Engineering Commons^™

Influence Of Solar Heating On The Performance Of Integrated Solar Cell Microstrip Patch Antennas, Maria Roo Ons, S. Shynu, M Seredynski, Max Ammann, Sarah Mccormack, Brian Norton

Articles

The integration of microstrip patch antennas with photovoltaics has been proposed for applications in autonomous wireless communication systems located on building façades. Full integration was achieved using polycrystalline silicon solar cells as both antenna ground plane and direct current power generation in the same device. An overview of the proposed photovoltaic antenna designs is provided and the variation characterised of the electromagnetic properties of the device with temperature and solar radiation. Measurements for both copper and solar antennas are reported on three different commercial laminates with contrasting values for thermal coefficient of the dielectric constant.

A Novel Approach To Predicting The Lifetime Of Elastomers Undergoing Stress Relaxation, Stephen Ronan

Doctoral

his work opens with a broad overview of several factors influencing the behaviour of elastomeric materials under constant deformation. Following this, an evaluation of the common difficulties surrounding industry-standard lifetime prediction methods is presented. Subsequently, a novel method for the lifetime prediction of stress relaxation in elastomeric materials under constant deformation is introduced. Experimental testing to determine the influence of filler type and content was conducted on several natural rubber materials. The effect of altering the vulcanising agent, crosslink density and mixing time was also examined. Chemiluminescence was used to determine the influence that oxidation has on the overall life …

Electrical And Optical Properties Of Carbon Nanotube Intra-Connects And Conductive Polymers, Seon Woo Lee

Dissertations

Growth of individual carbon nanotube (CNT) intra-connects (bridges) between two prefabricated electrodes is a great challenge and a pre-requisite to the development of single electron devices. In this thesis, CNT intra-connects were fabricated and studied. Later on, the intra-connects were deposited with electrically conductive polymer (ECP) in the realization of CNT/ECP hybrids.

The process started by realizing two electrodes with sharp end on a silicon wafer using e-beam lithography. The intra-connects were then grown by use of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The intra-connects were later electroplated by various conductive polymers. The morphology, electrical conductivity of these intra-connects as well …

Practical Localized Waves Generation, Mohamed Ahmed Salem

Dissertations

Since the early works on localized waves (LW), extensive results were published on this important subject, from both the theoretical and the experimental points of view. Nevertheless, those experimental techniques of LW generation suffer from several shortcomings. A major one is that only pulse peaks were accredited. Either the full profile of the generated pulse was not reported, or it was not closely matching the theoretical profile. Additionally, low resolutions of the generated LWs were reported in the acoustic X-Waves. The conductors of the experiment attributed this effect to the limited bandwidth of the excitation elements.

The interest in the …

Electrohydrodynamic Manipulation Of Multiphase Fluids, Sai C. Nudurupati

Dissertations

In microfluidic devices, the fluid can be manipulated either as continuous streams or droplets. The latter is particularly attractive as individual droplets can not only move but also split and fuse, thus offer a greater flexibility in applications such as a laboratory-on- a-chip. In this thesis, a technique is developed that uses an externally applied electric field for manipulating and removing particles trapped on the surface of a drop. The drop is assumed to be immersed in another liquid with which it is immiscible, and the electric field is generated by placing electrodes on the sides of the microdevice. Both …

Model For Reinforced Concrete Members Under Torsion, Bending, And Shear. Ii: Model Application And Validation, Gary Greene, Abdeldjelil Belarbi

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A model was recently proposed for predicting the load-deformation response of a reinforced concrete member under torsion combined with bending and shear to spalling or ultimate. This paper shows the application of the model to create interaction surfaces to predict the failure of a member subjected to different ratios of applied torsion, bending, and shear. the model was validated by comparing the predicted and experimental behavior of 28 members from three experimental studies available in the literature. the members were loaded under torsion combined with different ratios of bending, and shear. the torque-twist behavior, reinforcement stress, and concrete surface strain …

Model For Reinforced Concrete Members Under Torsion, Bending, And Shear. I: Theory, Gary Greene, Abdeldjelil Belarbi

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A model has been developed that can predict the load-deformation response of a reinforced concrete (RC) member subjected to torsion combined with bending and shear to spalling or ultimate capacity. the model can also be used to create interaction surfaces to predict the failure of a member subjected to different ratios of applied torsion, bending, and shear. the model idealizes the sides of a reinforced concrete member as shear "wall panels." the applied loads are distributed to the wall panels as uniform normal stresses and uniform shear stresses. the shear stress due to an applied torsional moment and shear force …

Preliminary Modelling Results For An Otto Cycle/Stirling Cycle Hybrid-Engine-Based Power Generation System, Barry Cullen, Jim Mcgovern, Michel Feidt, Stoian Petrescu

Conference Papers

This paper presents preliminary data and results for a system mathematical model for a proposed Otto Cycle / Stirling Cycle hybrid-engine-based power generation system. The system is a combined cycle system with the Stirling cycle machine operating as a bottoming cycle on the Otto cycle exhaust. The application considered is that of a stationary power generation scenario wherein the Stirling cycle engine operates as a waste heat recovery device on the exhaust stream of the Otto cycle engine. This paper is primarily concerned with the development of a model for a suitable Stirling cycle engine capable of running on the …

Development Of A Toolbox For The Kinematic Evaluation Of Hands-Up Video Games, Brooke Marie Odle

Theses

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often have limited upper extremity (UE) control, Virtual reality (VR) is a current technology being evaluated as a form of UE therapy for children with CP, The systems currently available have been developed with games that cannot be graded to match the skill level of children with severely impaired UE control. A novel video game platform, "Hands-Up", has been developed at New Jersey Institute of Technology. The platform features software that allows for the customization of games and encourages users to make purposeful UE movements. To quantify changes and improvement in movement due to increased …

Water Purification In Haiti : An Engineers Without Borders Project, Melissa Valoura

Theses

The objective of this thesis was to present the necessary steps to help a town in Haiti develop an organization focused on improving their water quality. It goes through the technology needed to create the organization and explains the procedures for implementing a charitable project in a foreign country. A narrative of the student project in Milot, Haiti, where students from the New Jersey Institute of Technology's Engineers Without Borders Chapter implemented a water purification project, explains the course of action that was taken and gives an example of a successful project. A summary of Haiti and its history paints …

Non-Foster Matching Of An Rfid Antenna, Nedime Pelin Yalcin

Theses

In this thesis, novel designs of radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas with better matching characteristics to achieve extended range for passive tags have been investigated in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band. A variety of cavitybacked/coupled microstrip dipole antennas in 915 MHz range were considered. Additionally, a negative impedance converter designed to cancel out antenna's input capacitance at resonance frequency and to produce the real antenna input impedance was designed, simulated and implemented for an RFID antenna. Numerical simulations have been carried out using ORCAD software package (Cadence), ADS software package (Agilent) and HFSS software package (ANSYS/ANSOFT Inc). Antennas have been …

Formation Flight Of Earth Satellites On Kam Tori, Christopher T. Craft

Theses and Dissertations

Kolmogorov, Arnold and Moser (KAM) theory provides that orbits of satellites whose dynamics are representable by an integrable Hamiltonian plus a small, real perturbation lie on tori in phase space and remain on the KAM tori for all time, unless acted upon by a non-conservative force. A refined technique for constructing KAM tori for Earth-orbiting satellites is developed and implemented using numerically integrated orbital data for hypothetical satellites and involving methods of Fourier analysis and spectral decomposition. Definition of satellite formations on the KAM tori is performed and analyses conducted to investigate both constellations with large separations and clusters with …

Evaluation Of Activated Carbon As A Reactive Cap Sorbent For Sequestration Of Pcbs In Presence Of Humic Acid, Bhawana Sharma, Kevin H. Gardner, Jeffrey S. Melton, Amy Hawkins, Gregory Tracey

Civil & Environmental Engineering

This study investigated the interferences caused by high humic acid concentrations on the adsorption of coplanar and noncoplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on coconut shell activated carbon. In particular, the research focuses on the application of activated carbon as a reactive cap for contaminated sediment sites, a possible intervention to reduce contaminant flux through pore water, and to organisms in aquatic environments. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were conducted using activated carbon as a sorbent for individual PCB congeners including BZ 1, 52, 77, 153, and 169, respectively, in the presence and absence of humic acid. Results showed that preloading of activated …

Waves In Inhomogeneous Solids, Arkadi Berezovski, Mihhail Berezovski, Juri Engelbrecht

Publications

The paper aims at presenting a numerical technique used in simulating the propagation of waves in inhomogeneous elastic solids. The basic governing equations are solved by means of a finite-volume scheme that is faithful, accurate, and conservative. Furthermore, this scheme is compatible with thermodynamics through the identification of the notions of numerical fluxes (a notion from numerics) and of excess quantities (a notion from irreversible thermodynamics). A selection of one-dimensional wave propagation problems is presented, the simulation of which exploits the designed numerical scheme. This selection of exemplary problems includes (i) waves in periodic media for weakly nonlinear waves with …

Automatic Detection Of Slip-Induced Backward Falls, Jian Liu, Thurmon E. Lockhart

Computer Sciences and Electrical Engineering Faculty Research

Falls are the leading cause of injury deaths among people 65 years and older. The National Safety Council reported that in 2005, 17,700 Americans met their death by falling, and of these deaths, the majority (over 80%) were people over 65 years of age [1]. It is certainly desirable to avoid the fall accidents altogether through developing a comprehensive fall prevention program [2]. However, in case of unavoidable falls, an effective injury-prevention technology is critical to minimize/reduce fall-related physical injuries. Recently, the concept of wearable airbag [3] emerged as one viable and promising injury-prevention approach.

Fabrication Of Polyvinyl Alcohol Arrays And The Direct Electrochemistry Of Adsorbed Cytochrome C, Yu-Hua Qin, Ruo-Kun Jia, Qing-Juan Wei, Li Ma, Xiao-Hui Guan, Nan Lv

Journal of Electrochemistry

Regular polyvinyl alcohol arrays were prepared with porous polystyrene films by a self-assembly method. Cyt c immobilized on PVA microlens arrays modified glassy carbon electrodes gave a pair of stable,well-defined and quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetric peaks at about 0.072 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in 0.1 mol/L PBS buffer (pH = 6.89) solution. The effects of scan rate,pH and concentration of buffers on the electrochemical behaviors of Cyt c were studied in detail. The apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k⁰) was evaluated to be 2.98×10^-6 cm·s^-1.

Synthesis And Characterization For A New Organic Cathode Material Of Lithium-Ion Batteries——Poly Sulfurized Chloranilic Acid(Psca), Kai Liu, Jian-Ming Zheng, Gui-Ming Zhong, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A new organic cathode material,poly sulfurized chloranilic acid(PSCA),has been successfully synthesized for lithium-ion batteries. 13C solid state NMR and FTIR results indicated that the chorine in chronailic acid was substituted by sulfur after sulfurization. The electrochemical measurements showed that the initial discharge capacity of PSCA was up to 287.6 mAh/g,and 169.9 mAh/g still remained after 100 cycles when cycled between 1.5～3.6 V at the current density of 15 mA/g.

Silicon Silver Composite Materials For Li-Ion Batteries, Lian-Bang Wang, Xiao-Bo Dai, Xin-Yan Zhu, Xin-Biao Mao, Chun-An Ma

Journal of Electrochemistry

properties of the composites were determined by charge-discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry. The composite composed of Si∶Ag with an atomic ratio of 1∶1 (sample 1#) showed good cyclic stability and charge-discharge reversibility. The reversible capacity of the composite (sample 1#) was remained over 300 mAh·g^-1 after 50 cycles. Experimental results showed that controlling the potential range of charge-discharge processes could enhance the cyclic performance of alloy materials.

Synergism Of Complex Additives Of Dtab+Ktl For Zinc Corrosion Inhibition In Koh Solutions, Sheng-Zhou Lin, Zeng-Xin Cai, Gui-Sheng Wang, He-Bing Zhou, Wei-Shan Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical behaviors of Zn in 3mol/L KOH solution containing several kinds of inhibitors were investigated by weight-loss,electrochemical methods and SEM. The results showed that both the single ad-ditive and the mixed additives can suppress the corrosion of zinc in 3 mol/LKOH solution. And the inhibition ef-feciency of the mixed additives is higher than that of any single additive because of the synergistic effect between KTL and DTAB. The adsorption of DTAB on the surface of zinc has been enhanced in the presence of KTL.

A Study On The Lifepo4/Mwcnts Cathode Materials For Li-Ion Batteries, You-Yi Peng, Hai-Yan Zhang, Chun-Hua He, Wei Xie, Zhi-Feng Zeng

Journal of Electrochemistry

The LiFePO₄/MWCNTs composite was synthesized by ball milling,then the composite electrode was assembled into button lithium-ion batteries.The structure and morphology of the samples,the electrochemical performance of the electrodes were investigated by ways of X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge capacity tests. The electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes with different MWNTs contents were studied. The results indicated that the composite electrode containing 10% MWCNTs(by mass)exhibited the most excellent electrochemical performance with the initial charge-discharge capacities of 139 mAh·g^-1,128.5 mAh·g^-1,respectively,and a Kulun efficiency of 92.4% at 0.1C rate under room temperature.Compared to the electrodes …

A Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell With Fecopc2-Catalysed Cathode, Jin-Fu Ma, Yan Liu, Jun-Hua Lai, Yong-Ning Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper,a membraneless direct borohydride fuel cell was investigated. Cyclic voltammograms of FeCoPc₂-modified glassy carbon electrode in the alkaline solution show that FeCoPc₂ was active for oxygen reduction reaction. In addition, the steady-state polarization curve tests indicate that FeCoPc₂ had better activity than FePc,CoPc or FePc+CoPc, which is due to its conjugated effect and synergistic effect of Fe and Co. Finally, a maximum power density of 110 mW/cm² was attained, and the 25-day life test shows that the direct borohydride fuel cell had a good stability.

Simultaneous Determination Of Uric Acid(Ua) And Ascorbic Acid(Aa) At Pca/Gc Electrode, Ren Wang, Ying Zhang, Jie Ding

Journal of Electrochemistry

Poly(cinnamic acid)-modified electrode (PCA /GC) was prepared by potentiostatic technique and was used for determination of uric acid (UA),ascorbic acid (AA),and their mixture by cyclic voltammetry. This modified electrode exhibited a potent and persistent electron-mediating behavior followed by well-separated oxidation peaks toward UA and AA at a scan rate of 50 mV·s^-1 with a potential difference of 280 mV,which is large enough to determine UA and AA individually and simultaneously. The catalytic peak current obtained was linearly dependent on the UA and AA concentrations in the range of 2.0×10^-6~1.0×10^-4 mol·L^-1,2.0×10^-5~6.0×10^-4 mol·L …

The Electrochemical Behavior Of Daunorubicin Hydrochloride On Galactic Disk Electrode And Its Reaction With Bsa, Hong-Fen Cheng, Yong Zhang, Jie Liu, Yan-Mei Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

This article used the linear sweep voltammetry and the circulation voltammetry to study the electrochemical behavior of daunorubicin hydrochloride on galactic disk electrode and its electrode reaction with BSA.Also it studied the interaction of daunorubicin hydrochloride with BSA.The results showed that daunorubicin hydrochloride has a sensitive reduction peak at -0.64 V(vs. SCE) in pH 6.50 Britton-Robinson buffer.The valus of reductions peak current reduced by the addition of BSA to the above mentioned solution.A new electrochemical determination method of bovine serum albumin was developed based on the interaction of daunorubicin hydrochloride with BSA.Furthermore,under the optimized condition,the decrease of the reduction peak …

Redox State Of Polyaniline Nanodot And Its Coulomb Staircase Effect, Jian-Zhang Zhou, Shao-Huang Weng, Zhong-Hua Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

Polyaniline nanodot array had been fabricated in AAO template with potentiostatic method and the I~V characteristics of nanodots with different redox states were measured by conducting atomic force microscope (C-AFM) in atmosphere at room temperature. We found that only nanodots in partial oxidation state exhibit coulomb staircase in the I~V curves,while those in the full oxidation state and reduced state do not. The above phenomena were discussed preliminarily.

Electrochemical Reduction Of Nitrobenzene In Different Ionic Liquids, Jun-Li Fan, Wei-Lin Ye, Rong Wang, Li-Qun Xu, Xia-Qin Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene at glassy carbon electrode in different ionic liquids,such as N-methylimidazolium-p-toluene sulfonic acid ([Mim][PhSO₃]) and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim][PF₆]) have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Experimental results showed that only a cathodic current peak was observed in [Mim][PhSO₃],which is a diffusional controlled irreversible reaction. And two pairs of current peaks were obtained in [Bmim][PF₆] in the same potential range,indicating showed that the reduction products of nitrobenzene were different in different ionic liquids.

Electrochemical Studies On The Ionic Charge Transfer Properties Of The Oxygen Vacancy Defects In The Oxide Films Formed On Titanium, De-Sheng Kong, Hai-Yan Liu, Wen-Juan Fan, Wen-Hua Lv, Zhang-Yu Yu, Yuan-Yuan Feng

Journal of Electrochemistry

The ionic charge transfer properties of the oxygen vacancy point defects in TiO₂ films formed on titanium were studied in 1.0 mol·L^-1 HClO₄ solution with cyclic voltammetry,potentiostatic polarization,galvanostatic reduction and capacitance measurements. The measured capacitance data were analyzed based on the Mott-Schottky equation and Einstein equation. Based on the different response times to the changes of the applied electric field between the ionic and the electronic charge transfers,the diffusion coefficient of the point defects in the anodic oxide film on titanium was estimated. It was shown that the passive potential region for titanium in 1.0 mol·L^{-1 …}

Composite Micro-Porous Polymer Electrolyte Of Pvdf-Hfp Modified By Mcm-48, Wei-Feng Wu, Chang-Chun Yang, Su-Jiao He, Bing-Bing Zhang, Song Xu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The composite micro-porous polymer electrolyte (CMPE) of PVDF-HFP modified by meso-porous molecular sieves of MCM-48 was prepared by phase-inversion process. The ionic conductivity and Li⁺ transference number of the polymer electrolyte were raised,respectively,by 97%(from 0.89 mS/cm to 1.75 mS/cm) and 39%(from 0.57 to 0.79),when 4%(by mass) MCM-48 was added in. Meanwhile,the crystallinity and electrochemical stability of the polymer electrolyte had not been changed by the addition of MCM-48. The charge-discharge efficiency of the button cell assembled with the composite membrane (Li/4%MCM-48-CMPE/LiFePO₄) was 91% in the first cycle,and no loss of capacity was found even after 30 cycles. …

Strain Energy And Lateral Friction Force Distributions Of Carbon Nanotubes Manipulated Into Shapes By Atomic Force Microscopy, Mark C. Strus, Roya R. Lahiji, Pablo Ares, Vincente Lopez, Arvind Raman, Ron R. Reifenberger

Other Nanotechnology Publications

The interplay between local mechanical strain energy and lateral frictional forces determines the shape of carbon nanotubes on substrates. In turn, because of its nanometer-size diameter, the shape of a carbon nanotube strongly influences its local electronic, chemical, and mechanical properties. Few, if any, methods exist for resolving the strain energy and static frictional forces along the length of a deformed nanotube supported on a substrate. We present a method using nonlinear elastic rod theory in which we compute the flexural strain energy and static frictional forces along the length of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) manipulated into various shapes …

Crystallization And Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviors Of Amorphous And Nanocrystalline Fe-Based Alloys, Xiang Li, Biao Yan, Peng Dong

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this study,amorphous Fe₇₈Si₁₃B₉ and Fe_73.5Si_13.5B₉Nb₃Cu₁ ribbons were prepared by the chill block melt-spinning process and nanocrystalline Fe_73.5Si_13.5B₉Nb₃Cu₁ ribbons were obtained by annealing. The amorphous ribbons and their crystallization processes were identified by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A comparative study of the electrochemical corrosion behaviors of  Fe₇₈Si₁₃B₉ and Fe_73.5Si_13.5B₉Nb₃Cu₁ amorphous and nanocrystallized alloys was performed by linear polarization method …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Sulfur-Carbonnanotubes As Cathode Of Lithium/Sulfur Rechargeable Battery, Rui Du, Zhong-Zhi Yuan

Journal of Electrochemistry

A carbon-containing composite was synthesized by heating element sulfur and carbon nanotubes. The sulfur-carbonnanotube composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. The electrochemical property was characterized by cyclic voltammetry,constant current charge and discharge. It was revealed that the sulfur-carbonnanotube cathode 2016-type coin cells exhibited a good electrochemical property with the initial dicharge specific capacity up to 680 mAh/g and a stable capacity approximately 500 mAh/g after 30 cycle numbers.