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Articles 1021 - 1050 of 1780
Full-Text Articles in Aerospace Engineering
Velocity Estimate Following Air Data System Failure, Scott A. Mclaren
Velocity Estimate Following Air Data System Failure, Scott A. Mclaren
Theses and Dissertations
Modern high performance aircraft can provide amazing performance due in part to their advanced flight control systems that require gain scheduling to provide optimum performance over a huge flight envelope. In modern fighter aircraft, this gain scheduling is a function of airspeed, and almost all of the research involving aircraft gain scheduling assumes aircraft airspeed to be a known quantity. The purpose of this research was to investigate a method of determining an aircraft’s airspeed in the event of total air data system failure. The process began by combining known aircraft information following an air data system failure to determine …
Handling Qualities Evaluation Of A Supersonic Tailless Air Vehicle, Steven W. Speares
Handling Qualities Evaluation Of A Supersonic Tailless Air Vehicle, Steven W. Speares
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents the results of a handling qualities evaluation of a supersonic tailless air vehicle. The 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review mandated the need for the next generation of long-range strike aircraft by 2018. Due to speed and stealth requirements, this resulted in a tailless aircraft with an instantaneous center of rotation located well forward of that of a conventional aircraft. This thesis examines how this center of rotation affected pilot handling qualities ratings. This effect should have been the most pronounced during approach and landing, and was where the testing focused. The goal of this research was to develop …
Design Of An Oxygen Turbopump For A Dual Expander Cycle Rocket Engine, William S. Strain
Design Of An Oxygen Turbopump For A Dual Expander Cycle Rocket Engine, William S. Strain
Theses and Dissertations
The design of a pump intended for use with a dual expander cycle (LOX/H2) engine is presented. This arrangement offers a number of advantages over hydrogen expander cycles; among these are the elimination of gearboxes and inter-propellant purges and seals, an extended throttling range, and higher engine operating pressures and performance. The target engine has been designed to meet the needs of Phase III of the Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology (IHPRPT) program; thus, this pump must meet the program’s reliability, maintainability, and service life goals. In addition, this pump will be driven by warm gaseous oxygen. …
Real-Time Navigation And Flight Path Generation For Tracking Stop-And-Go Targets With Miniature Air Vehicles, Nate A. Terning
Real-Time Navigation And Flight Path Generation For Tracking Stop-And-Go Targets With Miniature Air Vehicles, Nate A. Terning
Theses and Dissertations
This research effort focuses on using a heuristic approach to determine the optimal flight path required to put an Unmanned Aircraft System’s (UAS) sensor on a moving target in the presence of a constant wind field. This thesis builds on past work using dynamic optimization techniques to calculate minimum time to target. The computationally intensive dynamic optimization routines in their current form take a prohibitive amount of time to calculate and ultimately result in erroneous flight path predictions due to inherent execution time latencies. Therefore an iterative, suboptimal heuristic approach was explored to mitigate excessive calculation times and ultimately yield …
Space Based Satellite Tracking And Characterization Utilizing Non-Imaging Passive Sensors, Bradley R. Townsend
Space Based Satellite Tracking And Characterization Utilizing Non-Imaging Passive Sensors, Bradley R. Townsend
Theses and Dissertations
A technique is developed to determine the orbit of a sunlight illuminated satellite passing through the field-of-view of a sensor platform in a Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO) and Geosynchronous orbit (GEO). The technique develops two different methods of initial orbit determination. The first relies on the Gauss initial orbit determination method to develop an estimate of the state from angular data. The second method relies on positional data of the target relative to the Earth’s background to determine an estimate of the state. These estimates are then refined in a non-linear least squares routine. This estimate of the state is …
Development And Flight Of A Robust Optical-Inertial Navigation System Using Low-Cost Sensors, Michael B. Nielsen
Development And Flight Of A Robust Optical-Inertial Navigation System Using Low-Cost Sensors, Michael B. Nielsen
Theses and Dissertations
This research develops and tests a precision navigation algorithm fusing optical and inertial measurements of unknown objects at unknown locations. It provides an alternative to the Global Positioning System (GPS) as a precision navigation source, enabling passive and low-cost navigation in situations where GPS is denied/unavailable. This paper describes two new contributions. First, a rigorous study of the fundamental nature of optical/inertial navigation is accomplished by examining the observability grammian of the underlying measurement equations. This analysis yields a set of design principles guiding the development of optical/inertial navigation algorithms. The second contribution of this research is the development and …
Final Assembly, Testing And Processing Of The Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment (Rigex) For Spaceflight Qualification, Jeremy J. Owens
Final Assembly, Testing And Processing Of The Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment (Rigex) For Spaceflight Qualification, Jeremy J. Owens
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research is to complete the building, testing, verification, and qualification of the Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment (RIGEX) for spaceflight. The process of qualifying a payload for spaceflight is discussed, specifically addressing the issues of operability and survivability verification of a general payload. The spaceflight qualification process is then applied to the RIGEX payload at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) and at the Johnson Spaceflight Center (JSC) in Houston, TX, capstoning the work of 12 masters students and 3 summer interns that has already gone into the RIGEX project over the last 7 years. The …
Optimal Control Strategies For Constrained Relative Orbits, David J. Irvin Jr.
Optimal Control Strategies For Constrained Relative Orbits, David J. Irvin Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
The US Air Force's ability to protect space assets is enhanced by a proficiency in satellite proximity operations and Space Situational Awareness (SSA). In pursuit of that proficiency, this research develops a key capability of interest to mission planners; the ability of a deputy satellite to "hover" within a defined volume fixed in the vicinity of a chief satellite for an extended period of time. This research finds optimal trajectories, produced with discrete-thrusts, that minimize fuel spent per unit time and stay within the user-defined volume, thus providing a practical hover capability in the vicinity of the chief. The work …
Raman Scattering Study Of Supercritical Bi-Component Mixtures Injected Into A Subcritical Environment, Young Man An
Raman Scattering Study Of Supercritical Bi-Component Mixtures Injected Into A Subcritical Environment, Young Man An
Theses and Dissertations
This research studies the species distribution profiles of methane/ethylene bi-components at downstream locations filled with subcritical nitrogen in a closed chamber. Unique thermodynamic and transport properties of supercritical fluids along with phase transition phenomena during fuel injection process can significantly change combustion characteristics inside a scramjet combustor. Plume properties of supercritical jets are of great interests to the studies of fuel/air mixing and subsequent combustion. The primary goal of this research is to help to clarify whether there is any preferential condensation within the condensed jets. The Raman Scattering technique is used to quantify spatial distribution of injected methane and …
Common Aero Vehicle Autonomous Reentry Trajectory Optimization Satisfying Waypoint And No-Fly Zone Constraints, Timothy R. Jorris
Common Aero Vehicle Autonomous Reentry Trajectory Optimization Satisfying Waypoint And No-Fly Zone Constraints, Timothy R. Jorris
Theses and Dissertations
To support the Global Strike mission, an autonomous trajectory optimization technique is presented to minimize the flight time, satisfy terminal and intermediate constraints, and remain within the specified vehicle heating and control limitations. "Waypoints" are specified for reconnaissance or multiple payload deployments and "no-fly zones" are specified for geopolitical restrictions or threat avoidance. The Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle (HCV) is used as a simplified two-dimensional platform to compare multiple solution techniques. The solution techniques include a unique geometric approach, an analytical dynamic optimization technique, and a numerical approach. This numerical technique is a direct solution method involving pseudospectral methods and nonlinear …
Comparative Study Of Aerodynamic Interference During Aft Dispense Of Munitions, Matthew G. Burkinshaw
Comparative Study Of Aerodynamic Interference During Aft Dispense Of Munitions, Matthew G. Burkinshaw
Theses and Dissertations
Based on forthcoming USAF needs, an investigation was launched to further the understanding of aft dispense of munitions in a high-speed environment. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was performed followed by a wind tunnel experiment. The study consisted of a strut-mounted cone simulating a parent vehicle and a sting mounted cone-cylinder store situated directly behind the cone. The CFD modeled the test objects inside a supersonic wind tunnel in which the experiments took place. The CFD study consisted of evaluating a new strut designed to reduce asymmetry in the airflow aft of the cone. The CFD study also included …
Finite Element Analysis Of Lamb Waves Acting Within A Thin Aluminum Plate, Sejin Han
Finite Element Analysis Of Lamb Waves Acting Within A Thin Aluminum Plate, Sejin Han
Theses and Dissertations
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an emerging technology that can be used to identify, locate and quantify structural damages before failure. Among SHM techniques, Lamb waves have become widely used since they can cover large areas from one single location. Due to the development of various structural simulation programs, there is increasing interest in whether SHM data obtained from the simulation can be verified by experimentation. The objective of this thesis is to determine Lamb wave responses using SHM models in ABAQUS CAE(a Finite Element Analysis(FEA) program). These results are then compared to experimental results and theoretical predictions under isothermal …
Validation Of The Afit Small Scale Combustion Facility And Oh Laser-Induced Fluorescence Of An Atmospheric Laminar Premiext Ed Flame, Stephen J. Koether
Validation Of The Afit Small Scale Combustion Facility And Oh Laser-Induced Fluorescence Of An Atmospheric Laminar Premiext Ed Flame, Stephen J. Koether
Theses and Dissertations
Construction in the AFIT combustion facility is complete and the objective of this report is to explain the steps taken to make the laboratory operational. The infinite radius Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) sectional model has been delivered and is fully installed with all fuel, air and instrument lines. Every major system in the lab has been tested and is functioning properly. Laboratory operating procedure has been established to ensure both safety and continuity in experimental results. Finally, the lab has been certified through official safety channels and combustion experiments are underway. The unique capability of the AFIT combustion laboratory is the …
Cyclic Creep And Recovery Behavior Of Nextel™ 720/Alumina Ceramic Matrix Composite At 1200° C In Air And Steam Environments, Bridgett A. Whiting
Cyclic Creep And Recovery Behavior Of Nextel™ 720/Alumina Ceramic Matrix Composite At 1200° C In Air And Steam Environments, Bridgett A. Whiting
Theses and Dissertations
The cyclic creep and recovery behaviors of the N720/Al2O3 composite were investigated in this research. The ceramic matrix composite (CMC) contains a porous alumina matrix with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (NextelTM 720) fibers. The composite does not have an interface between the fiber and matrix. The CMC relies on the porous nature for flaw tolerance. The objective of this study the influences of monotonic creep and cyclic creep loading histories on the creep lifetime, creep strain rate, accumulated creep strain as well as on the recovery of creep strain at near zero stress. The cyclic creep and …
Flight Dynamic Response Of Hale Aircraft To Kc-135 Flowfield, Amanda J. Devuono
Flight Dynamic Response Of Hale Aircraft To Kc-135 Flowfield, Amanda J. Devuono
Theses and Dissertations
This research effort examines the static effects of a KC-135 flowfield on a flexible winged Sensorcraft model. The KC-135 flowfield data is generated by a vortex lattice code and integrated into Sensorcraft model for analysis. Building on previous research, a refueling situation was modeled to note the effects of the Sensorcraft at varying locations within the flowfield. The Sensorcraft model was analyzed for both rigid and flexible wings as a means of comparision. Flowfield locations of interest were determined and trimmed conditions were computed for each flowfield location. Utilizing the trimmed condition and flowfield locations, the nonlinear set of EOM's …
Radar Orbit Analsis Tool Using Least Squares Estimator, Sandra M. Rashash
Radar Orbit Analsis Tool Using Least Squares Estimator, Sandra M. Rashash
Theses and Dissertations
Most objects tracked in space follow a regular Keplerian orbit; unfortunately, non-Keplerian objects such as maneuvering satellites, tethered systems, and thrusting ballistic missiles are becoming more common. It is important to be able to distinguish between Keplerian and non-Keplerian objects due to the potential risk of a tethered satellite being mistaken for an object on re-entry. This research focused on creating a computer model that can detect the non-gravitational acceleration present in non-Keplerian orbits. A 3rd order Taylor series expansion was used to model the dynamics and to produce simulated radar data. Linear least squares estimation was used to estimate …
Navigation Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed Signals Of Opportunity, Jamie S. Velotta
Navigation Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed Signals Of Opportunity, Jamie S. Velotta
Theses and Dissertations
The global positioning system (GPS) provides high-accuracy position measurements anywhere in the world. However, a limitation of this system is that a line of sight to multiple satellites is required; therefore, it is unsuitable to use indoors or in urban canyons. Also, in the presence of radio-frequency interference or jamming, GPS may be unavailable. Alternative methods of navigation and positioning are need to either compliment GPS as a backup or for use in areas unreachable by satellites. This research analyzes a feature-based correlation approach for determining reception differences between two Orthogonal Frequency Division receivers for the purpose of TDOA calculations. …
Rotorcraft Smoothing Via Linear Time Periodic Methods, Christopher S. Schulz
Rotorcraft Smoothing Via Linear Time Periodic Methods, Christopher S. Schulz
Theses and Dissertations
This research presents the development of an on line linear time periodic rotor vibration controller. The Cramer-Rao bound is developed for a linear time periodic system in order to identify the quality of identified system parameters, which are used in system models for controller development. The methods developed in this work allow model parameters can be verified for accuracy and likewise adjusted to improve controller accuracy.
Performing Particle Image Velocimetry In A Supersonic Wind Tunnel Using Carbon Dioxide As The Seed Material, Donald W. Peltier Iii
Performing Particle Image Velocimetry In A Supersonic Wind Tunnel Using Carbon Dioxide As The Seed Material, Donald W. Peltier Iii
Theses and Dissertations
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was performed utilizing clean seed particles generated by injecting liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) directly into an open-circuit blowdown Mach 2.9 supersonic wind tunnel. Rapid atomization and cooling of the liquid CO2 created a preponderance of nearly uniform and well dispersed microscopic dry ice particles which were illuminated using a frequency double Nd:YAG laser. Ample light was scattered from the flow tracers, which provided a strong signal to noise ratio. The particles completely sublimed into an innocuous gas downstream of the test section causing no side effects or problems with wind tunnel operation. A …
Structural Optimization Of A Distributed Actuation System In A Flexible In-Plane Morphing Wing, James T. Westfall
Structural Optimization Of A Distributed Actuation System In A Flexible In-Plane Morphing Wing, James T. Westfall
Theses and Dissertations
Structural weight and efficiency are hurdles for morphing aircraft being realizable on the full-scale level. The optimal distribution and orientation of actuators throughout an in-plane flexible morphing wing structure is investigated. The drive to minimize structural weight causes a wing to be more flexible and the location and orientation of the actuators become more critical as the structure becomes more flexible. NextGen's N-MAS morphing wing is used as a case study. The wing is modeled as a number of unit cells assembled in a scissor-like structure, each comprised of four linkages pinned together and an actuator. The flexible skin of …
Cfd Analysis Of A T-38 Wing Fence, Daniel A. Solfelt
Cfd Analysis Of A T-38 Wing Fence, Daniel A. Solfelt
Theses and Dissertations
A computational study of the effects of a wing fence on the T-38 Talon was performed. RANS simulations were conducted using the CFD solver AVUS to examine the flow around the T-38 and the fence at a Reynolds number of 10 million. The T-38 was modeled as a half aircraft with a symmetry plane down the center line and did not include the empennage. The engine inlet and exhaust were modeled as sink and source boundary conditions using mass flow and pressure specifications. Two fence geometries placed 26" from the wing tip were tested. The first fence, called a simple …
A Systems Engineering Approach To Analyzing Weather Input Sensitivities Of The Joint Precision Air Drop System, David L. Gemas
A Systems Engineering Approach To Analyzing Weather Input Sensitivities Of The Joint Precision Air Drop System, David L. Gemas
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force is partnering with the United States Army as well as allied nations to develop a revolutionary advance in logistical support known as the Joint Precision Air Drop System (JPADS). The focus of this study is to develop a process to quantitatively analyze system sensitivities to various types of weather inputs and the corresponding effect on system accuracy. Weather balloons were used to provide representative "truth" to which forecast weather could be compared. Each data type was fed into the JPADS Mission Planner to produce navigation points which could then be compared statistically. The process was …
Real-Time Gps-Alternative Navigation Using Commodity Hardware, Jordon L. Fletcher
Real-Time Gps-Alternative Navigation Using Commodity Hardware, Jordon L. Fletcher
Theses and Dissertations
Modern navigation systems can use the Global Positioning System (GPS) to accurately determine position with precision in some cases bordering on millimeters. Unfortunately, GPS technology is susceptible to jamming, interception, and unavailability indoors or underground. There are several navigation techniques that can be used to navigate during times of GPS unavailability, but there are very few that result in GPS-level precision. One method of achieving high precision navigation without GPS is to fuse data obtained from multiple sensors. This thesis explores the fusion of imaging and inertial sensors and implements them in a real-time system that mimics human navigation. In …
Structural Stability Of A Joined-Wing Sensorcraft, Brandon J. Adams
Structural Stability Of A Joined-Wing Sensorcraft, Brandon J. Adams
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis employed a multi-disciplinary design approach to determine the structural stability of the Boeing Joined-Wing SensorCraft. Specifically, this thesis sought to characterize the free vibration modes, ensure a buckling safe design and determine the influence of the geometric and aeroelastic nonlinearities associated with this joined-wing design. The clamped free vibration modes were developed for a wind tunnel model and were compared to the free-free vibration modes, several differences were found. Linear static analyses were performed on numerous maneuver loads and gust conditions to determine the critical loading condition. The SensorCraft was then redesigned for the critical load case to …
Effects Of Prior Aging On The Creep Response Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Pmr-15 Neat Resin At 288°C In An Air Environment, Christopher A. Back
Effects Of Prior Aging On The Creep Response Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Pmr-15 Neat Resin At 288°C In An Air Environment, Christopher A. Back
Theses and Dissertations
The mechanical response of carbon fiber reinforced PMR-15 neat resin with a ± 45 fiber orientation was investigated at 288 °C. Mechanical testing was performed on unaged specimens and specimens that were aged up to 1000 hours in an air environment. Tensile tests were performed to determine Young's modulus of elasticity and Ultimate Tensile Strength. Creep tests were performed at creep stress levels of 30 and 60 MPa. Creep periods of at least 25 h in duration were followed by recovery at zero stress. Duration of the recovery period was at least twice the time of the creep period. Oxidation …
Development Of Cursor-On-Target Control For Semi-Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Joshua D. Crouse
Development Of Cursor-On-Target Control For Semi-Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Joshua D. Crouse
Theses and Dissertations
The research presented in this thesis focuses on developing, demonstrating, and evaluating the concept of a Cursor-on-Target control system for semi-autonomous unmanned aircraft systems. The Department of Defense has mapped out a strategy in which unmanned aircraft systems will increasingly replace piloted aircraft. During most phases of flight autonomous unmanned aircraft control reduces operator workload, however, real-time information exchange often requires an operator to relay decision changes to the unmanned aircraft. The goal of this research is to develop a preliminary Cursor-on-Target control system to enable the operator to guide the unmanned aircraft with minimal workload during high task phases …
Automated Carrier Landing Of An Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle Using Dynamic Inversion, Nicholas A. Denison
Automated Carrier Landing Of An Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle Using Dynamic Inversion, Nicholas A. Denison
Theses and Dissertations
Dynamic Inversion (DI) is a powerful nonlinear control technique which has been applied to several modern flight control systems. This research utilized concepts of DI in order to develop a controller to land an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) on an aircraft carrier. The Joint Unmanned Combat Air System (J-UCAS) Equivalent Model was used as the test aircraft. An inner-loop DI controller was developed to control the pitch, roll, and yaw rate dynamics of the aircraft, while an outer-loop DI controller was developed to provide flight path commands to the inner-loop. The controller design and simulation were conducted in the …
Cfd Investigation Of Effect Of Depth To Diameter Ratio On Dimple Flow // Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation Of Effect Of Depth To Diameter Ratio On Dimple Flow Dynamics, Robert B. Etter
Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to further the understanding of laminar flow through a dimple with the goal of mitigating flow separation. Dimples of various depth to diameter ratios (0.05, 0.15) were examined for three different dimple diameters and chordwise locations, corresponding to diameter based (ReD) and chordwise location based (Rex) Reynolds number combinations of ReD 20500\Rex 5000, ReD 20500 Rex 77000, and ReD 9000 Rex 21000. For the last combination, a dimple of depth to diameter ratio of 0.25 was also examined. The dimples were placed in a flat plate located in a diverging channel causing an adverse pressure gradient encouraging …
Catalytic Partial Oxidation Reforming Of Jp8 And S8, Thomas G. Howell
Catalytic Partial Oxidation Reforming Of Jp8 And S8, Thomas G. Howell
Theses and Dissertations
Catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reforming experiments were performed using a 10 kW Aspen Products Group, Inc. fuel processing prototype utilizing military logistic fuels JP8 and S8. S8 is a sulfur-free Fisher-Tropsch fuel, while JP8 is a multi-fuel blend, which could impact reforming efficiency, product distribution and byproduct production. Sulfur contained within the JP8 will adversely affect the product distribution; therefore, desulfurization beds, capable of removing up to 1000 ppm sulfur, were incorporated into the system. The catalyst used in the prototype is noble metal dispersed on cordierite monolith. The goal of this experiment was to evaluate the efficiency and product …
Effect Of Prior Aging On Fatigue Behavior Of Im7/Bmi 5250-4 Composite At 191°C, Christine G. Ladrido
Effect Of Prior Aging On Fatigue Behavior Of Im7/Bmi 5250-4 Composite At 191°C, Christine G. Ladrido
Theses and Dissertations
IM7/BMI 5250-4 with carbon fiber orientations [± 45] and [0/90] were aged in air at 191 °C for up to 1000 hours. The weight loss was analyzed during the aging process. Tension to failure tests were performed on both the unaged and aged specimens to establish a baseline for the Ultimate Tensile Strengths and Young's Modulus. Tension-tension cyclic load fatigue testing was conducted on the specimen to determine the effect of prior aging on the fatigue response of the composite. Cyclic strain accumulation was not influenced by prior aging, but it was influenced by the stress levels applied. [± 45] …