Engineering Commons^™

Crash/Near-Crash: Impact Of Secondary Tasks And Real-Time Detection Of Distracted Driving, Peter Ramzy Zaki Bakhit

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The main goal of this dissertation is to investigate the problem of distracted driving from two different perspectives. First, the identification of possible sources of distraction and their associated crash/near-crash risk. That can assist government officials toward more informed decision-making process, allowing for optimized allocation of available resources to reduce roadway crashes and improve traffic safety. Second, actively counteracting the distracted driving phenomenon by quantitative evaluation of eye glance patterns.

This dissertation research consists of two different parts. The first part provides an in-depth analysis for the increased crash/near-crash risk associated with different secondary task activities using the largest real-world …

Numerical Study Of Liquid Atomization And Breakup Using The Volume Of Fluid Method In Ansys Fluent, Sai Saran Kandati

LSU Master's Theses

The spherical metal particles produced from the centrifugal atomization process have been the topic of numerous theoretical, experimental and numerical studies from the past few years. This atomization process uses centrifugal force to break-up molten material into spherical droplets, which are quenched into solidified granules by the flow of cold air on the spherical droplets. In the present work, a transient three-dimensional multiphase CFD model is applied to three different materials: Molten slag, aqueous glycerol solution, and molten Ni-Nb to study the influence of the dimensionless parameters on the centrifugal atomization outcome.

Results from numerical experiments indicated that the droplet …

Evaluation Of Synthetic Cpt And Soil Boring Data By Various Spatial Interpolation Techniques, Md Habibur Rahman

LSU Master's Theses

In order to incorporate the influence of collected in-situ data, the spatial correlation between the data and the foundation needs to be explored. However, risk and uncertainty are the characteristics of the soil that cannot be eliminated. Statistical information of the soil property can be estimated from available field data obtained from testing at discrete locations across the site. In this research, several well-established spatial interpolation methods like ordinary kriging (OK), simple kriging (SK), inverse distance weight (IDW), spline, natural neighbor (NaN) and universal kriging (UK) were incorporated to evaluate the best method. Six CPT (Cone penetration test) (Tip Resistance …

Papaverine And Its Derivatives Radiosensitize Solid Tumors By Inhibiting Mitochondrial Metabolism, Martin Benej, Xiangqian Hong, Sandip Vibhute, Sabina Scott, Jinghai Wu, Edward Graves, Quynh-Thu Le, Albert C. Koong, Amato J. Giaccia, Bing Yu, Ching-Shih Chen, Ioanna Papandreou, Nicholas C. Denko

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Tumor hypoxia reduces the effectiveness of radiation therapy by limiting the biologically effective dose. An acute increase in tumor oxygenation before radiation treatment should therefore significantly improve the tumor cell kill after radiation. Efforts to increase oxygen delivery to the tumor have not shown positive clinical results. Here we show that targeting mitochondrial respiration results in a significant reduction of the tumor cells’ demand for oxygen, leading to increased tumor oxygenation and radiation response. We identified an activity of the FDA-approved drug papaverine as an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I. We also provide genetic evidence that papaverine’s complex I inhibition …

Machine Learning Tools For Optimization Of Fuel Consumption At Signalized Intersections In Connected/Automated Vehicles Environment, Saleh Ragab Mousa

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Researchers continue to seek numerous techniques for making the transportation sector more sustainable in terms of fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Among the most effective techniques is Eco-driving at signalized intersections. Eco-driving is a complex control problem where drivers approaching the intersections are guided, over a period of time, to optimize fuel consumption. Eco-driving control systems reduce fuel consumption by optimizing vehicle trajectories near signalized intersections based on information of the SpaT (Signal Phase and Timing). Developing Eco-driving applications for semi-actuated signals, unlike pre-timed, is more challenging due to variations in cycle length resulting from fluctuations in traffic demand. …

Three-Dimensional Forming Of Multi-Layered Materials: Material Heat Response And Quality Aspects, Sami-Seppo Ovaska, Pavel Geydt, Ville Leminen, Johanna Lyytikäinen, Sami Matthews, Panu Tanninen, Malte Wallmeier, Marek Hauptmann, Kaj Backfolk

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

The micro- and macrostructural changes occurring in multi-layered substrates during three-dimensional forming were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical analyses. Particular attention was paid to heat-induced deformations at the interface between of polymeric coating layer and the paperboard. With excessive heat transfer, occasional delamination of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coating from the paperboard was observed. The mechanism behind delamination was studied in detail in-situ with an AFM at temperatures relevant to the converting process. Based on the analysis, the delamination could partially be linked to the widening of the initially-existing nano-scale cracks at the coating-paperboard …

Optimal And Objective Placement Of Sensors In Water Distribution Systems Using Information Theory, Mohammad S. Khorshidi, Mohammad Reza Nikoo, Mojtaba Sadegh

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Optimization-based deployment of contamination warning system in water distribution systems has been widely used in the literature, due to their superior performance compared to rule- and opinion-based approaches. However, optimization techniques impose an excessive computational burden, which in turn is compensated for by shrinking the problem’s decision space and/or using faster optimization algorithms with less accuracy. This imposes subjectivity in interpretation of the system and associated risks, and undermines model’s accuracy by not exploring the entire feasible space. We propose a framework that uses information theoretic techniques, including value of information and transinformation entropy, for optimal sensor placement. This can …

Utah State Grad Burke Williams Really Is A Rocket Scientist | College Of Engineering, Usu College Of Engineering

College of Engineering News

Burke Williams was born and raised in Alpine, Utah, but has now lived in Farr West Utah for 13-plus years.

Numerical Simulation And Experimental Validation Of The Vibration Suppression Control By Using Input Shaping Technique With Extended Kalman Filter, Yi-Cheng Huang, Yen-Lin Lee, Ming-You Ma

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The development of high-speed and high-precision machine tools is a challenge for designers because of the difficulties associated with the vibration control of mechanical systems. This study proposed a method to suppress such vibration by using input shaping functions with an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Input shaping is a technique that deploys one or several designed impulses to eliminate the vibration response of a mechanical system. To determine the parameters of an input shaper, the vibration of the mechanical system was assumed to be a simple, exponentially decaying sinusoidal signal. The EKF was used to estimate signal parameters, namely frequency …

A Bismuth Attack At Grain-Boundaries Of Ceria-Based Electrolytes, Tianrang Yang, Kevin Huang

Faculty Publications

Bismuth is a common additive of commercial silver pastes for enhancing metallization effect; silver paste is also commonly used in high-temperature electrochemical cells as a current collector or contact layer. We here report that the minor amount of bismuth in commercial silver pastes can transport to the interface of electrode/Gd-doped CeO₂ (GDC) electrolyte and seriously corrode grain-boundaries (GBs) of the GDC electrolyte, a commonly used intermediate-temperature electrolyte, causing significant ionic conductivity degradation. A comprehensive electron microscopic analysis reveals that the Bi-corrosion takes place along GBs of GDC electrolyte acting as “washing flux” agent, causing grain separation and thus blocking …

An Experimental And Numerical Study Of A High Speed Planing Craft With Full-Scale Validation, Ahmet Gultekin Avci, Baris Barlas

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

During the conceptual design of a high speed craft, the most important element of the process is resistance and drag prediction. To increase efficiency in high speed craft design, the prediction of total resistance must be increasingly accurate. To achieve this objective, model towing tank tests were used. Although testing will always be necessary, the growing field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is gaining interest, considering the experimental costs. This paper investigates both the experimental and numerical methods of total resistance prediction for a high speed hull, including comparison of the trim and sinkage measurements. Additionally, the model tests were …

Robust Control Of Discrete-Time Uncertain Stochastic Systems Subject To Mixed H2/Passivity Performance, Cheung-Chieh Ku, Rui-Wen Chen, Guan-Wei Chen, Wen-Jer Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper investigates a mixed H2/Passivity performance control problem of uncertain stochastic systems. Based on Itô stochastic equation, the considered system is described by a linear difference equation with multiplicative noise term. To minimize output energy and guarantee asymptotical stability, the H2 scheme is employed. Moreover, passivity theory is applied to constrain the effect of external disturbance on the system. According to the passivity theory, a general and flexible mixed performance controller design method is proposed. Based on Lyapunov function, some sufficient conditions are derived into extended Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) form which reduces conservatism of finding the feasible solutions. …

Economic Approaches And Market Structures For Temporal-Spatial Spectrum Sharing, Feixiang Zhang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In wireless communication systems, economic approaches can be applied to spectrum sharing and enhance spectrum utilization.

In this research, we develop a model where geographic information, including licensed areas of primary users (PUs) and locations of secondary users (SUs), plays an important role in the spectrum sharing system. We consider a multi-price policy and the pricing power of noncooperative PUs in multiple geographic areas. Meanwhile, the value assessment of a channel is price-related and the demand from the SUs is price-elastic. By applying an evolutionary procedure, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the optimal payoff for each PU selling …

Analysis Of Fuel Cell Applied For Submarine Air Independent Propulsion (Aip) System, Jen-Chieh Lee, Tony Shay

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this paper, the performance of a 2000-ton hybrid AIP system submarine is investigated by analyzing the weight, volume and efficiency of its propulsion system. The engine of the investigated AIP system employs a low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell which makes use of the hydrogen and oxygen as the reactants. More specifically, the reactants of fuel cell in this study are considered from the combination of three fuel storage systems, methanol (MeOH), liquid hydrogen (LH2) and metal hydride (MH2), and two oxidant storage systems, liquid oxygen (LOX) and compressed oxygen (O2). Based on the assumed various daily propulsion …

A Novel Damaged Ship Righting Plan Optimization Method Based On Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, Kai Li, Zhijiang Yuan, Xiaogang Jiang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

With the increase of the sea disaster caused by ship capsizing, self-rescuing ability of damaged ship has attracted much attention among ship designers, ship owners, classification societies and authorities. Damaged ship righting optimization remains a very complicated problem due to the feasible combinations of counter-flooding approaches with different compartments and loads are numerous. The effectiveness and efficiency of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm has been demonstrated on the combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper, an ABC algorithm-based righting plan optimization method for damaged ship is proposed. In this method, the objective is to minimize the inclination angle under a …

The Trefftz Test Functions Method For Solving The Generalized Inverse Boundary Value Problems Of Laplace Equation, Chein-Shan Liu, Yung-Wei Chen, Jiang-Ren Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The issue of data completion is important for the elliptic type partial differential equation. In the inverse Cauchy problem, we need to complete the boundary data by over-specifying Dirichlet and Neumann data on a portion of the boundary. In this paper, we numerically solve the generalized inverse boundary value problems of Laplace equation in a rectangle with one boundary function and two boundary functions missing, which are more difficult than the inverse Cauchy problem. By using the technique of a boundary integral equation method together with a specially designed Trefftz test function, we can complete the boundary data by requiring …

Sound And Vibration Analysis Of A Marine Diesel Engine Via Reverse Engineering, Jinsiang Shaw, Yun-Hong Wang, Cherng-Yuan Lin

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, a sound and vibration analysis of a marine diesel engine was conducted. The vibration and sound signals of the engine under various operating conditions were measured and analyzed by applying a spectrum analysis and an ordertracking analysis. In addition, a finite-element model of the engine was constructed via reverse engineering from a 3D scan. The main causes of engine vibration and noise were clarified and identified individually through the experiments and the engine model. Finally, the biodiesel-blended diesel fuel was used for the engine for comparing sound and vibration performance with the ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). In …

Changing Flow Capacity In The Upper Yellow River By Using A Standardized Dike, Tao Bai, Jian Wei, Rong Ma, Chuan-Hui Ma, Qiang Huang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The flow capacity of the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River has declined substantially for the effects of reservoir regulation, higher concentration of channel sedimentation, reduced upstream inflow, and increased demand for water resources downstream. This has resulted in frequent flooding and ice-related incidents, which severely threaten downstream safety. Accordingly, this paper proposes flow-capacity limitations on the basis of a standardized dike design to acquire optimal safety overflow for the upstream of Yellow River. First, historical data (1946-2012) from six hydrological stations (S1-S6) are collected, and flow capacities covering 1965-2006 (Data 1) and 2007-2010 (Data 2) are compared. Second, …

Flow Characteristics And Velocity Fields Of Swirling Double-Concentric Jets At High Central Jet Reynolds Numbers, Minh Duc Le, Ching Min Hsu, Rong Fung Huang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The flow characteristics and velocity fields of swirling doubleconcentric jets at a high central jet Reynolds number were studied. The central jet Reynolds numbers varied from 700 < Rec < 1000. The flow behaviors of the swirling double-concentric jets were observed using a laser light sheet assisted by a smoke-wire flow visualization technique. The time-averaged velocity vectors and streamlines, normalized velocity contours, fluctuation intensity contours, and vorticity contours were carried out using particle image velocimeter (PIV). Two characteristic flow modes are classified: the central jet-dominated radial flow occurs at a low annular jet Reynolds number while the high-turbulence swirling wake appears at a high annular jet Reynolds number. The flow feature of the central jet-dominated radial flow presents a wideopen shear layer because of the effect of a high-speed deflected central jet. A large dual-ring vortex in the wake and two pairs of vortices in the gap between the control disk and primary disk in the high-turbulence swirling wake mode appear. The turbulence intensity in the high-turbulence swirling wake were significantly larger than those in the central jet-dominated radial flow.

Performance Analysis Of An Active Heave Compensation System On An Offshore Supply Vessel Using The Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation, Luman Zhao, Myung-Il Roh

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The active heave compensation (AHC) system on an offshore supply vessel (OSV) plays a pivotal role in offshore installation operations by minimizing the heave motion of suspended subsea equipment, regardless of the OSV motion. In order to successfully perform its function, the AHC system should have a suitable control algorithm, and its performance must be evaluated in advance of operation. Performance analysis of the AHC system requires complicated testing procedures, and a great deal of associated equipment. In particular, such analysis is often very costly and time-consuming, and realistic conditions are typically impossible to establish in a testing environment. To …

Qualitative Survey Of A Coastal Region From A Polarimetric Analysis Of Synthetic Aperture Radar Images, Hsiu-Wen Wang, Hsuan Ren

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This study applied a time series of fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images using RADARSAT-2 to analyze the polarimetric responses of the west coast of Taiwan. A total of seven images were acquired from 2009 and 2012, covering the low, high, and similar tide levels. A four-component target decomposition algorithm was used to investigate the tidal effects and dynamic ocean interactions of sandbanks near the coast. The experimental results showed that the Yamaguchi fourcomponent decomposition can extract different features in the coastal area efficiently and effectively. From the target decomposition image constructed using the Yamaguchi four-component model, strong double-bounce …

First Observations Of Volcanic Eruption Clouds From The L1 Earth-Sun Lagrange Point By Dscovr/Epic, Simon Carn, N. A. Krotov, B. L. Fisher, C. Li, A. J. Prata

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions have been measured by ultraviolet sensors on polar‐orbiting satellites for several decades but with limited temporal resolution. This precludes studies of key processes believed to occur in young (~1–3 hr old) volcanic clouds. In 2015, the launch of the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) aboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) provided an opportunity for novel observations of volcanic eruption clouds from the first Earth‐Sun Lagrange point (L1). The L1 vantage point provides continuous observations of the sunlit Earth, offering up to eight or nine observations of volcanic SO₂ clouds in the …

Photocatalytic Activity: Experimental Features To Report In Heterogeneous Photocatalysis, Md. Ariful Hoque, Marcelo I. Guzman

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a prominent area of research with major applications in solar energy conversion, air pollution mitigation, and removal of contaminants from water. A large number of scientific papers related to the photocatalysis field and its environmental applications are published in different journals specializing in materials and nanomaterials. However, many problems exist in the conception of papers by authors unfamiliar with standard characterization methods of photocatalysts as well as with the procedures needed to determine photocatalytic activities based on the determination of “apparent quantum efficiencies” within a wavelength interval or “apparent quantum yields” in the case of using monochromatic …

Performance Comparison Of Low Temperature And Chemical Absorption Carbon Capture Processes In Response To Dynamic Electricity Demand And Price Profiles, Seyed Mostafa Safdarnejad, John Hedengren, Kody M. Powell

Faculty Publications

Current projections to the year 2050 reveal that fossil fuels will remain the main source of energy generation. To achieve the target limits of carbon dioxide emission, set by national and international policies, carbon capture will play a key role. Modeling and optimization of various carbon capture technologies such as pre-combustion, oxy-fuel, and post-combustion, when integrated with coal-fired power plants, have been researched extensively in literature. Research on the integration of power generation with capture technologies regarding comparisons between the different schemes in response to dynamic inputs is lacking. This work provides a comparison between a low temperature carbon capture …

Cip2a Immunosensor Comprised Of Vertically-Aligned Carbon Nanotube Interdigitated Electrodes Towards Point-Of-Care Oral Cancer Screening, Shaowei Ding, Suprem R. Das, Benjamin J. Brownlee, Kshama Parate, Taylor Davis, Loreen R. Stromberg, Edward K.L. Chan, Joseph Katz, Brian D. Iverson, Jonathan C. Claussen

Faculty Publications

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube array (VANTA) coatings have recently garnered much attention due in part to their unique material properties including light absorption, chemical inertness, and electrical conductivity. Herein we report the first use of VANTAs grown via chemical vapor deposition in a 2D interdigitated electrode (IDE) footprint with a high height-to-width aspect ratio (3:1 or 75:25 µm). The VANTA-IDE is functionalized with an antibody (Ab) specific to the human cancerous inhibitor PP2A (CIP2A)—a alivary oncoprotein that is associated with a variety of malignancies such as oral, breast, and multiple myeloma cancers. The resultant immunosensor is capable of detecting CIP2A …

Bipartite Quantum Interactions: Entangling And Information Processing Abilities, Siddhartha Das

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The aim of this thesis is to advance the theory behind quantum information processing tasks, by deriving fundamental limits on bipartite quantum interactions and dynamics. A bipartite quantum interaction corresponds to an underlying Hamiltonian that governs the physical transformation of a two-body open quantum system. Under such an interaction, the physical transformation of a bipartite quantum system is considered in the presence of a bath, which may be inaccessible to an observer. The goal is to determine entangling abilities of such arbitrary bipartite quantum interactions. Doing so provides fundamental limitations on information processing tasks, including entanglement distillation and secret key …

Carbon-Coated Fep Nanoparticles Anchored On Carbon Nanotube Networks As Anode For Long-Life Sodium-Ion Storage, Chunrong Ma, Zhengguang Fu, Changjian Deng, Xiaozhen Liao, Yushi He, Zifeng Ma, Hui Xiong

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A novel electrode design strategy of carbon-coated FeP particles anchored on a conducting carbon nanotube network (CNT@FePC) is designed to achieve a superior sodium ion storage. Such a unique structure demonstrated excellent long-life cycling stability (a 95% capacity retention for more than 1200 cycles at 3 A g^-1) and rate capability (delivered 272 mAh g^-1 at 8 A g^-1).

An Accurate And Efficient Time Delay Estimation Method Of Ultra-High Frequency Signals For Partial Discharge Localization In Substations, Pengfei Li, Kejie Dai, Tong Zhang, Yantao Jin, Yushun Liu, Yuan Liao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Partial discharge (PD) localization in substations based on the ultra-high frequency (UHF) method can be used to efficiently assess insulation conditions. Localization accuracy is affected by the accuracy of the time delay (TD) estimation, which is critical for PD localization in substations. A review of existing TD estimation methods indicates that there is a need to develop methods that are both accurate and computationally efficient. In this paper, a novel TD estimation method is proposed to improve both accuracy and efficiency. The TD is calculated using an improved cross-correlation algorithm based on full-wavefronts of array UHF signals, which are extracted …

Hemodynamics And Pathology Of An Enlarging Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model In Rabbits, Hongmei Chen, Yonghua Bi, Siyeong Yu, Linxia Gu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Xinwei Han

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Hemodynamics may play an essential role in the initiation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We aimed to study the mechanism of self-healing process by the changes of hemodynamics and pathology in an enlarging AAA in rabbits. Seventy-two rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. Rabbits underwent extrinsic coarctation and received a 10-minute elastase incubation in Group A and Group B. Absorbable suture used in Group A was terminated by balloon dilation at week 4. Diameter was measured after 1, 3, 5, and 15 weeks, computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed at week 3 and week 15. Rabbits were …

The Santa Clara, 2018-10-11, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.