Engineering Commons^™

Multiscale Mechanistic Characterization Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavements, A. M. Feroze Rashid

Student Theses and Dissertations

The Superpave test methods are based on unmodified asphalt binders and mixes; researchers have reported limitations of these methods in evaluating modified binders. An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) has the potential to determine morphology and nanomechanistic properties of modified and unmodified asphalt binders. In this study, different amounts of binders recovered from four selected reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) are blended with a virgin Performance Grade (PG) binder and tested by following Superpave tests and AFM techniques. Binders with high RAP are found to have more rutting resistance than the virgin binder but less cracking resistance due to their brittleness. Toward …

Performance Evaluation Of Polyphosphoric Acid Modified Asphalt Binders, Istiaque Mahmud

Student Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to find out short- and long-term performance of Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA)-modified asphalt binders. To evaluate the binder performance, mechanistic, chemical and moisture susceptibility tests were done on PPA- and Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt binders. Mechanistic performance was analyzed by Superpave performance grade testing (AASHTO M 320), whereas chemical analysis was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses and moisture susceptibility was evaluated by Surface Free Energy (SFE) techniques. Superpave testing results suggest that PPA-modified binders are more rutting and fatigue resistant than PG 64-22 binders, but use of Liquid Anti-Stripping Agents (LAA) …

Wire Neutralization System, Scott A. Bradley, Jason Wiitanen, Timothy B. Smigowski, John T. Niemeyer, Andrew Culkin

Michigan Tech Patents

A wire neutralizing system for use with a vehicle including a frame adapted to be hitched to a vehicle. At least one wheel supports the frame while a bottom of the wheel rolls over terrain having buried wires. The system also includes a blade movable between a stowed position in which the blade is above the bottom of the wheel and a deployed position in which the blade is below the bottom of the wheel, such that the blade plows through the terrain to disable buried wires when in the deployed position.

Impact Factor And Scholarly Research: The Traditional Media With A Social Media Influence, Brent D. Bowen, Jacqueline Luedtke, Timothy B. Holt, David Ehrensperger, Hunter M. Watson

Publications

The research method for this project – examining the dissemination of research artifacts through social media as well as the impact social media can have on scholarly research – originated with Dr. Brent Bowen of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University at the Prescott, Arizona campus and Dr. Dean E. Headley of Wichita State University. Drs. Bowen and Headley introduced the Airline Quality Rating (AQR) in early 1991 as an objective method for comparing and scoring airline performance in areas deemed to be important for consumers. Scores are calculated by defining 15-elements in four major areas, focusing on airline performance and the significance …

The Utilization Of Peer Mentorship And Its Positive Impact On Student Retention, Timothy B. Holt, Jacqueline Luedtke, Claire Schindler

Publications

In recognition of increasing rates of repeated ground schools and flight lessons, in combination with decreasing retention rates in the flight programs at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, the Department of Aeronautical Science in the College of Aviation took initiative to create a program that identified struggle students before they reached excessive failure or financial distress. The students identified in the Student Success Initiative (SSI) after being assessed would be required to attend a mediation session with their academic and flight training staff in order to create a specialized training program.

• Student Success Initiative (SSI)
• Identifies "at risk" students
• Implemented training plan …

Airline Quality And The Consumer Perception, Brent D. Bowen, Erin Bowen, Dean E. Headley, Madeline S. Kuhn

Publications

Operational performance of the U.S. airline industry has been monitored for the past 27 years by a quantitative model of metrics known as the Airline Quality Rating. The National Airline Quality Rating (http://airlinequalityrating.com) sets the industry standard for comparing performance quality among U.S. airlines. Criteria included in the Airline Quality Rating (AQR) report are screened to meet two basic elements: (1) they must be readily obtainable from published data sources for each airline, and (2) they must be important to consumers regarding airline quality. Results from this report are retrieved from the April 2016 Airline Quality Rating Report.

Modelling Fatigue For Management Decision Making: A Case Study, Rajee Olaganathan, Timothy B. Holt, Jacqueline Luedtke

Publications

Fatigue is one major contributing factor that reduces the human ability and leads to accidents, and threatens the safety of aircraft and human lives.

Though fatigue is seen in all the disciplines associated with the aviation industry, this paper will discuss only pilot fatigue. Based on the literature examined, this study first examines the significance of the problem.

Investigation of the inflight, pre/post flight countermeasures (both pharmacological and non - pharmacological methods) practiced at present, discusses the Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) – in this first, it defines the FRMS, briefly discusses its history, describes the organizational structure of FRMS …

The Effects Of Using Noise Reduction Turbofan Engine Nozzle Designs On A Turbojet Engine, Donald Bartlett

Journal of Applied Sciences and Arts

Abstract

Aircraft noise is a complex topic which is projected to increase with the increasing number of aircraft and size of the engines. Turbine-powered aircraft produce sounds that are considered pollutants at certain decibel levels. Turbofan engines are inherently quieter than turbojet engines for a given level of thrust. The purpose of this research is to determine if current turbofan noise reduction nozzles could reduce the amount of noise for turbojet engines at two different thrust levels. Three turbofan engine nozzles were designed and tested on a turbojet engine. Decibel levels of 30 frequencies for each of the nozzles were …

Coreless Multidisc Axial Flux Pm Machine With Carbon Nanotube Windings, Vandana Rallabandi, Narges Taran, Dan M. Ionel, John F. Eastham

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

Coreless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines are attracting increasing attention due to their compact structure and high torque density. The torque to weight ratio can be further enhanced by the use of alternate conductor materials, such as carbon nanotube (CNT), or aluminum windings in place of the copper material coils. This paper proposes a coreless AFPM synchronous motor with CNT windings. Analytical equations are developed to allow a systematic comparison of machine designs with different conductor materials. The performance of machine designs with different coil materials, namely, copper, aluminum, and CNT, is evaluated and compared. The calculations are also …

Effects Of Exposure To Quantum Dots In The External And Internal Environments Of Organisms, Kenton Layne Leigh

Student Theses and Dissertations

The use of nanotechnology in research and consumer products is increasing, but there are few studies regarding the safety of nanoparticles (NPs). NPs’ small size and increased surface area allow for unique physical and chemical properties not seen in bulk counterparts of the same material. Thus, NP interactions within environmental and biological matrices are not well understood. Specifically, quantum dots (QDs) have garnered increased attention due to their superior optical properties. However, little research on the effects of QDs on the environment is available. The studies described herein provide data regarding interactions of QDs in aquatic and terrestrial environments using …

An Archival Analysis Of Stall Warning System Effectiveness During Airborne Icing Encounters, John Michael Maris

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

An archival study was conducted to determine the influence of stall warning system performance on aircrew decision-making outcomes during airborne icing encounters. A Conservative Icing Response Bias (CIRB) model was developed to explain the historical variability in aircrew performance in the face of airframe icing. The model combined Bayes’ Theorem with Signal Detection Theory (SDT) concepts to yield testable predictions that were evaluated using a Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) multivariate technique applied to two archives: the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) incident database, and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident databases, both covering the period January 1, 1988 …

Estimating Reliability Indices And Confidence Intervals For Transit And Traffic At The Corridor Level, Travis B. Glick

PSU Transportation Seminars

As congestion worsens, the importance of rigorous methodologies to estimate travel-time reliability increases. Exploiting fine-granularity transit GPS data, this research proposes a novel method to estimate travel-time percentiles and confidence intervals. Novel transit reliability measures based on travel-time percentiles are proposed to identify and rank low-performance hotspots; the proposed reliability measures can be utilized to distinguish peak-hour low performance from whole-day low performance. As a case study, the methodology is applied to a bus transit corridor in Portland, Oregon. Time-space speed profiles, heatmaps, and visualizations are employed to highlight sections and intersections with high travel-time variability and transit low performance. …

Current Efforts To Make Bike Share More Equitable: A Survey Of System Owners And Operators, Steven Howland

PSU Transportation Seminars

The number of public bike share systems has been increasing rapidly across the United States over the past five to ten years. To date most academic research around bike share in the U.S. has focused on the logistics of planning and operationalizing successful systems. Investigations of system users and impacts on the local community are less common, and studies focused on efforts to engage underserved communities in bike share are rarer still. This paper utilizes a survey of representatives from 55 U.S. bike share systems to better understand and document current approaches toward serving low income and minority populations. The …

A New Gaskinetic Model To Analyze Background Flow Effects On Weak Gaseous Jet Flows From Electric Propulsion Devices, Chunpei Cai

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Recent work on studying rarefied background and jet flow interactions is reported. A new gaskinetic method is developed to investigate two closely related problems. The first problem is how a collisionless background flow can affect a highly rarefied jet flow. The rarefied jet and background flow conditions are assumed available and described with seven parameters. Gaskinetic theories are applied and formulas are obtained for the mixture properties. Simulations are performed to validate these expressions, and excellent agreement is obtained. The second problem is to recover the collisionless background and jet flow parameters with limited measurements. A group of linearized equations …

Promoting Information Resources To Students: Using Wordpress To Maintain Library Data Sets, Derek Stadler

Publications and Research

Although it began as a blog tool, WordPress has grown into a complete content management system with thousands of interactive themes available. Since it uses the MySQL database management system, the open-source software suits the needs of library websites by aggregating a college library’s complete database inventory. Rather than update several HTML pages within a site when new vendors are added or a URL is changed, information from vendors can be maintained in a database table and then displayed to students, highlighting available resources and information. The presentation highlights the use of some simple WordPress plugins to manage many aggregators …

Thermal Transport At The Nanoscale: A Fourier's Law Vs. Phonon Boltzmann Equation Study, Jan Kaiser, T. Feng, Jesse Maassen, X. Wang, X. Ruan, Mark S. Lundstrom

Other Nanotechnology Publications

Steady-state thermal transport in nanostructures with dimensions comparable to the phonon mean-free-path is examined. Both the case of contacts at different temperatures with no internal heat generation and contacts at the same temperature with internal heat generation are considered. Fourier’s Law results are compared to finite volume method solutions of the phonon Boltzmann equation in the gray approximation. When the boundary conditions are properly specified, results obtained using Fourier’s Law without modifying the bulk thermal conductivity are in essentially exact quantitative agreement with the phonon Boltzmann equation in the ballistic and diffusive limits. The errors between these two limits are …

Record: Temporarily Randomized Encoding Of Combinational Logic For Resistance To Data Leakage From Hardware Trojan, Travis E. Schulze, Kevin Kwiat, Charles Kamhoua, Shih Chieh Chang, Yiyu Shi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Many design companies have gone fabless and rely on external fabrication facilities to produce chips due to increasing cost of semiconductor manufacturing. However, not all of these facilities can be considered trustworthy; some may inject hardware Trojans and jeopardize the security of the system. One common objective of hardware Trojans is to a establish side channel for data leakage. While extensive literature exists on various defensive measures, almost all of them focus on preventing the establishment of side channels and can be compromised if attackers gain access to the physical chip and can perform reverse engineering between multiple fabrication runs. …

Simulation Of Dust Grain Charging Under Tokamak Plasma Conditions, Zhuang Liu, Dezhen Wang, Gennady Miloshevsky

School of Nuclear Engineering Faculty Publications

Dust grains in fusion devices may be radioactive, contain toxic substances, and may penetrate into the core plasma resulting in the termination of plasma discharges. Therefore, it is important to study the charging mechanisms of dust grains under tokamak's plasma conditions. In this paper, the charging processes of carbon dust grains in fusion plasmas are investigated using the developed dust simulation (DS) code. The Orbital Motion Limited (OML) theory, which is a common tool when solving dust-charging problems, is used to study the charging of dust grains due to the collection of plasma ions and electrons. The secondary electron emission …

Open-Source Automated Mapping Four-Point Probe, Handy Chandra, Spencer W. Allen, Shane W. Oberloier, Nupur Bihari, Jephias Gwamuri, Joshua M. Pearce

Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications

Scientists have begun using self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printers to manufacture open source digital designs of scientific equipment. This approach is refined here to develop a novel instrument capable of performing automated large-area four-point probe measurements. The designs for conversion of a RepRap 3-D printer to a 2-D open source four-point probe (OS4PP) measurement device are detailed for the mechanical and electrical systems. Free and open source software and firmware are developed to operate the tool. The OS4PP was validated against a wide range of discrete resistors and indium tin oxide (ITO) samples of different thicknesses both pre- and …

Webinar: Improving Walkability At Signalized Intersections With Signal Control Strategies, Edward J. Smaglik, Sirisha Murthy Kothuri

TREC Webinar Series

The goal of signal timing at an intersection should be to maximize efficiency for all users. In many jurisdictions, however, traffic signals are timed mostly with the goal of reducing vehicular delay.

Other road users, such as pedestrians, deserve similar focus. In legacy transportation systems, pedestrians experience delays much in excess of those that would be deemed acceptable for a motor vehicle at the same location.

Excessive delay can lead to pedestrian frustration, non-compliance and ultimately decreased safety.

In the North American context, implementation of strategies to address pedestrian service varies greatly across jurisdictions, and there has been limited research …

Analysis Of Biofouling Effect On The Fatigue Life And Energy Performance Of Wave Energy Converter System, Shun-Han Yang, Jonas W. Ringsberg, Erland Johnson

MARENER 2017

This study presents an analysis of a wave energy converter (WEC) system consisting of a buoy, a mooring system, and a power cable connected to a hub. The design service life of the investigated WEC is 25 years. During this long period, its service life will be influenced by marine biofouling due to the biological activity in the water.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of biofouling with regard to the energy performance of the WEC and the fatigue lives of the mooring lines and power cable. The marine biofouling is modelled by an increase in …

Compliant Strategy For Shipowners: A Decision Framework For Air Emission Reduction Measures, Fabio Ballini Dr., Aditya Srivastava, Aykut Ölcer Dr.

MARENER 2017

The main aim of the paper is to develop a decision framework for ship owners to comply with the emission reduction regulations. Various measures available to ship owners will be analysed. This paper will discuss the need of Carbon Tax or Market Based Measures in the maritime market. A comparison between the market-based measures, operational measures, carbon tax and abatement measures for averting air emissions of carbon equivalent will be made.

An overview of air emissions caused by the shipping sector will be given along with the methods to keep records of air emissions. There are no uniform standardised methods …

Ocean Renewable Power Company, James Donegan

MARENER 2017

No abstract provided.

Norsepower Rotor Sail Solution, Jukka Kuuskoski

MARENER 2017

The Norsepower Rotor Sail Solution is a modernized version of the Flettner rotor – a spinning cylinder that uses the Magnus effect to harness wind power to propel a ship. When the wind conditions are favourable, Norsepower Rotor Sails allow the main engines to be throttled back, saving fuel and reducing emissions while providing the power needed to maintain speed and voyage time. Rotor sails can be used with new vessels or they can be retrofitted to existing ships.

Norsepower's first delivery project with two 18-metre Rotor Sails has been completed on board Bore's 9,700 DWT Ro-Ro carrier MS Estraden. …

Biomimetic Improvement Of Hydrodynamic Performance For Tidal Turbines, Weichao Shi

MARENER 2017

No abstract provided.

Balancing The Navigational Safety, Efficiency & Financial Aspects Of Oreis, Raza Ali Mehdi

MARENER 2017

The increasing number and sizes of offshore renewable energy installations (OREIs), combined with the ambitious plans for future developments in the sector, portray a bleak outlook for ‘traditional’ maritime and marine players: if the current plans for OREIs are realized, sea-space will become increasingly restricted for activities such as shipping.

Sustained growth of both OREIs and shipping may thus lead to situations where certain risk control options (RCOs) need to be adapted in order to maintain safety – despite the fact that such measures themselves may be counter-productive in terms of energy efficiency or financial sustainability. This leads to the …

Cfd Simulations Of A Passively Controlled Point Absorber, Minghao Wu, Weizhi Wang, Johannes Palm, Claes Eskilsson

MARENER 2017

No abstract provided.

Into The Real World: Assessing The Value Of Wind Assist Technology, Benjamin Howett, T. Cui, M. Kui, O. Turan, A. H. Day, A. Incecik

MARENER 2017

No abstract provided.

Lighting Standards For Ship And Alternative Solutions For Energy Efficiency, Efe Akyurek

MARENER 2017

Lighting has an important role amongst human life. In this respect, an adequate lighting on board gives moral, motivation also helps to improve safety and security for ships’ crew. This paper aims to both determine an adequate lighting for crew and bring energy efficiency with optimal lighting considering existing regulations on shipboard lighting. After a brief introduction, on the first part the preferred lighting tendencies to be discussed at maritime regulatory base including SOLAS, MLC with comparing ILO 92/133 Conventions. The second part initially defines optimal lighting for crew accommodation and working areas with demonstrating an example on a river …

Overcoming The Challenges To Maritime Energy Efficiciency In The Caribbean Region, Deniece Aiken

MARENER 2017

Maritime energy efficiency in the Caribbean appears to be predicated on two key requirements; regulatory controls over the vessels operating in the region and the availability and use of efficient technology. While many Caribbean territories have ratified MARPOL AnnexVI, implementation of the standards therein, presents challenges that are familiar to maritime administrators of the region. These challenges include insufficient resources and inadequate implementation of relevant standards. These issues have traditionally plagued the region. The paucity of data and monitoring in this part of the world also contributes to ineffective policy interventions. There is also a need to identify the gap …