Engineering Commons^™

H∞Norm And Variance Constrained Controller Design For Perturbed Stochastic System Via Variable Structure Control, Wen-Jer Chang, Koan-Yuh Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Based on the concept of variable structure control, this paper investigates the upper bound covariance assignment with H∞ norm and variance constrained problem for perturbed stochastic systems. Because of the invariance property of variable structure systems, the matched perturbation of the system disappears on the sliding mode. With the aid of Ito-formula, the controller u(t) is proposed. Combining the sliding phase and hitting phase of the system design, the control feedback gain matrix G is derived to achieve upper bound covariance assignment with H∞ norm and variance constraints.

Vibration Analysis Of Pre-Twisted Beams Using The Spline Collocation Method, Ming-Hung Hsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The variation in the accuracy of the calculated natural frequencies of pre-twisted beams solved with spline collocation method is investigated in this study. The spline collocation method is used to formulate the eigenvalue problems of pre-twisted beams. Three types of boundary conditions are considered. Numerical results indicate that the accuracy of the calculated natural frequencies is significantly dependent upon the pre-twisted angle of the non-uniform beam. Results that show that spline collocation method is very competitive for the vibration analysis of pre-twisted beams are presented.

Labview-Based Fuzzy Controller Design Of A Lighting Control System, Mou-Lin Jin, Ming-Chun Ho

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper describes how we design a lighting control system including hardware and software. Hardware includes light sensing circuit, control circuit, and 8255 expanding I/O circuit, PC, and bulb. Sensing circuit uses photo-resistance component to sense the environmental light and then transmit the signal of the lightness to the computer through an 8-bit A/D converter 0804. The control circuit applies reed relay in digital control way to adjust the variable resistor value of the traditional dimmer. Software incorporates LABVIEW graphical programming language and MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox to design the light fuzzy controller. The rule-base of the fuzzy logic controller …

Catamaran Motion Simulation Based On Moving Grid Technique, Ebrahim Jahanbakhsh, Roozbeh Panahi, Mohammad Saeed Seif

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

General purpose software is developed to simulate 6-DoF fluid-structure interaction in two-phase viscous flow. It is a VoF-fractional step solver based on the finite-volume discretization which uses a boundary-fitted body-attached hexahedral grid as the motion simulation strategy. As an application, a high-speed planing catamaran is simulated in steady forward motion as well as in turning maneuver. Results are compared with the available data and good qualitative and quantitative agreements are achieved. Numerical schemes and the solution algorithm of the software are consistent and show a good capability to model highly nonlinear ship motions. It can be further developed to represent …

Evaluation Of Highway Maintenance Performance Using Data Envelopment Analysis (Dea) In Taiwan, Lung-Chuang Wang, Hsiu-Yu Tsai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is utilized in this study to evaluate the performance of 31 highway maintenance sections belonging to the Directorate General of Highways (DGH). The input data are total amount of budget, manpower, and machines, and the output data are length of highway, routine expenditure on maintenance, budget for salvage, and the revenue from helping digging and mending roads. In order to make the analysis fit to the goals of highway maintenance sections, the weights of some inputs and outputs are restricted. The analytical models of CCR and BCC are used to estimate productive efficiency, technical efficiency, and …

Investigation Of Longitudinal Elastic Wave Propagation Through Intersecting Welded Bars, Ming-Te Liang, Chiou-Jenn Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The main purpose of this paper is to express a general formulation for the theoretical analysis of longitudinal elastic wave propagation through a general and in particular the T and ┼ junctions. The bar joint is modeled as a rigid block. The bars are assumed to be all of the same thickness but may differ in width and may be of different materials. Elementary theory is applied to investigate the propagation of longitudinal wave. The present study indicates that for a T junction there would be no transmission of the longitudinal elastic wave. For a ┼ junction there would be …

Behavior Of Chemically Dispersed Oil In Marine Sediment, Jian Hua

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This laboratory study was to describe properties of four chemically dispersed oils within natural beach sands. The influence of temperature on the adsorption characteristics of dispersed oil to marine sediment was almost negligible, within 10 to 30°C. With certain amount of oil and varied dispersant/oil ratio, oil in top sediments following flushing was not affected by the increase in dispersant application. The application dosage of dispersant had no more influence on releasing oil to deeper sediment or water than the amount of oil applied. When the outflow rate of flushing water doubled, the amounts of oil retained in surface sediment …

Kalman Filter Effective To Hydrologic Routing?, Yang-Liang Jeng, Rong-Che Chen, Chao-He Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Intake-generated tumbling motion has been recently proposed to enhance the turbulence level during compression stroke to promote the combustion rate and reduce operation variations. This study is to investigate the quality of the tumbling motion, especially for the engine with a bowl-in-piston. To overcome the difficulties on the flow visualization caused by the high-speed motion of a real engine, a transparent water-analogy-simulation system is designed based on similarity analysis and fabricated to model the operation of an actual engine. Benchmark tests including the qualitative flow visualization and quantitative full-field measurements using a high-speed PIA system have been conducted to study …

Wave Forces On A Large Structure In The Presence Of A Current, Sung-Shan Hsiao, Ming-Chung Lin

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The wave forces acting on a large structure in the presence of a current have been investigated numerically. It is noted that the velocity potential in a wave-current coexisting field can be separated into an unsteady wave potential and a steady current potential. The unsteady wave potential with effects of both a uniform current and a large structure was calculated by using boundary element method. The steady current potential can be expressed as the sum of a uniform current and a steady disturbance due to the existence of the structure. This means that current velocity will be changed in the …

Real Time Implementation Of Frost Beamformer For Underwater Communications, Hsien-Sen Hung, Shun-Hsyung Chang, Suan-Lin Chen, Chi-Wen Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this paper, we investigate the performance of Frost’s linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) adaptive beamformer via computer simulations for QPSK signals transmitted over Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. Simulation results show that the Frost beamformer can still improve the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, even over fading channels. For real-time underwater communications, a prototype system is implemented, which uses TMS320C40 digital signal processor chip for realization of the Frost beamformer. Through experiments in an acoustic trough the validity of the real-time Frost beamformer prototype system is verified, and the feasibility of its use in underwater communications is assessed.

A Hybrid Biofuel Cell Based On Electrooxidation Of Glucose Using Ultra-Small Silicon Nanoparticles, Yongki Choi, Gang Wang, Munir H. Nayfeh, Siu-Tung Yau

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The ultra-small silicon nanoparticle was shown to be an electrocatalyst for the electrooxidation of glucose. The oxidation appeared to be a first order reaction which involves the transfer of 1 electron. The oxidation potential showed a low onset of −0.4V vs. Ag/AgCl (−0.62V vs. RHE). The particle was used as the anode catalyst of a prototype hybrid biofuel cell, which operated on glucose and hydrogen peroxide. The output power of the hybrid cell showed a dependence on the enzymes used as the cathode catalyst. The power density was optimized to 3.7μW/cm² when horseradish peroxidase was …

Decision Analysis For Construction Contract Risk-Sharing, Teh-Chang Lee, Ta-Hsing Lee, Ching-Hwang Wang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

As the risk-sharing provisions in domestic public construction contracts are not completely fair and reasonable, contract disputes often arise as a result which in turn cause delays, quality impacts, and other problems that urgently need improvement. Introduced in this article is the development of a decision system for risk-sharing in public construction contracts. Said system was developed through literature review, questionnaire and interviews of experts, fuzzy synthetic evaluation in conjunction of analytic hierarchy process, definition of risks in public construction contracts, and establishment of decision models for risk-sharing. Subsequently, the “escalation” risk was employed as an example to select suitable …

Residual Vibrations Of Electrostatic Micro-Actuators With Novel Shaped Cantilevers, Ming-Hung Hsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper subjects electrostatic curved electrode actuators with novel shaped cantilevers to nonlinear dynamic analysis using the differential quadrature method. Numerical results are compared with experimental results to assess the efficiency and systematic procedure of this novel approach for nonlinear differential equations. The pull-in voltages computed for different structures correlate well with published data. Several characteristics of different combinations of shaped cantilevers and curved electrodes are also examined in this paper. Dynamic responses of actuators with novel shapes with several pull-in voltages are determined. The transitional responses for the derived systems are calculated using the Wilson-θ method.

Evaporation Effect In Nonlinear Penetration Of High Energy Beam Drilling, Je-Ee Ho, Chen-Lung Yen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Due to the inappropriate assumption with the neglect of evaporation effect in previous research, a linear penetration behavior with a significant deviation from the experimental result was usually proposed in the lower energy density region. To remedy the defect, the evaporation mass determined from the difference between the melting rate and flow expulsion by pressure difference is reconsider in this study. With a 2-D quasic-steady model based on the enthalpy theory, the uniform penetration velocity estimated from the Stefan boundary condition provides a special advantage in calculating efficiency. Meantime, the divergent iteration has been effectively avoided by setting up a …

Inductively/Capacitively Coupled Conductor-Backed Coplanar Waveguide Bandpass Filters Using Slow-Wave Stepped-Impedance Resonators, Jiunn-Jye Chang, Chih-Hong Sie

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this paper, using the conductor-backed coplanar waveguides (CBCPWs) and the slow-wave stepped-impedance resonators, a second-order and a fourth-order inductively/capacitively coupled bandpass filters are designed, implemented, and measured. For second-order bandpass filter, two H-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) patterns are etched on the backside metallic ground planes of the input and output feedlines, it is found that two attenuation poles exist on both sides of the passband. When compared to the fourth-order bandpass filter without H-shaped DGS, the second-order bandpass filter with H-shaped DGS has compact size and comparable rolloff at the edges of the passband. In addition, the measured …

Breaking Away From The Laboratory: Using Lean-Computing Technology To Merge Theory-Based Learning And Experimentation, Thomas Connolly, Kathy Schmidt, Javier Kypuros

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This ongoing research involves a departure from traditional laboratory instructional practices in that it seeks to forge a closer connection between lecture-based and laboratory courses. As such, the authors have devised a program that: (1) relinquishes a degree of control to students by providing them some flexibility in determining the subject of their experiments and in the development of experimental procedures and protocols, (2) uses mobile experimentation as a powerful and flexible tool in lecture-based coursework, and (3) expands the concept of the “laboratory” to include virtually everything outside of it. A pilot program in mobile experimentation and data acquisition …

Video Technology For Interuniversity Collaboration In A Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory, James Hanson

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Advanced video technology was used to incorporate multi-component (inter-university and university-industry) collaborations in geotechnical engineering laboratory courses. The project was conducted between California Polytechnic State University (California), Auburn University (Alabama), and Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. (Japan). Synchronous video conferencing and asynchronous video communications were used between the partners. The conferencing activities included guest lectures and exchange of assignments. New assignments developed in the study included role-playing whereby one class acted as a client on a project that was ordering geotechnical testing to be completed by the students at the other university acting as a consulting firm. New assignments also included …

A Model For Coordination And Management Of Resources For Multiple Sections Of An Active Learning Style Freshman Course, Jean Nocito-Gobel, Amy Thompson, Carl Barratt, Michael Collura

Engineering and Applied Science Education Faculty Publications

NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract.

Much research in recent years has verified that an active learning style approach to freshman engineering design courses adds value to undergraduate engineering programs and improves retention rates. Many universities have established First Year Programs to coordinate the activities and classes for first year students. However, not all universities have the funds to establish programs separate from disciplinary programs. How can faculty that are not assigned to a First Year Program efficiently manage multiple sections of a hands-on course with limited resources? …

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A Systemic Solution: Elementary Teacher Preparation In Stem Expertise And Engineering Awareness, Louis S. Nadelson, Janet Callahan, Pat Pyke, Anne Hay, Cheryl Schrader

Curriculum, Instruction, and Foundational Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

Research shows that most K-5 teachers are typically required to complete only minimal coursework in science and mathematics, which constrains their knowledge, efficacy, and confidence for teaching STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) content. Additionally, elementary teachers, like much of the general public, have limited comprehension about the relationship between STEM concepts and engineering fields and the kind of work and societal contributions made by engineers. Yet, elementary school is a critical time in which students develop foundational understanding of STEM concepts, career options, and inquiry learning.

To address students' STEM needs and limited teacher preparation, the Idaho SySTEMic Solution …

A Simple, Yet Effective, Demonstration Of Polymeric Mechanical Behavior, Lanny Griffin, Jeffrey Swab

Biomedical Engineering

Developing an appreciation for the mechanical behavior of polymers materials in a lecture mode can be challenging for students if they have not bad the benefit of a laboratory experience . We have developed a simp le demonstration of thermoplastic polymeric behav ior using low-density polyethylene bags. The demonstration illustrates strengthening, rate effects, and directionality of strengthening and stiffness. Following the demonstration, students are better ab le to articulate the influence of structure, properties, processing , and performance as it applies to thermoplastic polymers.

Successes Of An Engineering Residential College Program Within An Emerging Residential Culture, Sondra Miller, Pat Pyke, Amy Moll, Melissa Wintrow, Cheryl Schrader, Janet Callahan

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Boise State University is in the process of transforming from a historically "commuter" campus into a metropolitan research university which includes a growing residential culture (currently 8% of students live in residence halls). First time, full time freshmen age 18 or younger have increased from 61% of the incoming class in 2000 to 72% of the incoming class in 2008. To support our growing residential culture, University Housing, in cooperation with six academic colleges, began the Residential College (RC) program in 2004. Key among the five current RC communities is the College of Engineering. The Engineering Residential College (ERC) admits …

Developing And Assessing A Case Study For Teaching Engineering Entrepreneurship At San Jose State University, Anuradha Basu, Minnie Patel

Faculty Publications

In this paper the authors share their experience of developing a case study for teaching engineering entrepreneurship and subsequently developing assessment and instructional material for the case. We also present the lessons learned from that experience. The authors developed the case study in question on the basis of a survey of engineering students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship6. Our survey showed that many students were interested in entrepreneurship, but were hesitant about starting their own business. We proposed two complementary approaches to learning, namely, case studies and active learning, to enhance the engineering students’ understanding of the entrepreneurial process and dispel some …

Evaluation Of The Benefits Of Oxy-Combustion On Emissions From A Compression Ignition Engine, Thomas A. Salt

Theses and Dissertations

In this research the benefits of applying oxy-combustion in a diesel engine to reduce NOx and particulate emissions were evaluated. The addition of oxygen to the intake in conjunction with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was shown to reduce NOx without an increase in particulate. Indicated specific NOx and particulate emissions for oxygen-enhanced EGR (O-EGR) and EGR without oxygen addition (normal or N-EGR) were compared at three engine loads. NOx emissions correlated with flame temperature for both N-EGR and O-EGR but were slightly lower at a given flame temperature for O-EGR. Flame temperature reduction for N-EGR was primarily through dilution of …

Effects Of Prior Aging At 288°C In Argon Environment On Creep Response Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Pmr-15 Composite With ±45°Fiber Orientation At 288°C, Tyler F. Gruters

Theses and Dissertations

The creep and recovery response of carbon fiber reinforced PMR-15 composite with a + or - 45 fiber orientation was examined in an argon environment at 288 deg C. Mechanical testing was executed for unaged specimens as well as specimens aged up to 1000 hours. Tensile tests were performed to determine Young's modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength. The creep tests were carried out at stress levels of 30 and 60 MPa. Creep periods of 25 hours were followed by recovery periods of 50 hours at zero stress. Weight loss measurements as a function of aging time were taken …

Information Hiding By Stochastic Diffusion And Its Application To Printed Document Authentication, Jonathan Blackledge, Eugene Coyle

Conference papers

The use of image based information exchange has grown rapidly over the years in terms of both e-to-e image storage and transmission and in terms of maintaining paper documents in electronic form. Further, with the dramatic improvements in the quality of COTS (Commercial-Off-The-Shelf) printing and scanning devices, the ability to counterfeit electronic and printed documents has become a widespread problem. Consequently, there has been an increasing demand to develop digital watermarking, information hiding and covert encryption methods which can be applied to both electronic and printed images (and documents) for the purposes of authentication, prevent unauthorized copying and, in the …

Slip Lined Culvert Retrofit And Fish Passage, Joseph Ray Webb

Theses and Dissertations

Culverts throughout the country are approaching or are past their original design lives. These ‘baby boomer’ culverts will need to be repaired, rehabilitated, or replaced. Because entire culvert replacement is so expensive and intrusive, alternate measures to extend the culvert project life are growing increasingly popular. One such method is slip lining, where a ‘sleeve’ is installed within an existing culvert barrel and stabilized. Plastic pipe sleeves are very popular for slip lining primarily because the plastic material's lower Manning's roughness values allow for the culvert capacity to be maintained despite a reduction in culvert size. Unfortunately, the reduced friction …

Phase Tunable Holographic Fabrication For Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Templates By Using A Single Optical Element, Di Xu, Kevin P. Chen, Ahmad Harb, Daniel Rodriguez, Karen Lozano, Yuankun Lin

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper demonstrates a phase tunable holographic fabrication of three-dimensional photonic lattice structures using a single optical element. A top-cut four-side prism is employed to generate five-beam three-dimensional interference patterns. A silica glass slide is inserted into the optical path to adjust the phase of one interfering beam relative to other four beams. The phase control of the interfering laser beam renders the lattice of the interference pattern from a face-center tetragonal symmetry into a high contrast, interconnecting diamondlike symmetry. This method provides a flexible approach to fabricating three-dimensional photonic lattices with improved photonic band structures.

Monte Carlo Green's Function Formalism For The Propagation Of Partially Coherent Light, Scott A. Prahl, David G. Fischer, Donald D. Duncan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present a Monte Carlo-derived Green's function for the propagation of partially spatially coherent fields. This Green's function, which is derived by sampling Huygens-Fresnel wavelets, can be used to propagate fields through an optical system and to compute first- and second-order field statistics directly. The concept is illustrated for a cylindrical f/1 imaging system. A Gaussian copula is used to synthesize realizations of a Gaussian Schell-model field in the pupil plane. Physical optics and Monte Carlo predictions are made for the first- and second-order statistics of the field in the vicinity of the focal plane for a variety of source …

Analysis Of Strain Transfer To Fbg’S For Sensorized Telerobotic End-Effector Applications, Dean Callaghan, Mark Mcgrath, Ginu Rajan, Eugene Coyle, Yuliya Semenova, Gerald Farrell

Books/Book chapters

Sensorized instruments which cater for the measurement of interaction forces during surgical procedures are not available on current commercial Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgical (MIRS) systems. This paper investigates the ef-fectiveness of advanced optical sensing technology (Fiber Bragg Grating) as sur-gical end effector strain/force sensors. The effects of adhesive bonding layer thickness and length are specifically addressed owing to their importance for ef-fective strain transfer and ensuring compactness of the resulting sensing arrange-ment. The strain transfer characteristics of the compound sensing arrangement are evaluated by the examination of shear transfer through the fiber coating and adhe-sive layers. Detailed analysis of the …

Cavity Coupled Aeroramp Injector Combustion Study, Dell T. Olmstead

Theses and Dissertations

The difficulties with fueling of supersonic combustion ramjet engines with hydrocarbon based fuels presents many challenges that are currently being tackled by the Air Force Research Lab Propulsion Directorate Aerospace Propulsion Division. As the scramjet engine designs are scaled up, the need for a better solution to supersonic mixing has led to the development of many different styles of fuel injection. An aerodynamic ramp injector has been shown to have a quantitative improvement over a physical ramp while still achieving desirable mixing characteristics. The objectives for this research was quantifying the performance and operability implications of replacing four 15 degree …