluted polyaphrons is affected by the properties of the continuous phase. We find that polyaphrons can be destabilized by a low concentration of Al3+ or Ca2+ in …