Engineering Commons^™

Research On Digital Twin Credibility Assessment Process And Index, Fan Yang, Ping Ma, Wei Li, Ming Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the application field expansion of digital twin technology, in order to meet the requirement of digital twin credibility and promote the digital twin credibility assessment, the credibility assessment process and indicators of digital twin are researched. The development process of digital twin is analyzed and the construction method of flexible multi-layer digital twin credibility assessment process model based on IDEF0 is proposed. Two index systems, process-stage-activity layers(P-S-A) and activity-element-feature layers(A-E-F),are proposed to solve the problems of defect backtracking and evaluation of complex objects. Several examples of index system are given.

Research On Real-Time Gesture Classification Algorithm Based On Imu And Semg Mixed Signals, Tao Wang, Yingnian Wu, Rui Yang, Yueying Sun

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to improve the gesture classification accuracy of surface electromyography (sEMG), the mixed signal of attitude and sEMG is collected by inertial measurement unit (IMU) and EMG sensor, and a GRU-BiLSTM double-layer network real-time gesture classification algorithm is proposed. The first layer of gated recurrent unit (GRU) detects the mutation point of the initial mixed signal though energy combination operator feature and locates the starting point of the dynamic data. The second layer Bi-directional long short term memory (BiLSTM) classifies the motion state mixed signal into 10 gestures in two directions though energy kernel phase map feature. …

Computation Offloading Strategy Based On Stackelberg Game And Drl, Xianwei Zhou, Qixu Gong, Songsen Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To achieve the optimal computation offloading strategy for two kinds of MEC users in 5G hybrid private network, Stackelberg game is used to build the model of the competition for MEC server resources of two kinds of users, andthe strategies of complete information game and partially incomplete information game are researched respectively. It is proved that there is only one Nash equilibrium solution in the complete information scenario. In the incomplete information scenario, the environment is modeled as POMDP, and a two-stage deep reinforcement learning(TSDRL) is proposed to obtain the optimal computation offloading strategy. Simulation results show the proposed …

How Noise Thresholds Affect The Information Content Of Stellar Flare Sequences, Elmer C. Rivera, Jay R. Johnson, Jonathan Homan, Simon Wing

Faculty Publications

Systems that exhibit discrete dynamics can be well described and reconstructed by considering the set of time intervals between the discrete events of the system. The Kepler satellite has cataloged light curves for many Sun-like stars, and these light curves show strong bursts in intensity that are associated with stellar flares. The waiting time between these flares describes the fundamental dynamics of the stars and is driven by physical processes, such as flux emergence. While it is rather straightforward to identify large flares, the identification of weaker flares can be challenging because of the presence of noise. A common practice …

Towards A Responsive Resilient Supply Chain Based On Industry 5.0: A Case Study In Healthcare Systems, Abduallah Gamal, Amal F. Abd El-Gawad, Mohamed Abouhawwash

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Executives and academics have presented the idea of Industry 5.0, which is an attempt to build upon the previous iteration, Industry 4.0, by including many important tenets such as human-centricity, resilience, and sustainability. Because of the significance of this idea, the current study provides a decision-making framework to examine a responsive supply chain dubbed responsive supply chain 5.0 for healthcare systems. This framework takes into consideration the aspects of Industry 5.0. In order to do this, at the onset, the most important connected factors and strategies are determined by consulting the relevant experts and body of published research. This problem …

A Highly Efficient Broadband Multi-Functional Metaplate, Azhar Javed Satti, Muhammad Ashar Naveed, Isma Javed, Nasir Mahmood, Muhammad Zubair, Muhammad Qasim Mehmood, Yehia Massoud

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Due to the considerable potential of ultra-compact and highly integrated meta-optics, multi-functional metasurfaces have attracted great attention. The mergence of nanoimprinting and holography is one of the fascinating study areas for image display and information masking in meta-devices. However, existing methods rely on layering and enclosing, where many resonators combine various functions effectively at the expense of efficiency, design complication, and complex fabrication. To overcome these limitations, a novel technique for a tri-operational metasurface has been suggested by merging PB phase-based helicity-multiplexing and Malus's law of intensity modulation. To the best of our knowledge, this technique resolves the extreme-mapping issue …

Simulation Of Natural Tornado Genesis And Evolution From An Initial Instability Profile, Kakkattukuzhy M. Issac

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A likely mechanism for the little-understood tornado genesis is proposed and its numerical implementation is presented. The Burgers-Rott vortex with its axis in the vertical direction is introduced as an instability mechanism, and the flow field then evolves under the influence of the atmospheric pressure, temperature and density variations with altitude. Buoyancy effects are implemented using the Boussinesq model. Results are presented and discussed for a set of conditions including mesh type and size, different turbulence models, and a few different boundary conditions. Post-processed results of the transient simulations including animations contain a wealth of information to help analyze tornado …

Advancing Ionomer Design To Boost Interfacial And Thin-Film Proton Conductivity Via Styrene-Calix[4]Arene-Based Ionomers, Shyambo Chatterjee, Oghenetega Allen Obewhere, Ehsan Zamani, Rajesh Keloth, Seefat Farzin, Martha D. Morton, Anandakumar Sarella, Shudipto Konika Dishari

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

Sub-micrometer-thick ion-conducting polymer (ionomer) layers often suffer from poor ionic conductivity at the substrate/catalyst interface. The weak proton conductivity makes the electrochemical reaction at the cathode of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells sluggish. To address this, here we report on a class of polystyrene-based ionomers having sub-nanometer-sized, sulfonated macrocyclic calix[4]arene-based pendants (PS-calix). In films with thickness comparable to that of ionomer-based binder layers, the conductivity of PS-calix film (∼41 mS/cm) is ∼13 times higher than that of the current state-of-the-art ionomer, Nafion. We observe a similar improvement in proton conductivity when PS-calix interfaces with Pt nanoparticles, demonstrating the potential of PS-calix in …

Towards A Responsive Resilient Supply Chain Based On Industry 5.0: A Case Study In Healthcare Systems, Abduallah Gamal, Amal F. Abd El-Gawad, Mohamed Abouhawwash

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Executives and academics have presented the idea of Industry 5.0, which is an attempt to build upon the previous iteration, Industry 4.0, by including many important tenets such as human-centricity, resilience, and sustainability. Because of the significance of this idea, the current study provides a decision-making framework to examine a responsive supply chain dubbed responsive supply chain 5.0 for healthcare systems. This framework takes into consideration the aspects of Industry 5.0. In order to do this, at the onset, the most important connected factors and strategies are determined by consulting the relevant experts and body of published research. This problem …

Opal Actigraphy (Activity And Sleep) Measures Compared To Actigraph: A Validation Study, Vrutangkumar Shah, Barbara H. Brumbach, Sean Pearson, Paul Vasilyev, James Mcnames, Multiple Additional Authors

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Physical activity and sleep monitoring in daily life provide vital information to track health status and physical fitness. The aim of this study was to establish concurrent validity for the new Opal Actigraphy solution in relation to the widely used ActiGraph GT9X for measuring physical activity from accelerometry epic counts (sedentary to vigorous levels) and sleep periods in daily life. Twenty participants (age 56 + 22 years) wore two wearable devices on each wrist for 7 days and nights, recording 3-D accelerations at 30 Hz. Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) assessed validity (agreement) and test–retest reliability between ActiGraph …

Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown Monolayer Graphene Microsensors With Rf Ring Oscillator Backend Circuit, Mohamed Ahmed Waheed Tawfik

Theses and Dissertations

This work presents the integration of a backend RF ring oscillator readout circuit to transduce structural changes in CVD-grown monolayer graphene into an electrical signal and the implementation of it to detect physical changes such as radiation and flexural strain. The novelty in this work lies in the following (1) the ability of the sensor platform to overcome environmental effects, such as light photons and temperature changes, through the readout circuit, and (2) it opens the door for the scalability of CVD-grown graphene-based for sensors and devices. Thus, the introduced sensors solve several downsides in the state-of-the-art graphene-based radiation and …

Influence Of Processed Natural Black Sand Vs. Natural White Sand And Silica Flour As Additives To Oil-Well Cementing Applications, Ramy Abuel Maaty

Theses and Dissertations

Cementing is a crucial and fundamental step in the process of drilling wells to extract oil from its reservoirs. Cementing main functions are to achieve zonal isolation and provide mechanical support to the casing. Impermeable and powerful cement is strongly desired to withstand high pressures and temperatures during the lifetime of the producing wells. Various additives to cement, such as silica flour, fly ash, Nano-additives and other advanced materials have been used and tested to attain improved cement of higher quality and enhanced properties such as permeability, porosity, mechanical and rheological properties. Very few researches have discussed the uses of …

Accurate Evaluation Of The Direction-Dependent Mechanical Properties Of Ideal Single Crystals: A Comparative Ab Initio Study, Jaylan Ali Elhalawani

Theses and Dissertations

The mechanical properties of a single crystal or a grain in a polycrystalline material are highly dependent on the direction of the applied load. Key properties of interest are the Young’s modulus and the Poisson ratio in the small strain limit, and the ideal tensile strength in the large strain regime. Prior atomistic computations of these properties interchangeably used two approaches. In one approach the stress-strain response is explicitly calculated via a numerical tensile test experiment. In the second approach the second order single crystal elastic constants are computed via small deformations and then used in analytical equations to derive …

Implications Of Good Faith In Construction Contracts, Nadine Rashed

Theses and Dissertations

The principle of good faith is making inroads and continues to significantly impact various contractual arrangements. In most civil legal systems, good faith is present as a core principle. Nevertheless, its definition is beyond doubt scarce in the construction industry. However, the common law lacks the good faith obligations. Good faith is one of the fundamental principles that impact the contractual obligations between the contracting parties. This paper creates an urge to address the implications of good faith on construction contracts in the pre-contract and post-contract award stages. Therefore, the paper’s objective is to propose a legal/contractual clause that meets …

Enhancing Performance Of Gravity Driven Membranes For Water Purification In Small Rural Communities, Amr Ezzat Melligy Mr.

Theses and Dissertations

Due to the rapid population growth in Egypt, providing safe drinking water is becoming an ongoing challenge especially in rural scattered communities. It became more crucial than ever to find innovative and affordable solutions to purify water and reduce water-borne diseases. Ultrafiltration and micro-filtration membranes has been successful in large, centralized plants and is currently one of the popular solutions to provide high quality product water. However, using those membrane systems in rural areas is challenged by several parameters; among which are; the absence of skilled workers, stable energy sources and availability of chemicals. The goal of this thesis is …

Graphical Models In Reconstructability Analysis And Bayesian Networks, Marcus Andrew Harris

Dissertations and Theses

This research focuses on the investigation of two machine learning methodologies, Reconstructability Analysis (RA) and Bayesian Networks (BN). Both methods are probabilistic graphical modeling (PGM) methodologies. RA was developed in the systems community and has applications including time-series analysis, classification, decomposition, compression, pattern recognition, prediction, control, and decision analysis. BNs have origins in path models and have applications similar to those of RA. BNs are another graphical modeling approach for data modeling that is closely related to RA; where BN overlaps RA the two methods are equivalent, but RA and BN each has distinctive features absent in the other methodology. …

Vr-Based Safety Training Program For High-Rise Building Construction, Sahar Badr

Theses and Dissertations

The rates of fatal and non-fatal accidents within the construction industry across the globe are surging despite the massive efforts that are being exerted toward maintaining a safe working environment. Past research has proved that the provision of effective safety training programs is a primary course of action that should be taken to minimize construction accidents, fatalities, and both fatal and nonfatal injuries.

However, in acknowledging the limitations of traditional safety training programs within the construction industry, several researchers have addressed the urge to incorporate novel training practices that are based on the modern virtual reality (VR) technology to promote …

Biogas Combustion Characteristics In A Concentric Flow Slot Burner: Effects Of Co2 Concentration On Stability And Flame Structure, Maged Kiriakos

Theses and Dissertations

Biogas combustion is affected by the concentration of carbon dioxide. The successful applications of Biogas as a sustainable renewable alternative fuel produced from waste depend on its combustion stability, heat release, and pollution level. The aim of the current study is to apply new combustion technology and study the stability and combustion characteristics of natural gas with different percentages of carbon dioxide from 0 to 40% simulating biogas fuel. The stability characteristics and the temperature profiles of turbulent planar flames at different levels mixture inhomogeneity are investigated and presented in this work. The flames are created in a newly developed …

Can Grid-Tied Solar Photovoltaics Lead To Residential Heating Electrification? A Techno-Economic Case Study In The Midwestern U.S., Nelson Sommerfeldt, Joshua M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

This study aims to quantify the techno-economic potential of using solar photovoltaics (PV) to support heat pumps (HP) towards the replacement of natural gas heating in a representative North American residence from a house owner's point of view. For this purpose, simulations are performed on: (1) a residential natural gas-based heating system and grid electricity, (2) a residential natural gas-based heating system with PV to serve the electric load, (3) a residential HP system with grid electricity, and (4) a residential HP+PV system. Detailed descriptions are provided along with a comprehensive sensitivity analysis for identifying specific boundary conditions that enable …

Biofilm Formation Influences The Wettability And Settling Of Microplastics, Amber J. Pete, Philip J. Brahana, Mustapha Bello, Michael G. Benton, Bhuvnesh Bharti

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The fate of 99% of the plastics present in oceans is unknown. It is presumed that biofilm formation on plastics leads to their sinking to the ocean floor, thus making them undetectable at the surface. While it is established that biofilms lead to sinking of plastics, it is the mechanism by which biofilms enhance the vertical transport of plastics that remains unknown. It is commonly assumed that biofilms increase the effective mass density of the plastics, which drives their sinking. Here, we show that such an assumption is not always true, and formation of biofilms alone is an insufficient criterion …

Changes In The Mechanical Performance Of An Ortho-Planar Spring After Aging Tests, Lucas F. L. Santos, Larry L. Howell, Jose J. R. D’Almeida

Faculty Publications

This paper analyzed an ortho-planar spring (OPS) compliant mechanism and evaluated its mechanical performance after hygrothermal and ultraviolet radiation aging tests. The aging analysis performed here addresses the performance of compliant mechanisms after aging processes which can help inform the design of future compliant mechanisms. ASTM D638 tensile test type I samples were also submitted to aging to serve as a comparison for OPS samples. The samples were submitted to three different kinds of aging conditions, namely water immersion, oil immersion, and ultraviolet radiation. In conclusion, tensile samples showed significant statistical changes in Young's modulus and elongation at break, whereas …

Development Of The Tlvmie Force Field And A Standardized Methodology For Improved Pure-Component And Mixture Liquid Viscosity Predictions, Daniel J. Carlson

Theses and Dissertations

Existing viscosity prediction methods and relevant literature are reviewed. An exhaustive review of group contribution, corresponding states, and interpolative prediction methods finds that even the best of these models produces large prediction errors and often require significant experimental data. Molecular dynamics simulation techniques for viscosity prediction are evaluated and compared to one another to determine the best choice for this work. A thorough investigation finds that Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (EMD) simulations are the best option for reproducible and reliable liquid viscosity predictions. The many tuning parameters available in molecular dynamics simulations are investigated for their effects on prediction uncertainty and …

Secreted Metabolome Of Porcine Blastocysts Encapsulated With In In Vitro 3d Alginate Hydrogel Culture Systems Under Going Morphological Changes Provides Insights Into Specific Mechanisms Involved In The Initiation Of Porcine Conceptus Elongation, Sophie C. Walsh, Jeremy R. Miles, Corey D. Broeckling, Lea A. Rempel, Elane C. Wright-Johnson, Angela K. Pannier

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Context. The exact mechanisms regulating the initiation of porcine conceptus elongation are not known due to the complexity of the uterine environment. Aims. To identify contributing factors for initiation of conceptus elongation in vitro, this study evaluated differential metabolite abundance within media following culture of blastocysts within unmodified alginate (ALG) or Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-modified alginate hydrogel culture systems. Methods. Blastocysts were harvested from pregnant gilts, encapsulated within ALG or RGD or as non-encapsulated control blastocysts (CONT), and cultured. At the termination of 96 h culture, media were separated into blastocyst media groups: non-encapsulated control blastocysts (CONT); ALG …

Evaluation Of Liquid Loading In Gas Wells Using Machine Learning, Abderraouf Chemmakh, Olusegun Stanley Tomomewo, Kegang Ling, Ahmed Shammari

Petroleum Engineering Student Publications

The inevitable result that gas wells witness during their life production is the liquid loading problem. The liquids that come with gas block the production tubing if the gas velocity supplied by the reservoir pressure is not enough to carry them to surface. Researchers used different theories to solve the problem naming, droplet fallback theory, liquid film reversal theory, characteristic velocity, transient simulations, and others. While there is no definitive answer on what theory is the most valid or the one that performs the best in all cases. This paper comes to involve a different approach, a combination between physics-based …

Characterization Of Operational Vibrations Of Steel-Girder Highway Bridges Via Lidar, Adriana Trias Blanco, Jie Gong, Franklin L. Moon

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

This research is motivated by the need for rapidly deployable technologies such as wireless, non-contact or remote sensing for evaluating bridges under operating conditions to minimize the data collection time, avoid the disruption of traffic and increase the inspector’s safety. The objective established for this research is to explore the use of remote sensing (e.g., Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)) for characterizing the structural vibration of bridges to support and improve bridge assessment practices. To satisfy this objective, a field study was performed on a 12-span steel stringer bridge in the Philadelphia region. This structure was subjected to extensive LiDAR …

Semiconductor Devices, Sheila D. Hill Pe

KSU Distinguished Course Repository

3 Class Hours, 0 Laboratory Hours, 3 Credit Hours Prerequisites: CHEM 1211, CHEM 1211L, EE 1000
This course effectively applies the knowledge of chemistry and physics to understand the operating principles of various semiconductor devices. The course covers topics starting from the fundamental concepts of atomic and crystal structure, crystal growth, impurity doping and energy bands to the in-depth device operation and quantitative analysis of p-n junction diode, metal-semiconductor contacts and Schottky diode, BJTs and MOSFETs. Also fundamental operating principles of optoelectronic devices such as, LEDs and photodiodes are discussed. Simple device simulation components reinforces the understanding of various critical …

Surface Characterization Of Particulate Dust Subjected To Dew-Induced Cementation, Mohamed Adawi

Student Theses and Dissertations

Accumulation of soils and other particulate matter on the front cover glass of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules results in transmission losses that detrimentally affect the power output of PV installations. Cementation reactions occur due to interactions between the dust and the glass surface in the presence of temperature, humidity, and ph. In this study, accelerated soiling and cementation tests on glass coupons were performed using a custom instrumented soiling chamber and several standardized soils (Arizona Test Dust, Aramco Test Dust, and China Test Dust) to assess soil adhesion and cementation behaviors. Water contact angle (WCA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) …

Development Of Prediction Model For Rutting Depth Using Artificial Neural Network, Rami Khalifah, Mena I. Souliman, Mawiya Bin Mukarram Bajusair

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

One of the most common pavement distresses in flexible pavement is rutting, which is mainly caused by heavy wheel load and various other factors. The prediction of rutting depth is important for safe travel and the long-term performance of pavements. Factors that are considered in this paper for the prediction of rut depth are Temperature, Equivalent Single Axle Load, Resilient modulus, and Thickness of hot mixed asphalt. The input data for all factors are collected from the Long-Term Pavement Performance Information Management System for the state of Texas. Regression analysis is performed for dependent and independent variables to obtain the …

Compactness And Neutrosophic Topological Space Via Grills, Runu Dhar

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of various types of compactness in neutrosophic topological space via grills. We shall generalize neutrosophic C - compact space and neutrosophic G - compact space and introduce C(G) - compact space in neutrosophic topological space with respect to grills. We shall call it as neutrosophic C - compact with respect to grills and term it as neutrosophic C(G) - compact space. We shall also investigate some of its basic properties and characterization theorems. We shall also study the neutrosophic quasi - H - closed space with respect to a grill.

Compactness And Neutrosophic Topological Space Via Grills, Runu Dhar

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of various types of compactness in neutrosophic topological space via grills. We shall generalize neutrosophic C - compact space and neutrosophic G - compact space and introduce C(G) - compact space in neutrosophic topological space with respect to grills. We shall call it as neutrosophic C - compact with respect to grills and term it as neutrosophic C(G) - compact space. We shall also investigate some of its basic properties and characterization theorems. We shall also study the neutrosophic quasi - H - closed space with respect to a grill.