Aerospace Engineering Commons^™

Mitigation Of Aeroacoustic Noise Of A Fixed Wing Using Passive Flow Control, Cameron L. Perry

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

As the world becomes more environmentally conscious, noise pollution is of increasing concern. In this study, shallow dimples are applied to a NACA 0012 airfoil at multiple angles of attack (AoA) with the intent of reducing aeroacoustic noise emissions. Both Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) models are used for aerodynamic and aeroacoustic investigations, respectively, at a fixed Reynolds number of 4.8 x 10⁵. Altering the dimple depth to diameter ratio (d/D) from 2.5% to 15% is first investigated, with a d/D of 5% or lower resulting in the least aerodynamic impact. The transition from …

Application Of Multi-Scale Computational Techniques To Complex Materials Systems, Mujan N. Seif

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

The applications of computational materials science are ever-increasing, connecting fields far beyond traditional subfields in materials science. This dissertation demonstrates the broad scope of multi-scale computational techniques by investigating multiple unrelated complex material systems, namely scandate thermionic cathodes and the metallic foam component of micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) shielding. Sc-containing "scandate" cathodes have been widely reported to exhibit superior properties compared to previous thermionic cathodes; however, knowledge of their precise operating mechanism remains elusive. Here, quantum mechanical calculations were utilized to map the phase space of stable, highly-faceted and chemically-complex W nanoparticles, accounting for both finite temperature and chemical …

Optimal Spacecraft Guidance, Matthew W. Harris, M. Benjamin Rose

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

This book is designed for a one-semester course at Utah State University titled MAE 6570 Optimal Spacecraft Guidance. The class meets for 75 minutes, twice per week, for 14 weeks. There are no prerequisites other than graduate standing in engineering. Proficiency in calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, and computer programming is required. Students find that previous experience in space dynamics, linear multivariable control, or optimal control is helpful.

The goal of the book and course is for students to develop fundamental skills needed to do professional work in the area of spacecraft guidance. After working through the book, students should …

Flight Software Development For A University-Class Microsatellite Mission, Yumeka Nagano

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this research is to present the software development process used by the Command and Data Handling (C&DH) subsystem as a part of a microsatellite mission underway at the Missouri University of Science and Technology. The mission's objective is to evaluate the performance of an innovative cold gas propulsion system for use in formation flying applications and the incorporation of a stereoscopic imaging sensor used to measure the satellite pair's relative position and velocity vectors in real time. C&DH uses a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B as the flight computer running a Linux environment, and the flight code …

Implementing Effective University - Level Small Satellite Assembly, Integration, And Testing Procedures, Tyler Patrick Hoover

Masters Theses

"As applications for satellite assets grow within government and commercial spheres, demand for aerospace engineers and related technicians has pushed universities to develop graduates with relevant knowledge in the field. As such, universities began to grow university satellite programs to give members hands-on experience and a background of working on satellite systems before entering the workforce.

The M-SAT team at Missouri University of Science and Technology, along with contributions and assistance from the Air Force Research Laboratory and NASA, are progressing their first satellite mission through assembly, integration, and testing (AIT) development. This document serves to give a background into …

Analysis Of Localization Algorithms For Wireless Sensor Networks Using Binary Data, Alexander Joseph Hart

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

The detection, localization, and tracking of environmental and physical conditions can be accomplished using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Recent advancements in sensors, processors, and wireless communications have improved the quality and acquisition speed of data in WSNs. However, the data gathered by a WSN is inherently random due to component and environmental variations. Thus, statistical signal processing algorithms are needed to analyze the random data in a robust way. Though many algorithms for the analysis of random data are established and available, they are problem-specific and must be adapted to the application. This thesis provides an analysis of established localization …

Strategies Aircraft Manufacturing Organizational Leaders Use For Proper Material Pricing, Chin Kuei Jen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The lack of proper material pricing strategies can challenge manufacturers’ profitability and growth. Aircraft manufacturing leaders are concerned because understanding and developing material pricing strategies are essential to increasing profitability. Grounded in price theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies aircraft manufacturing organizational leaders use for proper material pricing estimates. The participants were four aircraft manufacturing organizational leaders from a successful aircraft manufacturing business located in the state of Georgia. Data were gathered from semistructured interviews and document reviews and analyzed using Yin’s five step approach. The four themes that emerged were the impact …

Reinforcement Learning-Guided Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programming For Enhanced Convergence And Optimality, Chaoying Pei, Zhi Xu, Sixiong You, Jeffrey Sun, Ran Dai

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the context of Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programming (QCQP) with dynamic parameters, the effectiveness of various optimization approaches is heavily influenced by the quality of the initial guess. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel approach that leverages reinforcement learning (RL) to generate high-performing initial guesses for iterative algorithms, with the dynamic parameters serving as inputs. Our approach aims to accelerate convergence and improve the objective value, thereby enabling efficient and effective solutions to the QCQP problem under variability. In this study, we evaluate the proposed approach by applying it to an iterative algorithm, specifically the Iterative Rank …

Additively Manufactured Carbon Fiber- Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Mold Plates For Injection Molding Process, C. Bivens, A. Wood, D. Ruble, M. Rangapuram, S. K. Dasari, K. Chandrashekhara, J. Degrange

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Polymer injection molding processes have been used to create high-volume parts quickly and efficiently. Injection molding uses mold plates that are traditionally made of very hard tool steels, such as P20 steel, which is extremely heavy and has very long lead times to build new molds. In this study, composite-based additive manufacturing (CBAM) was used to create mold plates using long-fiber carbon fiber and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). These mold plates were installed in an injection molding machine, and rectangular flat plates were produced using Lustran 348 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Tensile and flexural testing was performed on these parts …

Microstructure And Residual Stress In Functionally Graded 316l Stainless Steel/Inconel 625 Alloys Fabricated By Direct Energy Deposition, Xinchang Zhang, Liang Wang, Frank W. Liou, Yang Ren, Cheng Sun

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) provide a unique solution to combine distinct properties within a single component to enhance its overall performance. Understanding the microstructure and residual stress distribution is particularly important as the material dissimilarity in FGMs can result in high residual stress that affects the mechanical integrity of structural components. This work aims to study the microstructure and residual stress of additively manufactured FGMs and the effects of isothermal annealing. In this study, 316L stainless steel/Inconel 625 FGMs were built by direct energy deposition and characterized by optical and electron microscopy as well as synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction. Our study …

Orbital Stabilization Of Underactuated Systems Using Time Period Regulation, Nilay Kant, Ranjan Mukherjee

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A new approach to orbital stabilization of under-actuated systems with one passive degree-of-freedom (DOF) is presented. Virtual holonomic constraints are enforced using partial feedback linearization; this results in a dense set of periodic orbits on a constraint manifold. Every orbit on the constraint manifold is associated with a unique time-period. A desired orbit is selected, and the impulse controlled Poincaré map (ICPM) approach is utilized to stabilize the orbit by regulating the time-period. By treating the time period as the output, it is possible to design a dead-beat controller that achieves orbital stabilization in a single time-step. The effectiveness of …

Nanobubble-Induced Aggregation Of Ultrafine Particles: A Molecular Dynamics Study, Eric Bird, Zhi Liang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Nanobubble-induced aggregation (NBIA) of fine and ultrafine particles in liquid is a promising method for enhancing floatation rates in mineral processing, cleaning contaminants from water, and reviving marine ecosystems. Although the current experimental techniques can measure the nanobubble capillary force between two surfaces with controlled approach speed, they are not capable of imaging NBIA dynamics of fine/ultrafine particles by real-time observation with nanoscale spatial resolution. In this work, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study dynamics of NBIA of Ag particles in a Lennard-Jones fluid system. The molecular-level modeling allows us to study microscopic details of NBIA dynamics that …

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties And Oxidation Behavior Of Refractory Multi-Principal Element Alloys By Laser Remelting And Conventional Manufacturing, Visharad Jalan, Seth Crawford, Sung Heng Wu, Frank W. Liou, Haiming Wen

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Refractory Multi-Principal Element Alloys (RMPEAs), HfNbTaTiZr, (HfNbTaTiZr)₉Cr, and (HfNbTaTiZr)₉Al, Were Manufactured using Vacuum Arc Melting Followed by Laser Remelting to Mimic Additive Manufacturing. the Microhardness of the As-Cast HfNbTaTiZr, (HfNbTaTiZr)₉Cr, and (HfNbTaTiZr)₉Al Samples after Arc Melting Was Measured as 6.20, 7.63, and 6.89 Gpa, respectively. after Laser Remelting and Re-Solidification, the Hardness Increased by ~ 30% for Each Composition; the Hardest Was (HfNbTaTiZr)₉Cr Measured at 9.60 GPa, While the Softest Was HfNbTaTiZr with a Hardness of 8.42 GPa, Which Was Still Harder Compared to All the Other Samples. the Addition …

Jet Noise Reduction: A Fresh Start, Christopher K. Tam, Fang Q. Hu

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Attempts to reduce jet noise began some 70 years ago. In the literature, there have been many publications written on this topic. By now, it is common knowledge that jet noise consists of a number of components. They possess different spectral and radiation characteristics and are generated by different mechanisms. It appears then that one may aim at the suppression of the noise of a single component instead of trying to reduce jet noise overall. The objective of the present project is to reduce large turbulence structures noise. It is the most dominant noise component radiating in the downstream direction. …

Nonprehensile Manipulation Of A Stick Using Impulsive Forces, Aakash Khandelwal, Nilay Kant, Ranjan Mukherjee

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The problem of nonprehensile manipulation of a stick in three-dimensional space using intermittent impulsive forces is considered. The objective is to juggle the stick between a sequence of configurations that are rotationally symmetric about the vertical axis. The dynamics of the stick is described by five generalized coordinates and three control inputs. Between two consecutive configurations where impulsive inputs are applied, the dynamics is conveniently represented by a Poincaré map in the reference frame of the juggler. Stabilization of the orbit associated with a desired juggling motion is accomplished by stabilizing a fixed point on the Poincaré map. The Impulse …

Post-Consolidation Process For Modifying Microscale And Mesoscale Parameters Of 3d Printed Composite Materials, Arief Yudhanto, Alwaleed Aldhirgham, Eric Feron, Gilles Lubineau

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Advancements in additive manufacturing technology (3D printing) have enabled us to fabricate reasonably good parts using continuous fiber-reinforced matrix composites. Unfortunately, most of these 3D-printed composite parts inherently possess a large number of voids originating from the trapped air within and between molten composite beads during the deposition stage. Removing the voids has thus become a key challenge in attempts to apply 3D printed composite parts for fabricating stiff/strong load-bearing structures. Here, we employed a classical process, viz. compression molding, to post-consolidate 3D-printed continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide (CFPA), and to investigate the implications in terms of microscale parameters (void content) …

Comparison Of The Thermal Stability In Equal-Channel-Angular-Pressed And High-Pressure-Torsion-Processed Fe–21cr–5al Alloy, Maalavan Arivu, Andrew Hoffman, Jiaqi Duan, Jonathan Poplawsky, Xinchang Zhang, Frank W. Liou, Rinat Islamgaliev, Ruslan Valiev, Haiming Wen

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Nanostructured Steels Are Expected to Have Enhanced Irradiation Tolerance and Improved Strength. However, They Suffer from Poor Microstructural Stability at Elevated Temperatures. in This Study, Fe–21Cr–5Al–0.026C (Wt%) Kanthal D (KD) Alloy Belonging to a Class of (FeCrAl) Alloys Considered for Accident-Tolerant Fuel Cladding in Light-Water Reactors is Nanostructured using Two Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques of Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) and High-Pressure Torsion (HPT), and their Thermal Stability between 500–700 °C is Studied and Compared. ECAP KD is Found to Be Thermally Stable Up to 500 °C, Whereas HPT KD is Unstable at 500 °C. Microstructural Characterization Reveals that ECAP KD …

Application Of A Variable Path Length Repetitive Process Control For Direct Energy Deposition Of Thin-Walled Structures, Elias B. Snider, Douglas A. Bristow

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Direct Energy Deposition (DED) Additive Manufacturing is Well Suited to Fabricating Large Thin-Walled Metal Structures Such as Rocket Nozzles but Suffers from Layer-To-Layer Defect Propagation. Propagating Defects May Exhibit as Slumping or a Ripple in Bead Geometry. Recent Works Have Used Repetitive Process Control (RPC) Methods for Additive Manufacturing to Stabilize the Layer-Wise Defect Propagation, But These Methods Require Repetition of the Same Path. However, Typical Thin-Wall DED Applications, Sometimes Referred to as Vase Structures, Have Changing Paths with Each Layer Such as Expanding or Contracting Diameters and Changing Profiles. This Paper Presents an Extension to Optimal RPC that Uses …

Mixed-Input Learning For Multi-Point Landing Guidance With Hazard Avoidance Part I: Offline Mission Planning Based On Multi-Stage Optimization, Chaoying Pei, Sixiong You, Ran Dai, Jeremy R. Rea

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper proposes a multi-stage optimization framework based on iterative second-order cone programming (SOCP) to solve the three-dimensional (3D) multi-point landing guidance (MLG) problem with hazard avoidance. The approach is used to generate the offline optimal trajectories for database construction in Part II of this paper, it aims to select a safe landing point while finding an optimal path to the selected landing point with minimum fuel consumption. First, by introducing binary variables associated with quadratic constraints, the MLG problem with hazard avoidance is equivalently reformulated as a quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem. Next, to solve the reformulated QCQP …

Feature-Based Learning For Optimal Abort Guidance, Vinay Kenny, Sixiong You, Godfrey Hendrix, Chaoying Pei, Roha Gul, Ran Dai, Jeremy R. Rea

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The abort mission refers to the mission where the landing vehicle needs to terminate the landing mission when an anomaly happens and be safely guided to the desired orbit. This paper focuses on solving the time-optimal abort guidance (TOAG) problem in real-time via the feature-based learning method. First, according to the optimal control theory, the features are identified to represent the optimal solutions of TOAG using a few parameters. After that, a sufficiently large dataset of time-optimal abort trajectories is generated offline by solving the TOAG problems with different initial conditions. Then the features are extracted for all generated cases. …

Performance Evaluation Of Composite Sandwich Structures With Additively Manufactured Aluminum Honeycomb Cores With Increased Bonding Surface Area, M. Rangapuram, S. K. Dasari, Joseph William Newkirk, K. Chandrashekhara, H. Misak, P. R. Toivonen, D. Klenosky, T. Unruh, J. Sam

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Modern aerostructures, including wings and fuselages, increasingly feature sandwich structures due to their high-energy absorption, low weight, and high flexural stiffness. The face sheet of these sandwich structures are typically thin composite laminates with interior honeycombs made of Nomex or aluminum. Standard cores are structurally efficient, but their design cannot be varied throughout the structure. With additive manufacturing (AM) technology, these core geometries can be altered to meet the design requirements that are not met in standard honeycomb cores. This study used a modified aluminum honeycomb core, with increased surface area on the top and bottom, as the core material …

Metal-Ceramic Composite Powders, Lianyi Chen, Minglei Qu

Patents

A process for manufacturing metal-ceramic composite material powder comprising ball milling metal powder and ceramic nanoparticles to yield a metal-ceramic composite powder comprising ceramic nanoparticles embedded in a metal matrix powder particles; wherein the ball milling is performed using a ceramic milling media and a milling vessel having a ceramic interior surface. Metal matrix nanocomposite powders comprising ceramic nanoparticles imbedded in metal matrix powder particles; wherein the metal matrix powder particles have a spherical shape; wherein there is uniform distribution the ceramic nanoparticles; wherein the nanocomposite powders have good flowability.

Experimental Study For Improving The Productivity Of Laser Foil Printing, Tunay Turk, Ming-Chuan Leu

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Study Aims to Improve the Productivity of Laser Foil Printing (LFP), Which is a Foil-Based Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) Process. LFP Uses a Dual-Laser System to Fabricate a 3-Dimensional Part in a Layered Fashion by Performing Four Steps in Each Layer: Spot Welding, Pattern Welding, Contour Cutting, and Edge Polishing, All of Which Performed by Use of Lasers. We Experimentally Examined the Welding and Polishing Steps in This Study to Enhance LFP Productivity. the Jump Speed, Dwelling Duration, and Weld Path of Spot Welding and the Line Welding Speed and Wait Time between Weld Lines of Pattern Welding Are …

Experimental Approach For Development Of A Powder Spreading Metric In Additive Manufacturing, M. Hossein Sehhat, Austin T. Sutton, Zane Yates, Ming-Chuan Leu

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Powder Spreading is a Vital Step of Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing (AM) Processes. the Quality of Spread Powder Can Considerably Influence the Properties of Fabricated Parts. Poorly Packed Powder Beds with High Surface Roughness Result in Printed Part Layers with Large Porosity and Low Dimensional Accuracy, Leading to Poor Mechanical Properties. Therefore, the Powder Spread ability and its Dependence on Process Parameters and Powder Characteristics Should Be Quantified to Improve the Efficiency of Powder-Based AM Methods. This Study Proposes a Novel Dimensionless Powder Spread Ability Metric that Can Be Commonly Used in Different Powder-Based AM Processes. the Quality of Spread …

Charging Of Irregularly-Shaped Dust Grains Near Surfaces In Space, David Lund, Xiaoming He, Daoru Han

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents fully kinetic numerical investigation of the charging of dust grains in low temperature collision less plasmas (stationary) and collision less, cold-ion thermal-electron drifting plasmas. the Parallel Immersed-Finite-Element Particle-in-Cell (PIFE-PIC) code is utilized to self-consistently resolve the plasma environment and charging of immersed materials. This model explicitly includes the materials property (dielectric constant) of dust grains. Effects of materials property, inter-dust distance, and plasma conditions (stationery and drifting) will be investigated for both single-dust and multi-dust configurations.

Optimization Of Ported Cfd Kernels On Intel Data Center Gpu Max 1550 Using Oneapi Esimd, Mohammad Zubair, Aaron Walden, Gabriel Nastac, Eric Nielsen, Christoph Bauinger, Xiao Zhu

Computer Science Faculty Publications

We describe our experience porting FUN3D’s CUDA-optimized kernels to Intel oneAPI SYCL.We faced several challenges, including foremost the suboptimal performance of the oneAPI code on Intel’s new data center GPU. Suboptimal performance of the oneAPI code was due primarily to high register spills, memory latency, and poor vectorization. We addressed these issues by implementing the kernels using Intel oneAPI’s Explicit SIMD SYCL extension (ESIMD) API. The ESIMD API enables the writing of explicitly vectorized kernel code, gives more precise control over register usage and prefetching, and better handles thread divergence compared to SYCL. The ESIMD code outperforms the optimized SYCL …

Microstrip Antenna Design Using Cst Optimized By Neural Network Algorithm, Hadeer. A Shoeab, Mohamed A.Mohamed, Marzouk El Said A, Ahmed. A. Kabeel

Mansoura Engineering Journal

In this paper, a general design procedure is suggested for the microstrip antennas using artificial neural networks and this is demonstrated using the rectangular patch geometry. The model was analyzed for 1733 data sets of input output parameters. 1300 samples for training and 433 samples for testing and 1500 epoch, learning rate from (0.003 to 0.005). Python was used to create and implement the ANN algorithm model. The mean error in detection of resonance frequencies (return loss peaks) was 0.144GHz on train set, and 0.116GHz on test set. The outputs of the radial basis function are optimized by varying the …

Computational And Experimental Investigation Of Mass Reduced Aircraft Wing Ribs, Charles R. Fricks Iii

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This study seeks to develop and evaluate a novel design of mass reduced aircraft wing ribs through the topology optimization method. For comparison, the same examination is performed on ribs with normal internal geometry. The wing rib design is based on that of the Gulfstream G650 transonic jet. The rib was divided into three segments for analysis based around the positions of the two spars. Only the center section of the rib (that being between the forward and aft spars) is mass optimized, while the leading and trailing edges of the ribs (outside the spars) will be kept solid for …

Investigations Of A Surrogate Fuel Based On Fischer-Tropsch Gtl And Ctl In Cvcc, Idi And Di Compression Ignition Engines, Amanda C. Weaver

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

With the increase in availability, feedstocks, and properties of alternative fuels, compatibility issues emerge between current engine platforms often requiring a limit on the blend percentage of alternative fuel in conventional fuel or alteration to the engine platform. Two key metrics were identified, autoignition quality and lubrication characteristics, as vital for the proper function of a compression ignition engine, and if the blend of alternative fuels matches these two criteria for the diesel standard, then the resulting blend percentage can be considered as a viable alternative for complete replacement of conventional petroleum ULSD. Autoignition quality was matched using blends S-8, …

Design And Validation Of An Aerodynamic System For A Formula Sae® Vehicle Using Vehicle Dynamic Simulation And Experimentation, Evan S. Cole

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation for the aerodynamic system for a Formula SAE® vehicle. The Society of Automotive Engineers ® (SAE) hosts a collegiate competition annually called Formula SAE® where students design, fabricate, and test a small “formula style” vehicle. The vehicle performs in relatively slow maneuvers, around different courses and tests to evaluate the vehicle’s overall performance. Over the years, collegiate teams have put significant research into the design and manufacturing of the aerodynamics of these vehicles. In order to justify this undertaking for future teams at West Virginia University’s Formula SAE® program, a comprehensive …