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2005

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Articles 1321 - 1350 of 3074

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Higher Radix Floating-Point Representations For Fpga-Based Arithmetic, Bryan Christopher Catanzaro Apr 2005

Higher Radix Floating-Point Representations For Fpga-Based Arithmetic, Bryan Christopher Catanzaro

Theses and Dissertations

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are increasingly being used for high-throughput floating-point computation. It is forecasted that by 2009, FPGAs will provide an order of magnitude greater sustained floating-point throughput than conventional processors. FPGA implementations of floating-point operators have historically been designed to use binary floating-point representations, as do general purpose processors. Binary representations were chosen as the standard over three decades ago because they provide maximal numerical accuracy per bit of floating-point data. However, the unique nature of FPGA-based computation makes numerical accuracy per unit of FPGA resources a more important measure of the usefulness of a given floating-point …

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Performance Of Concrete Bridge Deck Surface Treatments, Tyler S. Nelsen Apr 2005

Performance Of Concrete Bridge Deck Surface Treatments, Tyler S. Nelsen

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to identify the types of surface treatments available for use on concrete bridge decks and to determine which materials are most capable of providing long-term protection from contamination by chloride ions. The products addressed in this report primarily include urethanes, silicon-based sealers, and epoxies. An extensive literature review was conducted to document common overlay distresses, performance histories, and properties of specific surface treatment products currently available in the industry. In addition, three reports summarizing in-house experiments performed by the Utah Department of Transportation between 1995 and 2003 regarding various types of surface treatments were …

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Design And Performance Of A Thin-Film Calorimeter For Quantitative Characterization Of Photopolymerizable Systems, Todd M. Roper, C. Allan Guymon, Charles E. Hoyle Apr 2005

Design And Performance Of A Thin-Film Calorimeter For Quantitative Characterization Of Photopolymerizable Systems, Todd M. Roper, C. Allan Guymon, Charles E. Hoyle

Faculty Publications

A thin-film calorimeter (TFC) was designed for the quantitative characterization of photopolymerizable systems. A detailed description of its construction indicates the ease with which a TFC can be assembled and the flexibility inherent in its design. The mechanics of operation were optimized to yield a significantly faster instrument response time than other calorimetric methods such as photodifferential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC). The TFC has enhanced sensitivity, more than an order of magnitude greater linear response range to changes in light intensity than that of the photo-DSC, resulting in the ability to measure both smaller and larger signals more accurately. The photopolymerization …

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Composable Timed Automata Models For Real-Time Embedded Systems Middleware, Venkita Subramonian, Christopher Gill, Cesar Sanchez, Henny Sipma Apr 2005

Composable Timed Automata Models For Real-Time Embedded Systems Middleware, Venkita Subramonian, Christopher Gill, Cesar Sanchez, Henny Sipma

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

Middleware for distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems has grown more and more complex in recent years, to address functional and temporal requirements of complex real-time applications. While current approaches for modeling middleware have eased the task of assembling, deploying and configuring middleware and applications, a more formal, fundamental and lower-level set of models is needed to be able to uncover subtle safety and timing errors introduced by interference between computations, particularly in the face of alternative concurrency strategies in the middleware layer. In this paper, we examine how formal models of lower-level middleware building blocks provide an appropriate level of …

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Iterative Segmentation In Keyword Spotting: Relation To Fractional Programming, Marius C. Silaghi Apr 2005

Iterative Segmentation In Keyword Spotting: Relation To Fractional Programming, Marius C. Silaghi

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

This paper addresses the problem of detecting keywords in unconstrained speech. The proposed algorithms search for the speech segment maximizing the average observation probability along the most likely path in the hypothesized keyword model. As known, this approach (sometimes referred to as sliding model method) requires a relaxation of the begin/endpoints of the Viterbi matching, as well as a time normalization of the resulting score. This makes solutions complex (i.e., LN2/2 basic operations for keyword HMM models with L states and utterances with N frames). We present here two alternative (quite simple and efficient) solutions to this problem. a) First …

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Thermochemistry Of La 1-Sr Xfeo 3-Δ Solid Solutions (0.0 ≤ X ≤ 1.0, 0.0 ≤ Δ ≤ 0.5), Jihong Cheng, Alexandra Navrotsky, Xiao Dong Zhou, Harlan U. Anderson Apr 2005

Thermochemistry Of La 1-Sr Xfeo 3-Δ Solid Solutions (0.0 ≤ X ≤ 1.0, 0.0 ≤ Δ ≤ 0.5), Jihong Cheng, Alexandra Navrotsky, Xiao Dong Zhou, Harlan U. Anderson

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A series of compounds with the general formula La1-xSrxFeO3-δ have been synthesized in the complete solid solution range 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 and 0.0 ≤ δ ≤ 0.5 with a variety of heat treatments. High temperature drops solution calorimetry in molten 2PbO·B2O3 at 702 °C was performed to determine their enthalpies of formation from oxides at room temperature. the enthalpy of oxidation involved in the reaction 2FeXFe + V O•• + 0.5O 2(g) = 2Fe Fe• + O OX is independent of oxygen nonstoichiometry in each …

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Bimetallic Pt-Ag And Pd-Ag Nanoparticles, Frank D. Blum, Akira Tokuhiro, Massimo F. Bertino, Carmen M. Doudna Apr 2005

Bimetallic Pt-Ag And Pd-Ag Nanoparticles, Frank D. Blum, Akira Tokuhiro, Massimo F. Bertino, Carmen M. Doudna

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

We report studies of bimetallic nanoparticles with 15%-16% atomic crystal parameters size mismatch. The degree of alloying was probed in a 2-nm Pt core (smallest attainable core size) of Pt-Ag nanoparticles (completely immiscible in bulk) and 20-nm-diameter Pd-Ag nanowires (completely miscible in bulk). Particles were synthesized radiolytically, and depending on the initial parameters, they assume spherical or cylindrical (nanowire) morphologies. In all cases, the metals are seen to follow their bulk alloying characteristics. Pt and Ag segregate in both spherical and wire forms, which indicates that strain due to crystallographic mismatch overcomes the excess surface free energy in the small …

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Personalized Ranking Of Search Results With Implicitly Learned User Interest Hierarchies, Hyoung-Rae Kim, Philip K. Chan Apr 2005

Personalized Ranking Of Search Results With Implicitly Learned User Interest Hierarchies, Hyoung-Rae Kim, Philip K. Chan

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Web search engines are usually designed to serve all users, without considering the interests of individual users. Personalized web search incorporates an individual user's interests when deciding relevant results to return. We propose to learn a user profile, called a user interest hierarchy (UIH), from web pages that are of interest to the user. The user's interest in web pages will be determined implicitly, without directly asking the user. Using the implicitly learned UIH, we study methods that rank the results from a search engine. Experimental results indicate that our personalized ranking methods, when used with a popular search engine, …

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The Use Of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy To Study The Transport Of Biomacromolecules In A Macroporous Support, Anuradha Subramanian, Jennifer Hommerding Apr 2005

The Use Of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy To Study The Transport Of Biomacromolecules In A Macroporous Support, Anuradha Subramanian, Jennifer Hommerding

Papers in Biotechnology

Large-pore materials or supports resembling polymer conduits are used as packing material in chromatographic operations. Our ongoing research has shown that, when modified with peptides or ligands, chitosan beads that are 800 m in diameter and have 3.5% solids can be used as matrices in bioseparations. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the transport properties of biomolecules in the modified chitosan beaded matrices. Batch uptake experiments with fluorescently tagged pure human IgG, human IgA and human IgM were conducted to visualize the distribution of binding sites throughout the bead as well as to evaluate restrictions to diffusion, …

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An Exafs Investigation Of Rare-Earth Local Environment In Ultraphosphate Glasses, M. Karabulut, E. Metwalli, A. K. Wittenauer, Richard K. Brow, G. K. Marasinghe, C. H. Booth, J. J. Bucher, D. K. Shuh Apr 2005

An Exafs Investigation Of Rare-Earth Local Environment In Ultraphosphate Glasses, M. Karabulut, E. Metwalli, A. K. Wittenauer, Richard K. Brow, G. K. Marasinghe, C. H. Booth, J. J. Bucher, D. K. Shuh

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The local structures around rare-earth ions in rare-earth ultra phosphate glasses (nominally 15RE2O3-85P2O5, mol%, RE = Nd, Sm, Gd, Ho, and Er) and metaphosphate glasses (nominally 25RE2O3-75P2O5, mol%, RE = Nd, Gd, and Er) have been studied by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) at the respective rare-earth LIII edges. the RE-O distance decreases with increasing atomic number of the rare-earth ion for both ultra and metaphosphate glasses. on average, RE-O distances for metaphosphate glasses are shorter than those for ultra phosphate glasses …

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Estimating The Dynamic Sensitive Cross Section Of An Fpga Design Through Fault Injection, Darrel E. Johnson Apr 2005

Estimating The Dynamic Sensitive Cross Section Of An Fpga Design Through Fault Injection, Darrel E. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

A fault injection tool has been created to emulate single event upset (SEU) behavior within the configuration memory of an FPGA. This tool is able to rapidly and accurately determine the dynamic sensitive cross section of the configuration memory for a given FPGA design. This tool enables the reliability of FPGA designs and fault tolerance schemes to be quickly and accurately tested. The validity of testing performed with this fault injection tool has been confirmed through radiation testing. A radiation test was conducted at Crocker Nuclear Laboratory using a proton accelerator in order to determine the actual dynamic sensitive cross …

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Modeling, Fabrication, And Optimization Of Niobium Cavities: Phase Iii Fourth Quarterly Report, Robert A. Schill Jr., Mohamed Trabia, William Culbreth Apr 2005

Modeling, Fabrication, And Optimization Of Niobium Cavities: Phase Iii Fourth Quarterly Report, Robert A. Schill Jr., Mohamed Trabia, William Culbreth

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

Niobium cavities are important parts of the integrated NC/SC high-power linacs. Over the years, researchers in several countries have tested various cavity shapes. They concluded that elliptically shaped cells are the most appropriate shape for niobium superconducting cavities. The surface preparation can significantly affect the secondary electron emission yields. Such yields are used in design codes. Current codes use values obtained from niobium samples cleaned by a different means at temperatures other than the operating temperature. Secondary electron emission studies on LANL surface-cleaned niobium are conducted with preliminary data presented in this report at room temperature. Soon studies will be …

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What A Mesh: Dependent Data Types For Correct Mesh Manipulation Algorithms, Joel R. Brandt Apr 2005

What A Mesh: Dependent Data Types For Correct Mesh Manipulation Algorithms, Joel R. Brandt

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

The Edinburgh Logical Framework (LF) has been proposed as a system for expressing inductively defined sets. I will present an inductive definition of the set of manifold meshes in LF. This definition takes into account the topological characteri-zation of meshes, namely their Euler Characteristic. I will then present a set of dependent data types based on this inductive def-inition. These data types are defined in a programming language based on LF. The language’s type checking guarantees that any typeable expression represents a correct manifold mesh. Furthermore, any mesh can be represented using these data types. Hence, the encoding is sound …

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Stratified Waveguide Grating Coupler For Normal Fiber Incidence, Gregory P. Nordin, D. M. Chambers, J. Jiang, B. Wang Apr 2005

Stratified Waveguide Grating Coupler For Normal Fiber Incidence, Gregory P. Nordin, D. M. Chambers, J. Jiang, B. Wang

Faculty Publications

We propose a new stratified waveguide grating coupler (SWGC) to couple light from a fiber at normal incidence into a planar waveguide. SWGCs are designed to operate in the strong coupling regime without intermediate optics between the fiber and the waveguide. Two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation in conjunction with microgenetic algorithm optimization shows that about 72% coupling efficiency is possible for fiber (core size of 8.3 μm and ∆=0.36%) to slab waveguide (1.2- μm core and ∆=3.1%) coupling. We show that the phase-matching and Bragg conditions are simultaneously satisfied through the fundamental leaky mode.

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Efficient Water Use On Construction Sites, David E. James, Thomas C. Piechota Apr 2005

Efficient Water Use On Construction Sites, David E. James, Thomas C. Piechota

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

One of the objectives of this research project was to develop strategies to optimize dust control efficiency by developing and promoting best management practices for water application, or exploring the cost efficiency of dust control alternatives. Ideally, the results of this research will result in practical recommendations that minimize water use and contractor cost, while maximizing the improvement in control of dust from construction sites (i.e., improved air quality). The overall goal was to gather information and data from field activities that will assist the local agencies (e.g., SNWA and the Clark County Air Quality Management District) in developing water …

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A Flexible Circuit-Switched Communication Network For Fpga-Based Soc Design, Clint Richard Hilton Apr 2005

A Flexible Circuit-Switched Communication Network For Fpga-Based Soc Design, Clint Richard Hilton

Theses and Dissertations

As FPGA densities continue to improve, single chips are becoming capable of implementing larger and more complex systems. Even today these systems may include several processors working in conjuction with a handful of other standard interfaces or custom modules. Additional system complexity naturally leads to added complexity throughout the different design and implementation stages. Attempting to design such a system while maintaining high performance and within a reasonable time frame is becoming more and more difficult. Architectural design approaches ranging from direct module interconnection to sophisticated bus schemes have been used to build such systems, all with their own trade-offs. …

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Visible Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated From Soluble Semiconducting Polymers, Alan J. Heeger, David Braun Apr 2005

Visible Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated From Soluble Semiconducting Polymers, Alan J. Heeger, David Braun

Electrical Engineering

Visible light LEDs are produced having a layer of conjugated polymer which is cast directly from solution or formed as a gel-processed admixture with a carrier polymer. The LEDs can be formed so as to emit polarized light.

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Induction Heating Of Thin Films, Paul L. Bergstrom, Melissa L. Trombley Apr 2005

Induction Heating Of Thin Films, Paul L. Bergstrom, Melissa L. Trombley

Michigan Tech Patents

A method of performing regional heating of a system having a substrate. The method may include applying a thin film to the system, and controllably energizing a coil positioned near the thin film. The energized coils thereby generate a magnetic flux. The method further includes inducing a current in the thin film with the magnetic flux thereby heating the system.

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Tb3+-Doped K Pb2Br5: Low-Energy Phonon Mid-Infrared Laser Crystal, U. N. Roy, R. H. Hawrami, Y. Cui, S. Morgan, A. Burger, K. C. Mandal, C. C. Noblitt, S. A. Speakman, K. Rademaker, S. A. Payne Apr 2005

Tb3+-Doped K Pb2Br5: Low-Energy Phonon Mid-Infrared Laser Crystal, U. N. Roy, R. H. Hawrami, Y. Cui, S. Morgan, A. Burger, K. C. Mandal, C. C. Noblitt, S. A. Speakman, K. Rademaker, S. A. Payne

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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2005 - The Tenth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars Apr 2005

2005 - The Tenth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars

Symposium of Student Scholars Program Books

The full program book from the Tenth Annual Symposium of Student Scholars, held on April 8, 2005. Includes abstracts from the presentations and posters.

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Developing A Gis And Hydrological Modeling Approach For Sustainable Water Resources Management In The West Bank -- Palestine, Walid Wajeeh Sabbah Apr 2005

Developing A Gis And Hydrological Modeling Approach For Sustainable Water Resources Management In The West Bank -- Palestine, Walid Wajeeh Sabbah

Theses and Dissertations

This research deals with setting up a GIS and hydrological modeling based approach for sustainable water resources management in the West Bank of Palestine. This water sustainability approach took into consideration the water balance, the social, the economic, the demographic, the environmental, and the institutional components in order to enhance and promote the sustainable development in Palestine, both on the short and long runs. To evaluate the water balance component, a methodology was introduced to create the Water Sustainability Map (WSM). Since the groundwater is currently the only accessible water source by the Palestinians, the WSM is represented by the …

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Sub-Surface Corrosion Research On Rock Bolt System, Perforated Ss Sheets And Steel Sets For The Yucca Mountain Repository — Quarterly Technical Report No. 3, Dhanesh Chandra, Jaak J.K. Daemen Apr 2005

Sub-Surface Corrosion Research On Rock Bolt System, Perforated Ss Sheets And Steel Sets For The Yucca Mountain Repository — Quarterly Technical Report No. 3, Dhanesh Chandra, Jaak J.K. Daemen

Publications (YM)

This report encompasses the work done for third quarter in accordance to cooperative agreement of UCCSN for the Task 019 “Subsurface Corrosion Research on Rock Bolt System, Perforated SS Sheets and Steel Sets for the Yucca Mountain Repository”, the objective of which was proposed earlier, to conduct corrosion research and predict the durability of rockbolts and other underground metallic roof supports. We have recently started working on oxidation tests using Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), stress corrosion cracking/hydrogen embrittlement studies on rock bolts, other support materials including bench mark materials. In this quarterly report we will discuss “Dry” oxidation of steels and …

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A Decision Model For Technology Assessment To Reduce The Internal Digital Divide In Emerging Economies (Case: Costa Rica), Audrey MaríA Alvear BáEz Apr 2005

A Decision Model For Technology Assessment To Reduce The Internal Digital Divide In Emerging Economies (Case: Costa Rica), Audrey MaríA Alvear BáEz

Dissertations and Theses

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) such as Wireless, the Internet, and e-commerce software are profoundly impacting how business and government are conducted. Digital divide (DD) refers to the gap that opens up between those who have access to, benefit and interact with ICTs and those who can not. ICTs can either accelerate change and thereby increase the DD in developing countries, or, if deployed carefully can be a tool to reduce the DD within a country. This study presents a systematic approach for doing the latter by identifying the ICTs, technology applications and key sectors that most impact the internal …

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Studying The Troposphere, Stratosphere And Ionosphere Of The Earth, Per Hoeg Apr 2005

Studying The Troposphere, Stratosphere And Ionosphere Of The Earth, Per Hoeg

Robert "Bob" Twiggs STEM Education Collection

A PowerPoint Presentation created by Per Hoeg titled "Studying the Troposphere, Stratosphere and Ionosphere of the Earth" from April 7, 2005.

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Reducing Energy In Fpga Multipliers Through Glitch Reduction, Nathaniel Rollins, Michael J. Wirthlin Apr 2005

Reducing Energy In Fpga Multipliers Through Glitch Reduction, Nathaniel Rollins, Michael J. Wirthlin

Faculty Publications

Sponsorship: NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO). While FPGAs provide exibility for performing high-performance DSP functions, they consume a significant amount of power. For arithmetic circuits, a large portion of the dynamic power is wasted on unproductive signal glitches. Pipelining can be used to significantly reduce the unproductive power wasted in signal glitches. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the amount of power consumed by glitches and applies this methodology to non-pipelined, pipelined, and digit-serial multipliers. This glitch estimation is used to evaluate these multipliers using four energy metrics: energy per operation, energy delay, energy throughput, and energy density. …

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A New Use For Cubesats Utilizing Low Data Rate Downlinks: Stec2005, Robert J. Twiggs Apr 2005

A New Use For Cubesats Utilizing Low Data Rate Downlinks: Stec2005, Robert J. Twiggs

Robert "Bob" Twiggs STEM Education Collection

A PowerPoint Presentation created by Professor Bob Twiggs titled "A New Use for CubeSats Utilizing Low Data Rate Downlinks: STEC2005" from April 6, 2005.

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Catalytic Conversion Of Hydrocarbons To Hydrogen And High-Value Carbon, Naresh Shah, Devadas Panjala, Gerald P. Huffman Apr 2005

Catalytic Conversion Of Hydrocarbons To Hydrogen And High-Value Carbon, Naresh Shah, Devadas Panjala, Gerald P. Huffman

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Patents

The present invention provides novel catalysts for accomplishing catalytic decomposition of undiluted light hydrocarbons to a hydrogen product, and methods for preparing such catalysts. In one aspect, a method is provided for preparing a catalyst by admixing an aqueous solution of an iron salt, at least one additional catalyst metal salt, and a suitable oxide substrate support, and precipitating metal oxyhydroxides onto the substrate support. An incipient wetness method, comprising addition of aqueous solutions of metal salts to a dry oxide substrate support, extruding the resulting paste to pellet form, and calcining the pellets in air is also discloses. In …

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Product-Based Multiresolution Image Fusion, Trond M. Ostrem, Samuel Peter Kozaitis Apr 2005

Product-Based Multiresolution Image Fusion, Trond M. Ostrem, Samuel Peter Kozaitis

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

We combined images from different sensors that were enhanced by multiscale products of the wavelet coefficients. Using the wavelet transform, we used a multiresolution analysis to form products of coefficients across scales. Then, a fusion rule was applied to the product images to determine how the original images could be combined. Using this approach, we were able to decrease the sensitivity of the fusion process to noise.

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Disparity Determination Using Multilevel Products, Michel Ouendeno, Samuel Peter Kozaitis Apr 2005

Disparity Determination Using Multilevel Products, Michel Ouendeno, Samuel Peter Kozaitis

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

We determined the overall disparity from stereo images using multiscale products of disparity values. Using the wavelet transform, we used a multiresolution analysis to calculate disparity values from stereo images at different scales. Forming the product of disparities and rescaling resulted in a disparity map that was directly related to depth. Using a multiresolution approach allowed us to more accurately determine disparity by examining the consistency of results through different scales. Using this approach could form the basis of an effective method for depth estimation.

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Aisi Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Header Design, 2004 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute Apr 2005

Aisi Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Header Design, 2004 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in the Commentary. With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is …

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